Effect of silica fume and steel fibers on some properties of high-strength concrete

The main disadvantage of high-strength concrete is its highly brittle behavior and this can beovercome by adding fibers to the concrete. This would also improve some other mechanical properties of high-strength concrete such as tensile strength and compressive strength. These properties are not very well established for high-strength steel-fiber reinforced concrete (HSFRC) yet. In this study the influence of silica fume on the properties of HSFRC were investigated by using silica fume of two different percentages and three different hooked-end fibers namely, 30/0.50, 60/0.80 and 50/0.60 length/diameter (mm/mm). Fibers were added to concrete in three different volume percentages of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 by volume of concrete. The results indicated that there is a linear function between splitting tensile strength (F_splt) and volume percentage of fibers (V_f) [i.e. F_plt = A(V_f) + B, where A and B are correlation coefficients] as well as between splitting tensile strength (F_splt) and compressive strength (F_c) of plain series A concrete [i.e. F_splt = C (√F_c) + D, where C and D are correlation coefficients]. These relations can describe the development of splitting tensile strength of HSFRC containing no silica fume, 5% silica fume and 10% silica fume by weight of cement. On the other hand, although silica fume has an effect on compressive strength, volume percentage and aspect ratio of steel fibers has little effect.     

Mechanical properties and microstructure of multilayer graphene oxide cement mortar

This study reports on the effects of multilayer graphene oxide (MGO) on compressive strength, flexural strength, and microstructure of cement mortar. The cement mortar was prepared with type P. II. 52.5 Portland cement, standard sand, and MGO. Four mixes were prepared with inclusion of MGO (0%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06% by weight of cement). The testing result shows that the compressive of GO-cement mortar increased by 4.84%–13.42%, and the flexural strength increased by 4.37%–8.28% at 3 d. GO-cement mortar’s compressive strength and flexural strength at 7 d increased by 3.84%–12.08% and 2.54%–13.43%, respectively. MGO made little contribution to the increases of compressive strength and flexural strength of cement mortar at 28 d. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and nitrogen (N₂) adsorption/desorption tests show that the types of hydration products and crystal grain size did not change after adding MGO. Still, it can help to improve the microstructure of the cement mortar via regulating hydration products and can provide more condensed cores to accelerate hydration. Furthermore, the regulating action of MGO for the microstructure of cement mortar at an early age was better than that at 28 d.     

Petrography evidence of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) in the normal strength concrete containing granitic and limestone aggregates

Interfacial transition zone (ITZ) is one of the key factors that associated with concrete strength and durability and its characterization has been a crucial parameter in concrete technology. Many previous researchers have conducted various microstructure assessments to evaluate variations in the ITZ and consensually accept that this zone exhibits specific changes in mineralogy and microstructure. Although the previous studies had elaborated the nature of ITZ, but the role of aggregate variation in the development ITZ microstructure in normal strength concrete is still in conclusive. Consequently, in this paper, the ITZ in normal strength concrete has been examined more closely by using three different granitic aggregates and one limestone source. Collectively, this research provide some petrography evidence that in normal strength concrete with a water/cement (w/c) ratio of 0.5, the inclusion of different types of aggregate significantly affected the heterogeneity of the ITZ microstructure. Thus heterogeneity consequences are also verified by the semi-quantitative estimation such as the percentage fraction of porosity, hydrated/unhydrated cement grains, microhardness, orientation index of calcium hydroxide (CH) and thickness.     

水泥细度对混凝土强度与干燥收缩的影响

试验研究了水泥细度对混凝土28 d抗压强度与干燥收缩的影响。结果表明,其他条件一定时,水泥细度在297~400 m2/kg范围内,随水泥比表面积增加混凝土28d抗压强度及干缩呈增大趋势,但当水泥比表面积增加至450 m2/kg时,混凝土28 d强度发展受到影响,干缩反而减小;用同一细度水泥配制的混凝土,在同龄期内其干缩随着水灰比的增大而增大,水灰比对混凝土干缩的影响程度大于水泥细度。     

矿渣粉细度与颗粒级配对水泥砂浆性能的影响

主要讨论了不同细度的矿渣粉单掺及复掺后对水泥砂浆强度及微观结构的影响。研究表明,单掺矿渣粉时随矿渣比表面积的增加,砂浆的强度相应增加,但比表面积增加与强度的增加幅度之间并不是简单的线性关系,还得考虑粉体颗粒级配的影响。不同细度的矿渣粉复掺后具有一定的叠合效应,可以使水泥粉体内部颗粒级配趋于合理,从而使得水泥砂浆的强度提高,内部结构变得更加致密。     

