Microstructure of Al-Si Alloys Rapidly Solidified from the Different Temperature Melts

1.IotroductionCoolingratehasasignificanteffectonsolidifyingmicrostructureofAl-Sialloys,ithaJsbeenshownthatthemorphologyofeutecticsiliconchangesfromplatestofiberswhenthecoolingrateisincreased[1'2].Rapidsolidificationprocessingprovidesawaytogreatlyre-finemicrostructure.Inmelt-spinningprocess,alargecircumferentialvelocityoftherotatingwheelisac-companiedbyalargecoolingandsolidificationrate.SoasmallsizeofAl-richandSi-richphaseswasgainedinthespunribbonsofAlSialloysl3].Obviously,themicrostructure…     

Properties of Dispersion Casting of Y2O3 Particles in Hypo, Hyper and Eutectic Binary Al-Cu Alloys

In the present work,the dispersion casting of Y-2O-3 particles in aluminum-copper alloy was investigated in terms of microstructural changes with respect to Cu contents of 20 （hypo）,33 （eutectic） and 40 （hyper） wt pct by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）.For the fabrication of Al-Cu alloy dispersed Y-2O-3 ceramic particles,stir casting method was employed.In case of Al-20 wt pct Cu alloy （hypoeutectic）,SEM images revealed that primary Al was grown up in the beginning.After that,eutectic phase with well dispersed ceramic particles was formed.In case of eutectic composition,Y-2O-3 particles were uniformly dispersed in the matrix.When the Cu is added into Al up to 40 wt pct （hypereutectic）,primary phase was grown up without any Y-2O-3 ceramic particles in the early stage of solidification.Thereafter, eutectic phase was formed with well dispersed ceramic particles.It can be concluded that Y-2O-3 ceramic particles is mostly dispersed in case of eutectic composition in Al-Cu alloy.     

Effect of a high gradient magnetic field on the distribution of the solute Si and the morphology of the primary Si phase

Effect of a high gradient magnetic field on the distribution of the solute Si and the primary Si phase in the Al-18 wt.% Si alloy has been investigated. It has been found that a high gradient magnetic field is capable of separating the solute Si and the primary Si phase from matrix. Moreover, the field also affects the shape of the primary Si phase; indeed, the field has refined the primary Si phase and caused the morphological transition from flake to grain.     

Microstructural Evolution of Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2Zr-1Mo-0.35Si-0.7Nd Titanium Alloy with Carbon Additions

The effect of carbon addition on microstructural evolution was studied in a near-α titanium alloy(Ti-5.6Al-4.8Sn-2Zr-1Mo-0.35Si-0.7Nd). It was found that flake and ribbon titanium carbides with a NaCl crystal structure formed in the as-cast alloys with carbon additions of over 0.17 wt pct. Flake carbide particles are the product of eutectic transformation and precipitate from the high-temperature β phase. The ribbon carbide particles are primary phases formed prior to the nucleation of any metallic phases. The as-cast alloys with carbide precipitation after heat-treatment atβt-30℃ followed by water quenching showed the spheroidization of α lamellae and partial dissolution of carbide particles. After annealing at βt 15℃, carbide particles are mostly distributed at the grain boundary and spheroidized through mixed grain boundary plus bulk diffusions.     

High strength Al–Zn–Mg–Cu–Ni–Si alloy with improved casting properties

Abstract

The casting properties of high strength Al-7Zn-7Mg-1Cu-3Ni-3Si(wt-%) alloy are described. Compared with common Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys, an improvement of casting properties has been achieved by adding elements (Ni, Mg, Si) that form eutectic phases, thus reducing the solidification interval of the alloy. A comparison of thermal cooling curves, castability and hot tearing tendency has been carried out for three alloys: Al-7Zn-2Mg-1Cu (structure consists mainly of solid solution), quasi-ternary eutectic alloy Al-7Zn-7Mg-1Cu-3Ni-3Si and the common casting alloy Al-10Si. In addition, the effect of melt protection against oxidation on castability has been evaluated. It is shown that the casting properties of the protected quasi-ternary eutectic alloy are significantly better than those of the common Al-7Zn-2Mg-1Cu alloy and that they achieve a level close to that of Al-10Si alloy.     

