多层住宅坡屋面保温层设计

坡屋而上海地区近年来对多层住宅提倡采用的一种屋面构造形式。基于当今住宅冬季保温和夏季隔热的需要,坡屋面的保温层设置必不可少。文中介绍了上海地区坡屋面保温层的设计技术,包括构造方法,保温材料选用以及保温层厚度计算与确定,并且提出了可供选用的多种保温材料的最小厚度。     

浅谈建筑节能的紧迫性及途径

对建筑节能的紧迫性进行了论述,从规划设计与建筑节能设计,墙体保温隔热,门窗保温隔热,屋面保温隔热,采暖系统的节能五方面阐述了建筑节能的主要途径,旨在推广建筑节能技术.     

An approach to the optimum thermal design of office buildings

The paper describes a method for determining a thermal design for an office building which minimizes the sum of initial costs and running costs discounted over the life of the building whilst satisfying constraints deriving from technological and comfort requirements.A thermal model of an office building is described in terms of heat supply and heat losses and some ingenious features of the modelling are presented. Costing techniques for heating and insulating the building are also described. An optimization algorithm based on geometric programming is then applied to the thermal model and typical results are presented. The importance of sensitivity analyses of the results is stressed.     

Hybrid ventilation for low energy building design in south China

Buildings and their related activities are responsible for a large portion of the energy consumed in China. It is therefore worthwhile to investigate methods for improving the energy efficiency of buildings. This paper describes a low energy building design in Hangzhou, south China. A hybrid ventilation system which employs both natural and mechanical ventilation was used for the building due to the severity of the climate. The passive ventilation system was tested using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the results showed that, in the mid-seasons, natural ventilation for the building is viable. The likely thermal performance of the building design throughout the year was evaluated using dynamic thermal simulation (DTS) with local hourly standard weather data. It is evident from the modelling results that the hybrid ventilation system is a feasible, low energy approach for building design, even in sub-tropical climates such as south China.     

Thermal simulation software outputs: a framework to produce meaningful information for design decision-making

This paper describes a process used to develop and test a framework to produce thermal simulation post-processed information meaningful to building design decision-making. The framework adopts a user-centred approach in which the building designer is considered the ultimate simulation tool user either directly or indirectly when supported by consultants. The framework supports the building designer's ‘modus operandi’ and is developed through a set of interdisciplinary research methods. Participatory Action Research, Thematic Analysis and Grounded Theory are used, together with principles from Information Visualization, dynamic thermal modelling and Building Design, following a design approach to problem-solving taken from the discipline of Interaction Design. The various elements of the framework and their connections are derived from analysis of sequences of design actions made by novice designers undertaking complex design activities. Tests of the framework are undertaken through an online questionnaire and five semi-structured interviews with UK architectural design practices.     

我国过渡地区围护结构保温隔热技术现状及前景

根据我国过渡地区气候特点,就节能建筑围护结构热工设计方法,普遍采用的几种隔热保温措施机理进行了分析,详细介绍了围护结构墙体、屋面、窗户保温隔热节能技术应用现状和前景。     

混凝土结构地下室和楼板抗裂设计分析

首先介绍了地下室混凝土结构如何进行抗裂设计,然后介绍了某工程1号楼和2号楼混凝土结构抗裂设计,重点介绍了混凝土楼板的抗裂设计计算。分析了大楼使用期间的环境温度影响,按王铁梦的方法分析了板的温度应力,并对楼板的切角裂缝进行了分析。     

夏热冬暖地区被动式节能设计技术探讨——以福州大学建筑节能示范公寓为例

被动式节能设计以其低技术化、低成本性,通过建筑设计在总平面、平面、立、剖面以及细部节点上的设计,合理利用建筑朝向合理布置、自然通风、建筑遮阳、建筑保温隔热等设计方法来达到有效的降低建筑使用能耗的目的。本文通过福州大学建筑节能示范公寓设计与建设工程实例,阐述了采用被动式节能技术降低能耗以提高建筑节能效率。     

Energy use and thermal comfort in a rammed earth office building

A two-storey rammed earth building was built on the Thurgoona Campus of Charles Sturt University in Albury-Wodonga, Australia, in 1999. The building is novel both in the use of materials and equipment for heating and cooling. The climate at Wodonga can be characterised as hot and dry, so the challenge of providing comfortable working conditions with minimal energy consumption is considerable. This paper describes an evaluation of the building in terms of measured thermal comfort and energy use. Measurements, confirmed by a staff questionnaire, found the building was too hot in summer and too cold in winter. Comparison with another office building in the same location found that the rammed earth building used more energy for heating. The thermal performance of three offices in the rammed earth building was investigated further using simulation to predict office temperatures. Comparisons were made with measurements made over typical weeks in summer and winter. The validated model has been used to investigate key building parameters and strategies to improve the thermal comfort and reduce energy consumption in the building. Simulations showed that improvements could be made by design and control strategy changes.     

