SiCW/Zn-22Al复合材料的超塑性

对低压浸渗、挤压比为10∶1的热挤压以及固溶处理制备的15vol％SiC_W/Zn-22Al复合材料的超塑性进行了研究。研究表明:在温度为658 K、初始应变速率为6.67×10-2s-1的拉伸变形条件下,其伸长率为150%,应变速率敏感指数m值约为0.33。     

压力浸渗SiCW/LY12复合材料的超塑性

对压力浸渗、小挤压比挤压以及进一步扎制制备的β－ＳｉＣ晶须增强ＬＹ１２铝基复合材料的超塑性变形行为进行了研究。研究表明：该复合材料在温度７８８￣８０８Ｋ、初始应变再率为３．３×１０＾－３￣３．３×１０＾－２ｓ＾－１的条件下超塑性变形时,延伸率为２００％￣３７０％。     

EFFECT OF EXTRUSION PARAMETERS ON STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF 2124 ALUMINUM ALLOY MATRIX COMPOSITES

Discontinuously reinforced aluminum matrix composites (DRA) have been attracting attention because of their amenability to undergo deformation processing by conventional metalworking techniques. Extrusion is used in processing of DRA composites for consolidation, redistribution of reinforcements, and shape forming. The important parameters that control the extrusion process are temperature and strain rate, which is a function of several equipment/extrusion parameters. Vacuum hot-pressed (VHP) 2124 Al/30 SiC_p composite billets were extruded at different ram speeds (1, 10, 100 mm sec^-1) and using different extrusion ratios (4:1, 10:1, and 20:1). The extruded samples were studied for their integrity, microstructure, and mechanical properties. The integrity of the extruded composite rod was very good at minimum extrusion speed of 1 mm sec^-1, whereas 100 mm sec^-1 extrusion speed resulted in extensive fir tree cracking. Extrusion of VHP billets, with necklace structure, resulted in elongated alternate stringers of matrix and SiC_p in the extrusion direction. Matrix stringer width and aspect ratio were found to vary with extrusion ratio. Because of the microstructural refinement, both the strength and ductility of the metal matrix composites (MMCs) were improved. Microhardness of the matrix stringers was found to be a function (power relation) of their width, irrespective of the location and extrusion ratio.     

Superplasticity in an Aluminum Alloy 6061/A12O3p Composite

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SiC晶须增强铝基复合材料超塑性

采用高温拉伸、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热计和超塑性经典理论,对低压浸渗、小挤压和热轧制备的SiC晶须增强2024Al基复合材料超塑性的力学行为和变形机制进行了研究。研究表明:复合材料的晶粒细小,尺寸约为1 μm;在温度为788 K、初始应变速率为3.3×10-3s-1的拉伸条件下,超塑伸长率为370％;DSC曲线上有一小的初期熔化吸热峰,其温度相应于偏晶反应:Al+Al₂Cu+Cu₄Mg₅Si₄Al_<em>x→液相+Mg₂Si,785 K;超塑性变形的主导机制为传统的晶界扩散机制和适量液相共同控制的晶界(界面)滑动。     

喷雾沉积法制造的铝基复合材料的超塑性

喷雾沉积法制造的SiC_P/LY12复合材料经热压和热正挤压后,晶粒得以细化,SiC_P分布的均匀性大大改善.超塑性拉伸试验结果表明:SiC_P/LY12复合材料具有超塑性;变形温度、应变速率对极限延伸率和应变速率敏感性指数m值均有较大的影响.在变形温度为500℃和初始应变速率为1.0×10-3s-1时,获得的极限延伸率为345%.      

