FLDA方法在单样本人脸识别中的应用研究

在人脸识别应用中,当每个人有多个训练样本(MSPP)时,Fisher线性判别分析(FLDA)方法可以很好地用于特征提取.然而,当每个人只有一个训练样本(SSPP)时,因为类内散布矩阵为零矩阵,所以FLDA方法将不能使用.为了解决该问题,提出了一种比较新颖的方法来估计类内散布矩阵,借助于奇异值分解(SVD)方法,先将人脸图像分解成两部分,然后分别估计出类内散布矩阵及类间散布矩阵,使FLDA方法能够得到有效的应用.在ORL及Yale上的实验表明了提出的方法比现有的许多方法取得了更好的识别效果.     

自适应判别分析在单样本人脸识别中的研究

在每个人只有单个样本(Single Sample per Person,SSPP)的情况下,很多人脸识别方法将不能很好地工作,因为它们需要每人有一个以上的样本来估计类内散布矩阵。为了解决这个问题,提出了一种自适应判别分析(Adaptive Discriminant Analysis,ADA)方法,借助于一个每人多样本的通用训练集,推断出每个对象的类内散布矩阵,然后再运用传统的经典方法进行特征提取。最后,在FERET及Yale两大通用人脸数据库上运用KNN及Lasso回归两种分类器对所提方法进行了实验,实验结果表明,与几种先进的方法相比较,ADA在处理SSPP问题上取得了更好的效果。     

基于判别性降维的字典学习在人脸识别中的应用

针对目前大多数人脸识别方法只能单独实施降维或者字典学习而不能完全利用训练样本判别信息的问题,提出了基于判别性降维的字典学习方法,通过联合降维与字典学习使得投影矩阵和字典更好地相互拟合,从而可以获得更高效的人脸分类系统。所提方法的有效性在AR及MPIE两大通用人脸数据库上得到了验证,实验结果表明,相比于几种先进的线性表示方法,所提算法取得了更高的识别率,特别当训练样本数很少的时候,识别效果更佳。     

融合奇异值分解和线性鉴别分析的人脸识别算法

本文提出了奇异值分解（SVD）和线性鉴别分析（LDA）相结合的人脸识别算法。理论上，当两种数据或分类器具有一定的独立性或互补性时，数据融合或分类器融合才能改善识别率。SVD和LDA之间有着明显的互补之处，LDA在fisher准则下能最大限度地把不同的类别区分开来，但作为一种子空间方法，LDA敏感于位移、旋转等几何变换。而作为一种代数特征提取方法的SVD则具有位移、旋转不变性等优点。因此，将这两种方法相结合就有可能提高分类性能（好于单独的SVD方法和单独的LDA方法）。在ORL数据库上的实验表明，SVD和LDA相融合的识别方法的确提高了人脸识别率。     

Sparse representation for face recognition by discriminative low-rank matrix recovery

This paper proposes a discriminative low-rank representation (DLRR) method for face recognition in which both the training and test samples are corrupted owing to variations in occlusion and disguise. The proposed method extends the sparse representation-based classification algorithm by incorporating the low-rank structure of data representation. The DLRR algorithm recovers a clean dictionary with enhanced discrimination ability from the corrupted training samples for sparse representation. Simultaneously, it learns a low-rank projection matrix to correct corrupted test samples by projecting them onto their corresponding underlying subspaces. The dictionary elements from different classes are encouraged to be as independent as possible by regularizing the structural incoherence of the original training samples. This leads to a compact representation of a corrected test sample by a linear combination of more dictionary elements from the corrected class. The experimental results on benchmark databases show the effectiveness and robustness of our face recognition technique.     

Face Recognition Using Dense SIFT Feature Alignment

This paper addresses face recognition problem in a more challenging scenario where the training and test samples are both subject to the visual variations of poses,expressions and misalignments.We employ dense Scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) feature matching as a generic transformation to roughly align training sampies;and then identify input facial images via an improved sparse representation model based on the aligned training samples.Compared with previous methods,the extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for the task of face recognition on three benchmark datasets.     

Sparsity adaptive matching pursuit for face recognition

Sparse representation methods have exhibited promising performance for pattern recognition. However, these methods largely rely on the data sparsity available in advance and are usually sensitive to noise in the training samples. To solve these problems, this paper presents sparsity adaptive matching pursuit based sparse representation for face recognition (SAMPSR). This method adaptively explores the valid training samples that exactly represent the test via iterative updating. Next, the test samples are reconstructed via the valid training samples, and classification is performed subsequently. The two-phase strategy helps to improve the discriminating power of class probability distribution, and thus alleviates effect of the noise from the training samples to some extent and correctly performs classification. In addition, the method solves the sparse coefficient by comparing the residual between the test sample and the reconstructed sample instead of using the sparsity. A large number of experiments show that our method achieves promising performance.     