苏联专家与夏昌世对南方建筑降温研究的交集

揭示1958年夏昌世与前苏联援华热工专家Г.А.马克西莫夫在广州见面这一线索的后续进展,以及两人在南方建筑降温研究的关联程度。通过1950-60年代中国建筑热工技术史料的文献研究与细节比较,结合口述采访,确认了1958年此两人因屋顶隔热设计课题存在深入研究交集,后者从数理角度对夏昌世一系列隔热屋顶设计实验进行定量评价、数理建模与理论研究。同时,发现马克西莫夫在1958年对于南方建筑降温问题的科研工作,主要是两次全国建筑热工会议、一次对中国南方四市的调查,以及22项课题。此新史料、细节不但填补了二者在广州见面后续历史事件的空白,完善了1958年夏昌世对建筑降温问题研究的史料,也为中国早期建筑热工理论发展史的深入研究提供重要线索。     

浅议住宅建筑节能设计

对住宅区规划设计、住宅户型空间设计、住宅施工图设计阶段建筑外围护结构的热工设计等方面提出了住宅建筑节能设计建议，并着重对建筑单体节能设计应采取的措施进行了阐述，以降低建筑能耗，改善住宅建筑热环境质量，达到建筑节能的目的。     

夏热冬暖地区办公楼绿色建筑设计

本文主要就夏热冬暖地区办公楼绿色建设设计进行了探讨,结合了具体的工程实例,简述了绿色建筑设计的目标和技术路线,提出了一些绿色建筑设计的措施,并对空调的设计作了阐述,以期能为有关方面的需要提供参考借鉴。     

轻质保温墙体导热系数现场测试的研究

墙体保温是实现建筑节能的一项重要措施。现场实测是判定墙体是否保温的有力手段,进一步开发建筑热工性能检测技术也是我国未来建筑节能工作的一个重点。利用防护热板法对轻质保温墙体导热系数进行了现场测试,通过数值分析和实验,并进行了对比测试,证明了该方法应用于此类墙体热工性能测试的可行性。     

绿色建筑设计是适宜性技术与艺术结合的创新

本文阐述了绿色建筑设计中两个问题:其一是绿色建筑设计要求集成适宜性技术;其二是绿色建筑设计是适宜性技术与艺术结合的创新。     

关于建筑设计的几点看法

对建筑设计中的结构设计问题,基础选择问题以及上部结构问题进行了分析研究,阐述了建筑物各部位在设计中的注意事项,促使建造出的建筑物达到适用、经济、坚固、美观的要求。     

以南京水游城为例谈大型商业建筑设计思想

针对南京水游城这个大型商业建筑项目进行了研究,分析了该项目与传统商业建筑设计理念的差别,阐述了该商业建筑整体性特点和人性化的设计原则,并总结其独特的设计手法,以期指导今后同类建筑设计。     

太阳能热水在深圳住宅中的应用及实例

针对深圳市太阳能热利用现状,阐述了深圳市太阳能利用的三大优势,并以具体工程为例,介绍了太阳能集中热水系统的设计计算方法及工作原理,从而加快住宅建筑应用太阳能热水器的步伐。     

The development of a comvenient thermal dynamic building model

The present paper describes a method to set up a thermal building model combining relative simplicity with high dynamic accuracy. The models were verified in two Dutch semi-detached dwellings characterized by extreme values of thermal capacity.     

On approaches to couple energy simulation and computational fluid dynamics programs

Energy simulation (ES) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can play an important role in building design by providing complementary information of the building performance. However, separate applications of ES and CFD usually cannot give an accurate prediction of building thermal and flow behavior due to the assumptions used in the applications. An integration of ES and CFD can eliminate many of these assumptions, since the information provided by ES and CFD is complementary. This paper describes some efficient approaches to integrate ES and CFD, such as static and dynamic coupling strategies, in order to bridge the discontinuities of time-scale, spatial resolution and computing speed between ES and CFD programs. This investigation further demonstrates some of the strategies through two examples by using the EnergyPlus and MIT-CFD programs.     

浅谈东北地区建筑节能措施

针对建筑节能的重要性,分析了我国东北既有建筑的能耗现状,从规划设计、建筑设计及政策等方面阐述了东北地区建筑节能措施,以降低建筑能耗,实现可持续发展的战略目标。