改性乳清蛋白对低脂Mozzarella干酪品质的影响

将自制脂肪替代品-改性乳清蛋白加入到经标准化的牛奶中,采用无盐渍新工艺方法代替传统方法制作低脂Mozzarella干酪,通过干酪品质测定,确定改性乳清蛋白的最适添加量以及对低脂Mozzarella干酪品质的影响.结果表明:脂肪替代品的最适添加量为1.5%.与全脂组相比.虽然低脂组在风味上存在-定差距.但可满足人们追求健康的现实需要,并且脂肪替代品的加入可增加干酪的亮度值.降低黄度值,对褐变性影响不大,但结构比较致密.     

不同乳酸菌对低脂Mozzarella干酪品质的影响

研究不同乳酸菌对低脂Mozzarella干酪品质的影响。采用无盐渍新工艺制作低脂Mozzarella干酪,经测定干酪的脂肪含量为9.85%。通过测定可溶性氮的指标、未融化干酪的质构特性、融化干酪的融化性和感官评定等对其进行研究。结果表明：低脂组的质构、融化性和风味均低于全脂组,但唾液链球菌嗜热亚种（ST）＋德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种（LB）＋干酪乳杆菌（LC）3 种乳酸菌组合制作的低脂Mozzarella干酪质构、融化性和风味等指标最接近全脂组。与生产Mozzarella干酪所用的传统乳酸菌组合（ST＋LB）相比,ST＋LB＋LC 3 种乳酸菌的组合,能有效地改善低脂Mozzarella干酪硬度大、融化性小、风味差的缺陷。     

低脂冰淇淋的性质研究

用籼米为基质的脂肪替代品替代冰淇淋配方中的部分脂肪开发了低脂冰淇淋；研究了低脂冰淇淋的膨胀率、抗融化能力、硬度、贮能模量和感官指标。结果表明：随着冰淇淋配方中脂肪含量减少，冰淇淋的膨胀率逐渐增加，抗融化能力略有下降，脂肪替代品能明显增加低脂冰淇淋的膨胀率并改善其抗融化性。低脂冰淇淋的硬度和G^＋下降。用模糊数学的方法评价了低脂冰淇淋的感官指标，发现低脂冰淇淋中脂肪的最佳含量为4％。脂肪替代品能明显改善低脂冰淇淋的感官品质。脂肪含量为4％的低脂冰淇淋的感官指标与中脂冰淇淋相当。     

超高压处理对低脂半硬质干酪质构与风味的影响研究

利用超高压处理制作好的低脂半硬质Bod Ljong干酪,研究超高压处理对干酪质构和风味的影响。超高压处理能增加干酪中水分,降低干酪硬度。通过SPME-GC-MS方法对干酪中的风味化合物进行分析,酯类化合物最多,但是对风味的改善作用有限。经过超高压处理后的低脂干酪入口后细腻爽滑,有轻微的颗粒感。     

低脂低钠肉类制品的研究进展

综述了脂肪、钠盐替代物的种类、特点和最新研究进展,论述了脂肪、钠盐替代品应用在低脂、低钠肉制品中对制品外观、质构、口感和风味等的影响作用,以期为低脂、低钠肉制品研究开发提供参考。     

低脂再制和模拟干酪中脂肪替代物——麦芽糖醇的应用研究

目的:研究麦芽糖醇在低脂干酪中作为脂肪替代物的应用潜力,探究其对低脂再制马苏里拉干酪和低脂模拟干酪的功能特性及微观结构的影响。方法:通过测定由不同含量的麦芽糖醇(0%,1%,2%,3%)制成的低脂再制马苏里拉干酪和低脂模拟干酪的基本组分、质构特性、功能特性、微观结构及疏水作用力,研究不同添加量麦芽糖醇对上述干酪的影响。结论:麦芽糖醇作为脂肪替代物效果较好,能够提高酪蛋白分子间疏水作用力,降低干酪硬度,改善低脂干酪的功能特性。本研究表明麦芽糖醇可作为一种良好的脂肪替代物应用于低脂干酪。     

