Desirability of adding mixtures of phenols and amine antioxidants to mineral oils

Studies have been made on the effectiveness of amine and phenolic inhibitors, including mixtures of them, in MS-8 mineral oil under conditions of high-temperature catalytic oxidation. It is found that mineral oils containing simultaneously amine and phenolic inhibitors have oxidation rates that are determined only by the content of the amine inhibitor, while the phenolic inhibitor partially determines the secondary oxidation-destruction processes. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No.3, pp.45 – 47, May – June, 2009.     

Criteria for limiting contamination of motor oil by fuel

The change in the service properties of modern motor oils in contamination by fuel was examined. It was experimentally shown that mineral and synthetic oils can totally lose their working capacity when contaminated by fuel. The dependences of the properties of oils on the mechanical and thermal loads in the friction unit and the degree of contamination of the oil by the fuel were obtained. The limiting and damaging concentrations of fuel in oils of different quality were substantiated. Recommendations were made for determining the limiting concentrations. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 22–26, January–February, 2007.     

Selective treatment of lube oil distillates using pulsation equipment

The possibility of using pulsation equipment, which has exhibited high efficiency in different areas of chemical engineering and in extraction treatment of lube oil distillates — the feedstock for production of base oils — with selective solvents was investigated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 6–9, January–February, 2008.     

Alkyl methacrylate and styrene terpolymers as lubricating oil viscosity index improvers

The properties of styrene/dodecyl methacrylate/octadecyl methacrylate terpolymers as viscosity index improvers of lubricating mineral oils were investigated. Terpolymers of different composition and molar mass were prepared by peroxide-initiated polymerization of the monomer mixture in a mineral base oil solution. All the terpolymer solutions in base oil exhibited high kinematic viscosity and viscosity index values (> 130), proving their high thickening efficiency. The ratio of viscosity values at 100°C and 40°C of styrene/alkyl methacrylate additive solutions was between 0.95 and 1.0, showing the coherent thickening effect in a wide temperature range, comparable with pure alkyl methacrylate additives. Increasing content of styrene in the additive and decreasing molar mass of the terpolymer resulted in a decrease in viscosity and viscosity index while the shear stability increased. The obtained results give guidelines for optimization of the terpolymers composition and structure in order to assure the best lubricant application properties. Published in Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 23–27, September–October, 2007.     

Rheological properties of lubricants for diesel engines

The effect of viscosity additives from the Viscoplex series on the rheological properties of M-10G₂k lubricants, developed from Baku base oils, was investigated with consideration of current environmental and sanitary-hygienic requirements. It was found that the system consisting of a mineral oil and viscosity additives is characterized by non-Newtonian behavior — at a shear rate of 60–80 sec⁻¹, the character of flow is pseudoplastic — and is distinguished by good starting properties at temperatures from +10 to −20°C. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 32–35, September–October, 2008.     

Effect of nanovolumes of additives on the properties of motor oils. Theoretical principles

A method is proposed for scattered light correlation spectroscopy for objective evaluation of the effect of water, oxidation products, and particulate contaminants on the size of colloidal formations in petroleum oils with additives. It was shown that to increase the colloidal stability — resistance to separation of oils with additives — and correspondingly improve their performance properties, it is necessary to take into account the intermolecular interactions of the additives in composites and to ensure the minimum change in them under the effect of external factors. The mechanism of the reaction of the additives and their selection for ensuring the assigned performance properties of lube oils is theoretically substantiated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 43–45, May–June, 2008.     

A device for fast quality control of oils

The results of fast quality control of oils by nonstandard methods are reported. The possibility of developing methods of determining the basic indexes of oils — the dielectric loss tangent, the base number based on the measured dielectric constant, and the resistivity — is examined. Motor oils from different manufacturers have different dielectric constants, which allows identifying the manufacturing company. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 46–48, September–October, 2007.     

Co-oligomers of allylnaphthenates and vinyl monomers as viscosity additives for lube oils

The possibility of obtaining viscosity additives for petroleum and synthetic oils by synthesizing co-oligomers of allylnaphthenates with butyl methacrylate and allylnaphthenates with styrene was investigated. The conditions for obtaining co-oligomers with assigned properties were found. The compounds obtained have improved viscosity-temperature properties and are much more resistant to thermal effects than industrial viscosity additives. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 35–36, July–August, 2007.     

By-products from production of fuels and lube oils. New possibilities for utilization

The possibility of using by-products from production of fuels and lube oils for manufacturing new coolants to replace the high-quality ceresin-wax products and synthetic resins supplied from abroad — substitutes of products of natural origin (vegetable oils, colophony), and expensive and scarce petrochemical products (indene-coumarone, styrene-indene resins, etc.) was examined.. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 3–5, November–December, 2007.     