热处理对变质处理Al-Si合金组织的影响

本文采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察及能谱分析,研究热处理对Na盐变质Al-12％Si合金组织的影响。研究结果表明：Al-12％Si合金加入25％NaF＋62％NaCl＋13％KCl变质后共晶硅相细化;Al-12％Si合金经过热处理,随着加热温度的升高及保温时间的延长,硅相逐渐粒状化,其中变质处Al-12％Si合金的细化效果更佳;在本试验条件下,经过变质处理的Al—12％Si合金经加热577℃保温8h后,获得了硅相呈细小颗粒状,在a—Al基体上均匀分布的共晶组织。Na盐吸附于硅的晶核表面,阻碍硅晶体的长大,使Si相细化。Al-12％Si合金热处理过程中,随温度的升高及保温时间的延长,使原子扩散加快,促进硅相细化。     

往复挤压Mg-4Al-2Si合金中Mg2Si颗粒形貌与分布

使用往复挤压细化Mg-4Al-2Si (AS42)合金组织,利用OM,SEM和TEM研究Mg2 Si颗粒形貌和分布特征.结果表明,铸态AS42合金中Mg2Si颗粒呈共晶汉字状和初生块状.共晶Mg2 Si经2道次往复挤压后全部破碎,且分布均匀.经6道次挤压后初生Mg2 Si颗粒全部破碎,细小的Mg2 Si颗粒已基本球化....     

强磁场对过共晶铝硅合金中初晶Si分布的影响

对Al-18% (质量分数) Si合金进行磷盐变质处理,分别在变质剂反应温度保温20,40min,发现不施加强磁场条件下,凝固组织中的初晶Si相集中在试样周边附近,试样中心处为共晶组织.施加强磁场条件下,凝固组织中的初晶Si相分布在整个试样中.施加强磁场后试样中的初晶Si的尺寸比没有被施加强磁场的试样中的初晶Si尺寸大.     

不同Ca含量及合金元素对Al-Ca合金组织的影响

本文主要介绍了不同Ca含量以及合金元素Mg、Si对于Al—Ca二元合金微观组织的影响．同时运用了X射线衍射、金相观察等分析测试方法对合金的微观组织进行了定性分析。结果表明,合金中共晶相随Ca含量的增加而逐渐增加,当Ca含量为8wt．％时全部转变为共晶组织．当Ca含量达到11％时,合金中出初生Al4Ca相。在Al-8Ca合金中加入Si元素后,组织中出现随机分布的规则多边形Al2CaSi2相;当加入6％Mg元素后合金组织未发生较大改变,仍由共晶α—Al及Al4Ca两相所组成,Mg元素以固溶的形式分布在共晶基体当中。     

Protective Effect of the Sputtered TiAlCrAg Coating on the High-Temperature Oxidation and Hot Corrosion Resistance of Ti-Al-Nb Alloy

The effect of a sputtered Ti-48AI-8Cr-2Ag (at. pct) coating on the oxidation resistance of the cast Ti-46.5AI-5Nb (at. pct) alloy was investigated in air at 1000-1100℃. Hot corrosion in molten 75 wt pct Na2SO4+25 wt pct K2SO4 was investigated at 900℃. The scale on the cast TiAINb tends to spall in air, while the scale on coating is very adherent. The sputtered Ti-48AI-8Cr-2Ag coating remarkably improved high temperature oxidation resistance of the cast Ti-46.5AI-5Nb alloy because of the formation of an adherent Al2O3 scale. Due to the inward diffusion of Cr, Kirkendall voids were found at the coating/substrate interface. TiAICrAg coating provided excellent hot corrosion resistance for TiAINb alloy in molten 75 wt pct Na2SO4+25 wt pct K2S04 at 900℃ due to the formation of a continuous Al2O3 scale.     