Effect of palm oil fuel ash fineness on the microstructure of blended cement paste

This paper presents the effect of palm oil fuel ash fineness on the microstructure of blended cement paste. Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) was ground to two different finenesses. Coarse and high fineness palm oil fuel ash, with median particle sizes of 15.6 and 2.1 μm, respectively, were used to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at 0%, 20% and 40% by binder weight. A water to binder (W/B) ratio of 0.35 was used for all blended cement pastes. The amorphous ground palm oil fuel ash was characterized by the Rietveld method. The compressive strength, thermogravimetric analysis and pore size distribution of the blended cement pastes were investigated. The test results indicate that the ground palm oil fuel ash was an amorphous silica material. The compressive strengths of the blended cement pastes containing coarse POFA were as high as that of OPC cement paste. Blended cement paste with high fineness POFA had a higher compressive strength than that with coarse POFA. The blended cement pastes containing 20% of POFA with high fineness had the lowest total porosity. The Ca(OH)₂ contents of blended cement paste containing POFA decreased with increasing replacement of POFA and were lower than those of the OPC cement paste. In addition, the POFA fineness had an effect on the reduction rate of Ca(OH)₂. Furthermore, the critical pore size and average pore size of blended cement paste containing POFA were lower than those of the OPC cement paste. The incorporation of high fineness POFA decreased the critical pore size and the average pore size of blended cement paste as compared to that with coarse POFA.     

废瓷砖再生骨料与水泥石的界面特征

以废瓷砖再生骨料(CRA)100%替代原生碎石骨料(NCA),制备了废瓷砖再生骨料混凝土(CRAC),测试了其工作性及力学强度.采用化学结合水法、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及比表面积测试法(BET)等,研究了废瓷砖再生骨料-水泥石界面黏结强度、水化程度及显微结构,探讨其界面特征,并将其与原生碎石骨料(NCA)-水泥石界面相比较.结果表明:与原生碎石骨料相比,废瓷砖再生骨料具有表观密度较小、压碎指标较高及吸水率较大等特点;在相同配合比条件下,废瓷砖再生骨料混凝土具有更好的工作性和力学强度;在相同水灰比、相同龄期条件下,废瓷砖再生骨料-水泥石界面黏结强度较高,其界面区生成的水化产物较多、孔隙率更低、显微结构更加致密.     

尺寸效应对水泥净浆与粗骨料界面黏结性能的影响

分析了粗骨料的尺寸对混凝土过渡区界面黏结性能的影响,并通过劈裂抗拉试验、压剪试验获得了粗骨料和硬化水泥浆之间的劈裂抗拉强度及抗剪强度.结果表明:粗骨料的尺寸对界面过渡区的黏结性能有较大的影响,界面黏结强度随粗骨料尺寸的增大而减小;水灰比越低,界面黏结性能越好;粗骨料的类型对界面过渡区黏结性能也有较大性能的影响.     

Effects of fineness of cement on polynaphthalene sulfonate based superplasticizer–cement interaction

The effects of fineness of portland cement procured from six different Turkish cement plants, on superplasticizer/cement interaction were investigated. CEM I 42.5 type portland cements (PC) were ground into different finenesses ranging from 280 to 550 m²/kg Blaine values. The effects of PC fineness on initial fluidity and fluidity loss of superplasticized cement paste were evaluated. It was found that increasing the Blaine fineness of incompatible cement up to a certain level reduced the viscosity of cement pastes but had no marked effect on the yield stress of the paste mixtures. Nevertheless, flow loss and also saturation point at 60 min increased with increasing the cement fineness. In other words, pastes with lower viscosity can be produced by using finer cement and more superplasticizer.     