Superplasticity in an alulllinium alloy 2124/SiCp composite

Abstract

The superplastic potential of an aluminium alloy 2124/SiC_p composite, fabricated by powder metallurgy techniques, has been investigated. Instead of any special thermomechanical processing or hot extrusion, simple warm rolling has been employed to obtain a fine grained structure before superplastic testing. Constant strain rate tests were performed to characterise the superplastic behaviour of the composite. All tests were performed in air at temperatures of 743–783 K and in the strain rate range 10^-3-10^-1 S^-l. A maximum elongation of 425% was achieved at a temperature of 763 K and a strain rate of 8.3 × 10^-2 S^-1. The highest value obtained for the strain rate sensitivity index (m) was 0.41. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to ascertain the possibility of any partial melting in the vicinity of optimum superplastic temperature. These results suggested that no liquid phase existed where maximum elongation was achieved and deformation took place entirely in the solid state. Optical and electron microscopy were used to examine the materials microstructure before and after superplastic testing.     

Superplasticity in an aluminum alloy 6061/Al(2)O(3)p composite

The superplasticity of an Al(2)O(3)p/6061Al composite, fabricated by powder metallurgy techniques, has been investigated. Instead of any special thermomechanical processing or hot rolling, simple hot extrusion has been employed to obtain a fine grained structure before superplastic testing. Superplastic tensile tests were performed at strain rates ranging from 10(-2) to 10(-4) s(-1) and at temperatures from 833 to 893 K. A maximum elongation of 200% was achieved at a temperature of 853 K and an initial strain rate of 1.67x10(-3) s(-1). The highest value obtained for the strain rate sensitivity index (m) was 0.32. Differential scanning calorimeter was used to ascertain the possibility of any partial melting in the vicinity of optimum superplastic temperature. These results suggested that no liquid phase existed where maximum elongation was achieved and deformation took place entirely in the solid state.     

Dynamic mechanical response of an SiCp/Al-Li (8090) composite

The dynamic mechanical response of an Al-Li alloy (8090) and SiC particle-reinforced 8090 composite was studied. The strain-hardening behaviour of the alloy was found to change significantly with increasing strain rate. Increasing the strain rate from 10⁻³ s⁻¹ to 6500 s⁻¹ doubled the strain-hardening coefficient of the alloy. The presence of the particles in the matrix did not affect the strain-hardening coefficient of the alloy. This was attributed to the relatively weak bonding between the particles and the matrix. An orientation effect was observed in the composite samples as a result of the preferential orientation of the reinforcing particles during the extrusion process. The thermal expansion behaviour of the composite samples was found to agree well with Kerner's model, and provided further evidence of the weak interfacial bonding.     

High-strain-rate superplastic deformation behavior of a powder metallurgy-processed 2124 Al alloy

High-strain-rate superplastic behavior of a powder-metallurgy processed 2124 alloy prepared through extrusion at a high ratio of 70 : 1 was investigated. A maximum tensile elongation of 700% was obtained at 823 K and at a strain rate of 10^–2 s^–1. Deformation behavior of this alloy was similar to those reported for other many HSR superplastic materials. Incorporation of threshold stress into the constitutive equation reveals that the true stress exponent is 2 and true activation energy for plastic flow is comparable to that for lattice diffusion in pure aluminum. Comparison of the present alloy with the 2124 Al composite indicates that the composite is weaker than the unreinforced alloy in the temperature range where grain boundary sliding is rate-controlled.     

BFe10-1-1铜合金热压缩流变应力行为

BFe10-1-1合金管是制造冷凝器的关键材料,主要采用热挤压方法成形.为了制定该合金的热挤压工艺,并为其挤压成形的数值模拟分析提供热力学参数,在Gleeble-1500动态热模拟机上进行高温等温压缩试验,研究了BFe10-1-1合金在高温塑性变形过程中的流变应力行为.试验温度为800~950℃,应变速率为0.1~20 S-1.研究结果表明,BFe10-1-1合金的流变应力随变形温度的增加而减小,随应变速率的增大而增大;随着应变速率越大,动态再结晶软化现象更为明显;获得了采用Zener-Hollomon参数来描述的BFe10-1-1合金高温变形的峰值应力方程,计算获得该合金变形激活能Q为182.68 kJ/mol.     