Special features of use of phenolic inhibitors in mineral oils

The effectiveness (performance) of various phenolic inhibitors in medium-viscosity base mineral oils under high-temperature catalytic oxidation conditions has been studied. It has been proved that all the studied base oils possess differing catalytic activity whose quantitative value determines the effectiveness of the phenolic inhibitors. Under specific conditions, in the presence of inhibitors, oxidation of the oil increases rather than decreases.     

Thermooxidative stability of cyclic polyhydric alcohol esters

The effect of the chemical structure of 2,2,5,5-tetramethylcyclopentanol, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylcyclohexanol, 1,1-dimethyl-3-cyclohexene, and 2,2,-dimethyl-(2,2,1)-bicyclo-5-heptene based on C₃–C₈ aliphatic monocarboxylic acids and their phosphorus-and silicon-containing derivatives on the thermooxidative stability was investigated. The characteristics established allow synthesizing the esters purposefully and selectively, which suggests them as the base and components for promising lube oils. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 36–39, January–February, 2008.     

Use of hydrogenation processes in production of base oils

A method for improving the environmental characteristics of base oils is described. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 27–28, March–April, 2008.     

Effect of ultrasound on the colloidal-disperse properties of petroleum systems

The effect of ultrasound on crude oils of different chemical natures and distillation residues with a different degree of takeoff of the cuts was investigated. Its effect on the degree of dispersity of petroleum systems was determined. The effectiveness of ultrasound as a method of regulating the degree of dispersity of crude oil feedstock in all refining processes was demonstrated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 32–34, January–February, 2006.     

Thickening of petroleum systems. Communication 2

Using scaling theories and the findings of experimental studies, the possibility of obtaining a new generation of viscosity depressants for decreasing the limiting low temperature of pumpability of lube oils of different natures was investigated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 31–33, May–June, 2006.     

Use of used clay from oil production

The results of a physicochemical study of the organic mass of used clay from production of mineral oils are presented. The clay is hydrophobized, almost does not swell in water, and for this reason can be recommended for use in production of waterproofing materials. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 33–35, November–December, 2006.     

非对称受阻酚型抗氧剂合成及性能研究

抗氧剂是润滑油脂中非常关键且用量最大的添加剂之一，其中非对称型受阻酚抗氧剂是近年来抗氧剂研究的热点，作为一类新型高效抗氧剂逐渐被应用并取得了优于传统受阻酚型抗氧剂的良好使用效果。以间-十五烷基酚和叔丁基氯为原料，经烷基化工艺合成非对称型受阻酚2-叔丁基-5-十五烷基苯酚，对所合成的2-叔丁基-5-十五烷基苯酚进行结构表征，并考察其在矿油基础油以及合成基础油中的抗氧化性能。结果表明，所研制的2-叔丁基-5-十五烷基苯酚具有抗氧化能力强、在合成基础油中感受性好等优点，综合性能优于常用的受阻酚型润滑油抗氧剂。     

非对称受阻酚型抗氧剂合成及性能研究

抗氧剂是润滑油脂中非常关键且用量最大的添加剂之一,其中非对称型受阻酚抗氧剂是近年来抗氧剂研究的热点,作为一类新型高效抗氧剂逐渐被应用并取得了优于传统受阻酚型抗氧剂的良好使用效果。以间-十五烷基酚和叔丁基氯为原料,经烷基化工艺合成非对称型受阻酚2-叔丁基-5-十五烷基苯酚,对所合成的2-叔丁基-5-十五烷基苯酚进行结构表征,并考察其在矿油基础油以及合成基础油中的抗氧化性能。结果表明,所研制的2-叔丁基-5-十五烷基苯酚具有抗氧化能力强、在合成基础油中感受性好等优点,综合性能优于常用的受阻酚型润滑油抗氧剂。     

Production of base oils from high-sulfur tatar crude oils

The following sequence of processing lube distillates from atmospheric-vacuum tubestill (AVT) units are most commonly used for production of base oils: selective treatment — dewaxing — hydrotreating. As a result of hydrotreating, sulfur and tars are removed from the intermediate product, the carbon residue decreases, and the color improves. This final stage frequently determines the quality of base oils. However, its role in obtaining the required quality is usually small, since the basic indexes are formed in the preceding stages. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 15 – 16, November – December, 1999.     

Effect of the Dispersion Medium on the Antioxidant Stability of Complex Lithium Greases

Based on data on the kinetics of absorption of oxygen in dynamic conditions, residual oils from selective treatment with high resistance to oxidation are recommended as a basic component of the dispersion medium of high-temperature complex lithium greases. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 51 – 53, September – October, 2005.     

Pulsed-mixing crystallizers in dewaxing units. Basic results of introduction

The results of introducing pulsed-mixing crystallizers in dewaxing units at Novokuibyshevsk Lube Oil and Additives Plant Ltd. are analyzed. Introduction of these units significantly increased the technical and economic effectiveness of production of base oils and solid waxes. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 17–19, January–February, 2007.