Characteristics of α-dendritic and eutectic structures in Sr-treated Al—Si casting alloys

The present study was carried out to determine the effect of alloy composition and solidification conditions on changes in the dendritic and eutectic structures in Al—Si alloys containing strontium. A series of experimental and industrial alloys viz., Al-7% Si, Al-12% Si, 319 and 356 were selected, to cover a variety of alloy freezing ranges. The techniques of thermal analysis, optical microscopy, and SEM/EDX and EPMA analyses were employed to obtain the results presented here. Depression in the eutectic Si temperature in Al-7% Si alloys occurs on addition of alloying elements such as Mg and Cu. Introduction of Sr to these alloys further depresses the eutectic temperature, with a corresponding increase in the volume fraction of the -Al phase. The primary dendrite solidification pattern changes from parallel rows to a branched form, producing an equiaxed type of structure and hence shorter primary dendrite lengths. This is expected to enhance the interdendritic feedability. The lengths of the secondary dendrite arms are controlled by the rejection of solute atoms in front of the growing dendrites during solidification. The higher the alloying content in the alloy (i.e., 319), the smaller the dendrite cell size. The longer solidification time in the 319 alloy also appears to have a considerable influence on the amount of porosity formed in the alloy, in addition to that of Sr.     

Numerical Simulation of Morphology and Microsegregation Evolution during Solidification of Al-Si Alloy

A stochastic model coupled with transient calculations for the distributions of temperature, solute and velocity during the solidification of binary alloy is presented. The model can directly describe the evolution of both morphology and segregation during dendritic crystal growth. The model takes into account the curvature and growth anisotropy of dendritic crystals. Finite difference method is used to explicitly track the sharp solid liquid (S/L) interface on a fixed Cartesian grid. Two-dimensional mesoscopic calculations are performed to simulate the evolution of columnar and equiaxed dendritic morphologies of an AI-7 wt pct Si alloy. The effects of heat transfer coefficient on the evolution of both the dendrite morphology and segregation patterns during the solidification of binary alloys are analyzed. This model is applied to the solidification of small casting. Columnar-to-equiaxed transition is analyzed in detail. The effects of heat transfer coefficient on final casting structures are also studi     

Effect of Si3N4 Addition on the Mechanical Properties, Microstructures, and Wear Resistance of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

In order to improve the wear resistance of Ti-6Al-4V, different amounts of Si3N4 powder were added into the alloy powder and sintered at 1250℃. Porous titanium alloy with higher wear resistance was successfully fabricated. At sintering temperature, reaction took place and a new hard phase of Ti5Si3 formed. The mechanical properties of the fabricated alloys with different amounts of Si3N4 addition were investigated. The hardness of Ti-6Al-4V, which is the index of wear resistance, was increased by the addition of Si3N4. Amounts of Si3N4 addition have very significant influences on hardness and compressive strength. In present study,titanium alloy with 5 wt pct Si3N4 addition has 62% microhardness and 45% overall bulk hardness increase,respectively. In contrast, it has a 16.4% strength reduction. Wear resistance was evaluated by the weight loss during wear test. A new phase of Ti5Si3 was detected by electron probe microanalyzer （EPMA） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） method. The original Si3N4 decomposed during sintering and transformed into titanium silicide. Porous structure was achieved due to the sintering reaction.     

Strain path and microstructure evolution during severe deformation processing of an as-cast hypoeutectic Al–Si alloy

Microstructure evolution in an as-cast Na modified Al–7%Si (wt. pct.) alloy was examined during redundant and monotonic straining by repetitive equi-channel angular pressing (ECAP) under ambient temperature conditions, and during friction stir processing (FSP). Redundant straining during repetitive ECAP was accomplished by processing following route B_C while monotonic straining employed route A. Single- and multi-pass FSP was conducted on this same as-cast material using an FSP tool having a threaded pin. The as-cast microstructure comprises equiaxed primary α dendrite cells embedded in the Al–Si eutectic constituent. The evolution of this microstructure during repetitive ECAP can be described by idealized models of this process. The primary and eutectic constituents can still be discerned and the Si particle distribution is not homogenized even during ambient temperature processing involving von Mises strains >9.0. In contrast, the primary and eutectic constituents cannot be distinguished in the stir zone after even a single FSP pass. Strain estimates based on the shape change of the primary α constituent indicate that the Si particle distribution has become homogeneous at local von Mises strains of 2.5–3.0 during the FSP thermomechanical cycle. Mechanical property data are consistent with strain path during SPD processing by repetitive ECAP and FSP.     