High strain rate superplasticity in a nano-structured Al–Mg/SiCP composite severely deformed by equal channel angular extrusion

High strain rate superplastic deformation potential of an Al–4.5%Mg matrix composite reinforced with 10% SiC particles of 3 μm nominal size was investigated. The material was manufactured using powder metallurgical route and mechanical alloying which was then processed by equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE). The composite showed a high resistance to static recrystallization. The manufacturing operations atomized SiC particles to nanoscale particles and the severe plastic deformation process resulted in a dynamically recrystallized microstructure with oxide dispersoids distributed homogeneously throughout the matrix. These particles stabilized the ultra-fine grained microstructure during superplastic (SP) deformation. Testing under optimum conditions at constant strain rates led to tensile elongations >360%, but it could be further increased by control of the strain rate path. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies showed that the low angle boundary sub-grain structure obtained on heating to the SP deformation temperature developed on straining into a microstructure containing high angle boundaries capable of sustaining grain boundary sliding.     

固相回收SiCp/ZK60镁基复合材料的高温压缩变形行为

在温度为360~450℃、应变率为0.001~1s-1的变形条件下,采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机对固相回收SiC_p/ZK60镁基复合材料的高温压缩变形行为进行研究。结果表明:固相回收SiC_p/ZK60的流变应力随变形温度的升高而降低,随应变率的升高而升高,且随应变的增加,流动应力很快达到峰值,然后逐渐趋于稳定。固相回收SiCp/ZK60热压缩变形应力指数为3.348,变形激活能为64.97kJ/mol,其高温压缩流变应力模型为ε'=4.69×104[sinh(0.051σ)]3.348exp(-64790/(RT));本试验条件下,固相回收SiC_p/ZK60的流变应力模型可以用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲线函数形式进行描述。     

PP木纤维复合材料热粘弹性力学特性研究

通过对PP木纤维复合材料进行应变率为10-4～10-2s-1、温度为90、130、170℃下的单向应力条件下的力学性能试验,结果表明,PP木纤维复合材料的力学响应对温度和应变率都是敏感的,并且升高温度与降低应变率对PP木纤维复合材料的力学性能有等效的影响。利用Maxwell模型提出了该PP木纤维复合材料的一个非线性热粘弹性本构方程,拟合出了相应的粘弹性参数。利用该本构模型模拟了PP木纤维复合材料的热压缩实验,理论计算所得应力-应变曲线与实验结果吻合较好。     

Dynamic compressive behaviour and microstructural evolution of extrusion-shear Mg–6Zn–1Cu–1Y–0.6Zr alloy

In this work, the alloy Mg–6Zn–1Cu–1Y–0.6Zr was prepared using an extrusion-shear method, which combines traditional extrusion with the equal channel angular pressing. Dynamic compressive behaviour and microstructural evolution were studied along the extrusion direction with strain rates in the range of 695–1995?s^?1 using a Split-Hopkinson pressure bar. The dynamic compression properties have a distinct positive strain rate strengthening effect. A texture transition from ?10–10? into ?0001? is found in the Mg–6Zn–1Cu–1Y–0.6Zr alloy. Analysis of the microstructural evolution shows that {10–12} extension twinning and (0002) basal-type slip are major deformation mechanisms. The absorption energy density dramatically increases as the strain rate increases, results indicate that dynamic recrystallisation and high yield strength are mainly responsible for the high energy absorption capacity.     

A deformation processed β-Ti + Y metal–metal composite

A Ti-20V-20Y deformation processed metal–metal composite was deformed axisymmetrically by extrusion and swaging to a true strain of 5.9. Tensile strength, ductility, Y phase thickness and spacing, and preferred crystallographic orientation were examined at several levels of true strain as the deformation progressed. The Ti-V metastable BCC solid solution matrix developed a (110) fiber texture. The Y second phase developed a fiber texture that constrained the Y phase to deform in plane strain. Relatively high tensile ductility was observed at all levels of deformation processing strain.     