A dynamic constraint representation approach based on cross-domain dictionary learning for expression recognition

Facial expression recognition (FER) is an active research area that has attracted much attention from both academics and practitioners of different fields. In this paper, we investigate an interesting and challenging issue in FER, where the training and testing samples are from a cross-domain dictionary. In this context, the data and feature distribution are inconsistent, and thus most of the existing recognition methods may not perform well. Given this, we propose an effective dynamic constraint representation approach based on cross-domain dictionary learning for expression recognition. The proposed approach aims to dynamically represent testing samples from source and target domains, thereby fully considering the feature elasticity in a cross-domain dictionary. We are therefore able to use the proposed approach to predict class information of unlabeled testing samples. Comprehensive experiments carried out using several public datasets confirm that the proposed approach is superior compared to some state-of-the-art methods.     

一种基于奇异值特征的神经网络人脸识别新途径

本文在Z Hong等人使用的奇异值分解(SVD)基础上,将人脸图像矩阵的奇异值作为识别特征,解决了奇异值处理、神经网络训练策略和竞争选择问题;运用BP网络进行识别,提出了一种基于奇异值特征的神经网络人脸识别新方法.基于ORL人脸数据库的多次反复实验结果表明,在大样本情况下,识别方法具有实现简单、识别速度快、识别率高的特点,为人脸的实时识别提供了一种新途径.     

基于LRC与多样本扩充的指静脉识别方法北大核心CSCD

针对目前手指静脉识别由于训练样本不足引起图像识别率低的问题,提出基于线性回归分类(linear regression classification,LRC)与多样本扩充的指静脉识别方法。首先,利用矩阵变换生成原始图像的镜像,训练原始图像与镜像,增加指静脉图像中包含的有用信息;然后,基于LRC对测试和训练样本进行分类;最后,通过计算偏差得到最终分类结果,求出识别率。此外,设计了一种指静脉采集装置收集得到自建指静脉数据库。实验结果表明:所提算法在自建指静脉数据库、山东大学指静脉数据库、马来西亚理工大学指静脉数据库上的识别率分别达到98.93%、98.89%、99.67%,最低等误率为2.3888%。实验结果与其他传统和流行算法相比具有明显优势,拥有良好的实际应用价值。     

Sparse representation for robust face recognition by dictionary decomposition

Sparse representation-based classification (SRC) method has gained great success in face recognition due to its encouraging and impressive performance. However, in SRC the data used to train or test are usually corrupted, and hence the performance is affected. This paper proposes a robust face recognition approach by means of learning a class-specific dictionary and a projection matrix. Firstly, the training data are decomposed into class-specific dictionary, non-class-specific dictionary, and sparse error matrix. Secondly, in order to correct the corrupted test data, the data are projected onto their corresponding underlying subspace, and a projection matrix between the original training data and the class-specific dictionary is learned. Then, the features of the class-specific dictionary and the corrected test data are extracted by using Eigenface method. Finally, the SRC is performed to classify. Extensive experiments conducted on publicly available data sets show that the proposed algorithm performs better than some state-of-the-art methods.     

混合样本协同表示算法的人脸识别研究

在人脸识别中,人脸图像受到表情、光照、遮挡、姿态变化、特别是训练样本数量的影响,而现实中经常只获得少量的训练样本,由于原始样本生成虚拟样本可以增加训练样本的数量,分析提出原始样本与轴对称样本融合的协同表示算法。首先生成镜像样本与轴对称样本,再在协同表示分类器下分类,最后加权值融合,分析不同权值下的人脸识别率。实验结果显示原始样本、镜像样本与轴对称样本融合能提高识别率,而原始样本与轴对称样本融合的识别率更加优越,较原始样本,识别率提高2%~9%,比原始样本与镜像样本融合高1%~5%。结果表明本文提出方法能有效提高人脸识别率。     

二代证人脸识别的多姿态虚拟样本生成方法

使用第二代身份证照片作为训练样本进行人脸识别属于典型的单样本问题,由于没有充分数量的训练样本,会造成常规的人脸识别算法识别率低下。甚至无效的问题。为此采用虚拟样本生成方法,并针对遇到姿态变化较复杂的人脸时,识别率不高的问题,提出了一种新的多姿态的虚拟样本生成方法,通过模拟人脸侧向旋转、俯仰和立体旋转等增加有效的训练样本。再使用鲁棒性较好的HMM进行人脸识别。在自建的身份证人脸库上进行测试,实验结果显示．该方法在一定程度上减弱了人脸姿态的变化对识别率的影响,并取得了较好的识别效果。     