Effect of fineness of ash on pozzolanic properties and acid resistance of sugarcane bagasse ash replaced cement mortars

This paper addresses the potential use of Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) as a pozzolanic material for partial cement replacement in concrete mixtures. Cement mortars containing SCBA having five different particle size distributions at a replacement rate of 20% by weight were used to study the chemical and physical pozzolanic properties of SCBA. The durability of SCBA replaced mortars was also evaluated. SCBA with 0% retained on sieve No. 325 was used to replace 20% by weight of cement and create mortar specimens that were subjected to sulfuric acid attack of varying concentrations (1%−3% by weight of water). The tested samples were observed to check visual distortion, mass loss, and compressive strength loss at 1, 7, 14, 28, and 56 d of acidic exposure, and the results were compared to those for the control sample, that was lime water cured, at the same ages. The SCBA sets were found to meet the requirements for pozzolan class N specified by ASTM C 618. Mortars containing SCBA with 0% or 15% retention produced better compressive strength than the control mortars after 28 d. Additionally, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the SCBA had favorable chemical properties for a pozzolanic material. Furthermore, SCBA replaced samples at all ages showed improved resistance against acidic attack relative to that of the control mortars. Maximum deterioration was seen for 3% concentrated solution. This study’s findings demonstrated that SCBA with an appropriate fineness could be used as a pozzolanic material, consistently with ASTM C 618.     

风积砂混凝土基本力学性能及影响机理

以不同质量分数风积砂代替河砂配制风积砂混凝土,研究其基本力学性能和影响机理.用核磁共振（NMR）技术、CT切片法和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析混凝土内部孔隙演变特征、受荷面的初始损伤、界面过度区（ITZ）结构形态及水化产物微观形貌.基于美国ACI经验模型,构建了考虑砂子细度模数或者比表面积变化的抗压强度预测模型.结果表明：当风积砂掺量为20%时,混凝土力学性能最优;适量风积砂改善混凝土抗压强度的机理在于其优化了颗粒级配,改善了混凝土内部孔径分布范围及ITZ结构,减小了受荷面的初始损伤;建立的抗压强度预测模型与试验结果吻合度较高.     

工业废渣在复合水泥中的应用研究

试验利用矿渣、钢渣等工业废渣作为配制复合水泥的辅助性胶凝材料,研究了矿渣、钢渣细度和复合比例对复合水泥力学性能的影响,并从颗粒堆积和复合胶凝效应的角度探讨了工业废渣在复合水泥中的作用机理.试验结果表明:在矿渣与钢渣组成的复合体系中,矿渣细度决定了复合水泥的强度,矿渣越细,复合水泥强度越高;在辅助性胶凝材料掺量一定的情况...     

轻集料吸水率对轻集料水泥石界面区特性的影响

利用固体核磁共振硅谱(29Si NMR)和显微硬度计,定量表征了轻集料-水泥石界面区的水化程度、水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶聚合度和力学性能,研究了轻集料吸水率对轻集料-水泥石界面区力学性能和C-S-H凝胶微结构的影响规律,并以此验证了预湿轻集料的内养护效应.结果表明:轻集料-水泥石界面区的水化程度、C-S-H凝胶聚合度和显微硬度均高于水泥石基体;轻集料吸水率越大,轻集料-水泥石界面区的水化程度、C-S-H凝胶聚合度和显微硬度越高,预湿轻集料的内养护作用越明显.     

谈硅酸盐水泥的强度

简要阐述了水泥强度的产生与发展,从熟料的矿物组成、水泥细度、施工条件三方面分析了影响硅酸盐水泥强度的因素,指出只有严格控制这些因素,才能保证水泥强度符合有关标准规定。     

白云石对硫氧镁水泥的物相、结构及性能影响

硫氧镁(MOS)水泥具有防火、保温及对钢材无腐蚀性等特点,被广泛应用于防火板材、防火门芯及外墙保温材料等,但传统MOS水泥未经改性而强度低、耐水性能差.本文采用白云石对其进行改性,研究白云石粉的不同含量对MOS水泥的物相组成、凝结时间、力学性能及微观形貌的影响.结果表明,当白云石粉含量达到30％时,XRD分析显示MOS...     

粉煤灰粒度分布对其胶砂性能的影响

用Malvern MS2000激光粒度仪测定了几种不同细度粉煤灰的粒度分布,以灰色关联方法分析了粉煤灰粒度分布与相应粉煤灰-水泥胶砂力学性能之间的相关性,并分析了不同细度粉煤灰对其胶砂的强度、流动度等技术性能的影响。研究表明:粉煤灰粒度分布明显影响其胶砂力学性能;分布在0～20μm粒径范围内的颗粒对胶砂力学性能有积极贡献,其中,尤以10～20μm的颗粒贡献最大,而大于20μm的颗粒对胶砂力学性能起削弱作用;当比表面积不超过600m2/kg时,增加粉煤灰的细度可以提高胶凝材料体系的流动性;在胶凝材料体系中掺粉煤灰时应使用高效减水剂,且随水胶比的减小,减水剂用量也要增大以满足流动性的要求;掺粉煤灰的胶砂可在减少减水剂掺量的情况下,达到与基准胶砂相同的流动度;随水胶比的降低,胶砂强度呈增高趋势。     