Microstructural Changes of Cu-Ni-Si Alloy during Aging

Age hardening in Cu-3.2Ni-0.75Si (wt pct) and Cu-1.0Ni-0.25Si (wt pct) alloys from 723 to 823 K is studied. After an incubation period strengthening appears which is due to precipitates in the Cu-l.ONi-0.25Si (wt pct) alloy. On other hand an immediate increase of the yield strength characterizes the aging of the alloy. This is followed by the regions of constant yield strength and further by a peak. The microstructure of the alloy was studied by, means of transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Spinodal decomposition takes place followed by nucleation of the ordering coherent (Cu,Ni)3Si particles, further precipitation annealing coherent δ-Ni2Si nucleated within the (Cu,Ni)3Si particle. Any change of the yield strength can be described by an adequate change of the structure in the sample. The nature of the aging curves with a "plateau" is discussed. The formulas of Ashby and Labusch can be used to explain the precipitation.     

不同冷却条件下Al-Si/SiC颗粒系统二维凝固过程数值模拟

本文采用多相流模型对不同冷却条件下Al-Si/SiC系统二维凝固过程进行了数值模拟,对顶面冷却、底面冷却、侧面冷却和四面冷却条件下,无颗粒、小颗粒和大颗粒的情况进行了研究。溶质分布表明:对于分凝系数小于1的合金,先凝固的地方出现负偏析,后凝固的地方出现正偏析。顶面冷却和底面冷却时会出现A型偏析,侧面冷却和四面冷却时出现V型偏析。共晶分布验证了Scheil方程,共晶的产生会受到宏观偏析的影响,而且大颗粒的堆积会抑止共晶的产生。     

Effect of Sn on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-5Al-2Si Alloys

The effect of Sn addition on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-5Al-2Si alloys was investigated with variations of Sn contents （3 and 6 wt pct）. The microstructure of the alloy was characterized by the presence of Mg2Sn particles within matrix and at grain boundaries. As the Sn contents increased, yield and ultimate tensile strength were increased at room temperatures and 150℃. Creep properties were improved with the increasing amount of Sn due to the fine precipitation of Mg2Sn phases within grain during creep.     

离心铸造Mg2Si 和Si 自生增强锌基复合材料的组织与性能

采用热模金属型工艺, 离心铸造Zn-27Al-9.8Mg-5.2Si 和Zn-27Al-6.3Mg-3.7Si 合金, 获得了内层聚集大量块状初生Mg₂Si 、少量初生Si, 中层不含初生Mg₂Si 和初生Si, 外层含有初生Mg- Si 和初生Si 的自生锌基复合材料。离心铸造Zn-27Al-3.2Mg-1.8Si 合金, 获得了不含初生Mg₂Si 和初生Si 的单层材料。考察了复合材料的组织形貌, 检测了复合材料的硬度和耐磨性, 分析了复合材料的断裂模式。结果表明: 复合材料的内层因聚集大量的初生Mg₂Si 和初生Si 具有较高的硬度和较优的耐磨性。复合材料的断裂方式为脆性断裂, 含共晶Mg₂Si 和共晶Si 的中层在断裂中比含块状初生Mg₂Si 和初生Si 的内层经历了更多的塑性变形。      

Recent developments in hypoeutectic Al-Si A-S4G alloy

The effect of adding Sr in the form of the Al-5 Sr master alloy to commercial A-S4G and high purity Al-4Si alloys on the modification process has been investigated. The volume fraction of the eutectic matrix decreased by modification due to the movement of the eutectic point to the higher Si content side. The tensile properties, especially elongation, have been increased by modification. The elongation of the A-S4G alloy is increased from a value of 0.9 to 15% by modification. Additionally, the elongation of the modified high purity alloy reached a value of 34%. The fracture path of the modified alloys circumvents the -phase while it is not yet known if it propagates intergranularly or transgranularly through the eutectic matrix. The fracture surface revealed dimple and smooth ripple patterns reflecting the high ductility of the modified alloys.     

Effect of magnesium addition on the mechanical properties of metallic composite materials based on the eutectic Al-5.7% Ni alloy

We have examined the effect of magnesium addition on the mechanical properties of metallic dispersion hardening materials, prepared from the binary eutectic Al-5.7 wt % Ni alloy by casting and isostatic extrusion. A small amount of magnesium addition increases significantly the tensile strength and fracture elongation, and especially stabilizes the alloy structure for annealing at high temperature.