自适应通用学习框架改进FLDA的人脸识别

针对传统的Fisher线性判别分析(FLDA)算法在处理单训练样本人脸识别时由于类内散布矩阵为零而不能进行特征提取的问题,提出了一种基于自适应通用学习框架改进FLDA的人脸识别算法。首先选取一个合适的通用训练样本集,计算其类内散布矩阵和样本平均向量;然后,利用双线性表示算法预测单训练样本的类内、类间散布矩阵,巧妙地解决了单训练样本类内散布矩阵为零的问题;最后,利用Fisher线性判别分析进行特征提取,同时借助于最近邻分类器完成人脸的识别。在Yale及FERET两大通用人脸数据库上的实验验证了所提算法的有效性及可靠性,实验结果表明,相比其他几种较为先进的单样本人脸识别算法,所提算法取得了更好的识别效果。     

融合奇异值分解和主分量分析的人脸识别算法

提出了奇异值分解(SVD)和主分量分析(PCA)相结合的人脸识别算法。理论上,当两种数据或分类器具有一定的独立性或互补性时,数据融合或分类器融合才能改善识别率。SVD和PCA之间有着明显的互补之处。PCA在图像表示上是最佳的(在均方差意义上),但敏感于位移、旋转等几何变换。而SVD则具有位移、旋转不变性。因此,将这两种方法相结合就有可能提高分类性能(好于单独的SVD方法和单独的PCA方法)。在ORL数据库上的实验表明,SVD和PCA相融合的识别方法的确提高了人脸识别率。     

基于双向主成分分析和压缩感知的人脸识别算法

提出了一种双向主成分分析(BD-PCA)与基于光滑l₀范数(SL0)相结合的人脸识别算法(BP-SL0)。首先利用BD-PCA对所有的训练图像降维,然后将降维后的人脸图像按列拉伸成一个向量,并将其组成字典矩阵,同时对待测试图像进行相同处理,最终通过SL0算法求解优化问题。实验结果表明,该算法获得了较高的识别率和重建效果,且效果优于单独使用BD-PCA和SL0算法。     

Face recognition using position-dictionaries and region covariance feature

In this paper, a new sparsity formulation called position-dictionary based sparse representation is developed for frontal face recognition. Different from the sparse representation based classification (SRC) method and the Gabor-feature based SRC (GSRC) method which both employ a global dictionary to decompose image patches, the proposed method constructs a position-dictionary for each location using training patches in the corresponding location since they resemble each other and are more likely to favor the same atoms. Sparse coefficients of each position-patch can be obtained by solving an \(l_{1}\) -norm minimization problem. For each face image, sparse coefficients of position-patches are pooled to construct a discriminative upper level feature to represent face image. PCA is used to perform dimension reduction. Each testing sample is represented as a sparse linear combination of all training samples, and recognition is accomplished by evaluating which class of training samples leads to the minimum reconstruction error. We compared the proposed method with SRC and GSRC method on three benchmark face databases. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves higher recognition rates and is robust to a certain degree of occlusions.     

基于低秩特征脸与协同表示的人脸识别算法

在人脸识别中,人脸图像往往受到表情、光照、遮挡、姿态变化的影响,对此本文提出一种基于低秩特征脸与协同表示的人脸识别算法。该算法先用低秩矩阵恢复算法分解出训练样本图像的误差图像,再分别对训练样本与误差图像提取特征构造特征字典,计算测试样本图像特征字典下的协同表示系数,最后通过重构误差进行分类。通过AR和ORL人脸库进行实验,结果表明,本文提出的人脸识别算法的识别率、识别速率得到有效提高。     

Supervised within-class-similar discriminative dictionary learning for face recognition

The current study puts forward a supervised within-class-similar discriminative dictionary learning (SCDDL) algorithm for face recognition. Some popular discriminative dictionary learning schemes for recognition tasks always incorporate the linear classification error term into the objective function or make some discriminative restrictions on representation coefficients. In the presented SCDDL algorithm, we propose to directly restrict the representation coefficients to be similar within the same class and simultaneously include the linear classification error term in the supervised dictionary learning scheme to derive a more discriminative dictionary for face recognition. The experimental results on three large well-known face databases suggest that our approach can enhance the fisher ratio of representation coefficients when compared with several dictionary learning algorithms that incorporate linear classifiers. In addition, the learned discriminative dictionary, the large fisher ratio of representation coefficients and the simultaneously learned classifier can improve the recognition rate compared with some state-of-the-art dictionary learning algorithms.     

Discriminative dictionary learning algorithm based on sample diversity and locality of atoms for face recognition

Dictionary learning is one of the most important algorithms for face recognition. However, many dictionary learning algorithms for face recognition have the problems of small sample and weak discriminability. In this paper, a novel discriminative dictionary learning algorithm based on sample diversity and locality of atoms is proposed to solve the problems. The rational sample diversity is implemented by alternative samples and new error model to alleviate the small sample size problem. Moreover, locality can leads to sparsity and strong discriminability. In this paper, to enhance the dictionary discrimination and to reduce the influence of noise, the graph Laplacian matrix of atoms is used to keep the local information of the data. At the same, the relational theory is presented. A large number of experiments prove that the proposed algorithm can achieve more high performance than some state-of-the-art algorithms.