淋滤条件下水泥固化铅污染高岭土的强度及 微观特性的研究

通过半动态淋滤试验,研究淋滤液初始pH=2,4,7时水泥固化铅污染土的强度、微观和钙溶出特性。无侧限抗压强度试验及钙溶出率（CFR_Ca）结果表明：半动态淋滤试验使试样无侧限抗压强度（q_u）较标准养护39 d试样降低了1%～42%；淋滤液初始pH=2时,CFR_Ca为pH=4或7时的2～7倍,而pH=4与7时q_u及CFR_Ca差别均不明显；水泥掺量由12%提高到18%时,q_u增大了35%～98%,CFR_Ca降低了40%～58%；固化铅污染土较固化未污染土,其q_u小50%～68%,而CFR_Ca大29%～175%。试样无侧限抗压强度比q_r（淋滤后试样q_u/标准养护39 d试样q_u）与CFR_Ca在双对数坐标下呈现良好线性关系：随CFR_Ca增大,q_r减小,说明钙的溶出是控制固化污染土/未污染土强度的主要因素之一。X射线衍射、扫描电镜及压汞试验结果表明,高浓度铅抑制水泥水化/火山灰反应,固化铅污染土与固化未污染土孔隙分布分别呈单峰和双峰特征,固化铅污染土中铅形成Si-O-Pb结合体、PbAl₂O₄、CaPbO₃等沉淀是铅固化稳定化的主要机理之一。     

Mineralogy of plain Portland and blended cement pastes

The compressive strength and microstructure of blended cement was investigated in this study. The hydration products of cements were identified by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polarising microscopy (thin section). Results indicated that the blended cement required pozzolanic activity in addition to its cementing property with the addition of 30% material. Aggregations of belite grains were observed which were surrounded by alite. Blended cement exhibited high early-term strength. However, its 3d-age strength is lower than ordinary Portland cement. On the other hand, all blended cement mortars fulfil the compressive strength requirements of TS 24. Hence, it can be said that blended cement can achieve adequate early compressive strength. A reduction in the amount of CSH gel and the porosity of the matrix in mortars were found to be responsible for the poor compressive strength of the cement paste in early the age.     

胶粉对砂浆抗折抗压性能的影响

探讨了废旧轮胎胶粉的细度和掺量对水泥砂浆抗折抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明：胶粉的掺入会降低水泥砂浆的抗折抗压强度并随胶粉掺量的加大而减小。在等掺量的条件下,胶粉越细,砂浆的抗折抗压强度越低。     

Effects of fiber curvature on the microstructure of the interfacial transition zone in fresh concrete

The study on the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) of concrete has received lots of attention in the last decade. However, no information is available on the influence of the curvature of a rigid surface on the microstructure of ITZ. This paper employed computer simulation technology to study the influence of fiber curvature on the initial microstructure of ITZ in concrete. For the sake of simplification, the investigation was first focused on the mono-size spherical particle packing system around a cylindrical fiber with different diameters. An algorithm of serial cylindrical sectioning was developed. The curve of the solid volume fraction versus the distance to the surface of the fiber was used as a parameter to characterize the microstructure of the ITZ. Then, the influence of the ratio of fiber diameter to particle diameter on the initial ITZ’s microstructure was studied. These curves were compared with the ones from flat aggregate surface on which mono-size spherical particles were packed. Furthermore, the multi-size spherical particles system was further investigated. The simulation results demonstrate that no matter whether the spherical particle system is mono-size or multi-size, the fresh ITZ’s microstructure is irrelevant to the curvature of the fiber. The shape of the curve of solid volume fraction versus the distance from the surface of the fiber is similar to that around a flat aggregate surface. In all cases, the horizontal coordinates of the first peak of the curves are located at around half the mean weight diameter of the particles. The thickness of ITZ reduces slightly with the decrease in water/cement ratio. Therefore, one may use the ITZ’s microstructure around a flat aggregate surface to represent the ITZ’s microstructure around a cylindrical fiber in the fresh state, and vice versa. Translated from Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society, 2005, 33(4): 484–491 [译自: 硅酸盐学报]