Rate dependent deformation of carbon fibre reinforced Al–Li metal matrix composite

Abstract

The dynamic deformation characteristics and failure behaviour of laminated carbon fibre reinforced Al–Li metal matrix composite has been studied experimentally with the objective of investigating the dependence of mechanical properties on the applied strain rate and fibre volume fraction. A vacuum melting/casting process was used for manufacturing the tested composite. Impact testing was performed using a Saginomiya 100 metal forming machine and a compressive split Hopkinson bar over a strain rate range of 10^-1 s^-1 to 3×10³ s^-1. It is shown that the flow stress of the composite increases with strain rate and fibre volume fraction. The highest elongation to fracture values were found at low rate loading conditions, although a significant increase in ductility is obtained in the dynamic range. The composite appears to exhibit a lower rate of work hardening during dynamic deformation. Strain rate sensitivity and activation volume are strongly dependent on strain rate and fibre volume fraction. Fractographic analysis using scanning electron microscopy reveals that there is a distinct difference in the morphologies of the fractures, with corresponding different damage mechanisms, between specimens tested at low and high strain rates. Both strain rate and fibre volume fraction are important in controlling fibre fragment length and the density of the Al–Li debris. The relationships between mechanical response and fracture characteristics are also discussed.     

中等应变率下单向玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的剪切本构关系

采用真空辅助成型工艺制备单向玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基的[±45°]_8s复合材料试样,通过专用试验设备开展恒定应变率下的面内剪切性能研究,应变率范围为3×10^-4~128.4 s^-1。以Khan-Huang本构关系模型表达形式为基础,考虑应变率效应,建立了一种单向玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料在中等应变率下的剪切本构模型,通过最小二乘法和遗传算法获得了最优本构参数。结果表明,单向玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料的剪切性能具有应变率敏感性,剪切强度随着应变率的提高逐渐增大,在128.4s^-1时极限强度提高了35.5%。建立的本构关系模型能够准确反映剪切性能与应变率的关系,可用于中等应变率条件下的剪切性能预测。     

High strain rate superplasticity of hot extruded and hot rolled AA 6013/20 vol.-%SiCp composite

Abstract

High strain rate superplasticity(HSRS)of an AA 6013/20SiC_pcomposite, produced by powder metallurgy and then hot extruded or hotrolled, was evaluated by means of tensile tests carried out over a range of initial strain rates from 1 × 102 to 3.8 × 10^-1 s^-1 and temperatures from 520 to 590 ° C. A maximum elongation to failure of 370% was achieved in a hot rolled composite deformed at 1 × 10^-1 s^-1 and 560 ° C. Substantially lower elongations were achieved in hot extruded composites, with a maximumof200% at1 × 10^-2 s ^-1 and 580 ° C. The lower elongations in the hot extruded composite could be related to the large quantity of intermetallic compounds, shown by TEM analyses, which probably hinder large superplastic elongations. In both hot extruded and hot rolled composite, the flow stress was strongly dependenton temperature and strain rate; a steady state flow stress region was observed in the specimen that exhibited the maximum elongation to failure. The strain rate sensitivity index m reached a maximum ofabout 0.4 for the hot rolled composite, and about 0.35 for the hot extruded composite. Analyses of the fracture surfaces of hot rolled composite deformed at the maximum elongation, were characterised by the presence of many filaments or 'whiskers', which are generally considered as evidence of a liquid phase present at grain boundaries or interfaces.     

High strain rate superplasticity of TiNP/2014Al composite

Superplasticity of the TiN_p/2014AI composite prepared by powder metallurgy method was investigated by tensile tests conducted at different temperatures (773, 798, 818 and 838 K) with different strain rates range from 1·7×10° to 1·7×10^?3s^?1. Results show that a maximum elongation of 351% is achieved at 818 K and 3·3·10^?1s^?1. At different deformation temperatures, the curves of m value can be divided into two stages with the variation of strain rate and the critical strain rate is 10^?1 s^?1. Superplastic deformation activation energy in the TiN_p/2014AI composite is 417 kJ mol^?1, which is related to liquid phase formation at triple points of grain boundaries and interfaces between the matrix and the reinforcement. Superplastic deformation mechanism of the TiN_p/2014AI composite is grain boundary sliding accommodate mechanism when the strain rate is lower than 10^?1 s^?1, and transfers to grain boundary sliding accommodation mechanism plus liquid phase helper accommodation mechanism when the strain rate is higher than 10^?1 s^?1