脂肪替代品在烘焙行业中的研究进展

用脂肪替代品替代烘焙产品中的脂肪,可维持食物本身的美味且减少脂肪含量,有利于消费者的健康,具有广阔的市场前景。为了给脂肪替代品在烘焙行业中的应用提供更多的理论支持,该文讨论了脂肪的形式及其在烘焙产品质构和感官品质方面的作用,并从脂肪替代物(olestra和salatrim)、脂肪模拟物(淀粉、改性淀粉、麦芽糖糊精、聚葡萄糖、胶体、纤维素和蛋白质)和复合型脂肪替代物3个方面对国内外低脂烘焙产品特点以及应用进行总结分析,最后对烘焙产品中脂肪替代品的发展方向进行了展望。     

亲水胶体改善低脂乳化肉糜制品品质的研究进展

动物脂肪对乳化肉糜制品的多汁性以及风味起着重要作用,但是其含有大量的饱和脂肪酸和胆固醇,过量摄入会对人体造成潜在的危害。然而,单纯地降低乳化肉糜制品中的脂肪含量会对产品的品质产生负面影响。因此,如何降低乳化肉糜制品中的脂肪含量并改善产品的品质已经成为肉类工业中亟待解决的问题。不同来源（植物源、动物源、微生物源以及合成）的亲水胶体因其良好的增稠、凝胶、稳定、保水以及乳化能力,可以在一定程度上赋予低脂产品润滑、醇厚的口感来达到降低乳化肉糜制品的脂肪含量并改善最终产品的品质特性的目的。因此,本文全面综述了亲水胶体改善低脂乳化肉糜制品品质的机制,以及不同来源的亲水胶体改善低脂乳化肉糜制品品质特性的应用情况,为生产新型健康的低脂乳化肉糜制品提供理论依据。     

发酵剂对双蛋白干酪理化特性及风味的影响

在牛乳和添加豆乳(质量分数10%)的牛乳中分别使用筛选发酵剂与商品发酵剂进行切达干酪生产,并对成熟干酪的理化成分、质地、风味成分和感官特性进行分析。结果表明,豆乳的添加对干酪的质地、风味和感官特性均无不良影响,而应用筛选发酵剂L. lactis subsp. cremoris QH27-1和L. lactis subsp. lactis XZ3303生产双蛋白切达干酪对干酪的品质有一定的改善作用,可将其应用于双蛋白干酪生产中。     

低脂Mozzarella干酪品质的研究

通过设定不同脂肪含量,研究低脂Mozzarella干酪的蛋白水解、TPA质构、功能特性和微观结构.结果表明,低脂Mozzarella干酪的各个指标较全脂Mozzarella干酪均有所降低.其中,脱脂Mozzarella干酪的品质明显降低,接受性差;中脂Mozzarella干酪品质接近于全脂Mozzarella干酪,部分脱脂Mozzarella干酪介于脱脂和中脂Mozzarella干酪之间,具有可接受性.     

Fat Mimetics in Low-Fat Cheddar Cheese

Cheeses with 60% reduced fat content were prepared with three commercial fat mimetics. Low-fat cheeses without added fat mimetics and full-fat cheeses were prepared as controls. Cheeses were aged 3 months prior to sensory and instrumental evaluation. A low-fat cheese containing one of the fat mimetics received the highest texture scores from dairy judges and consumer panelists (P≤0.05). The low-fat control and another cheese with a fat mimetic received higher flavor scores from the trained dairy judges and consumer panelists than the other cheeses containing fat mimetics (P≤0.05). Low-fat cheeses containing fat mimetics were less rubbery than the low-fat control cheese (P≤0.05).     

乳酸菌胞外多糖对低脂Mozzarella奶酪质构、微观结构等品质的影响

目的 研究乳酸菌胞外多糖对低脂Mozzarella奶酪质构等品质特性的影响。方法 在脱除50%乳脂肪的原料中加入0.5%乳酸菌胞外多糖制作低脂Mozzarella奶酪, 同时以全脂Mozzarella奶酪和低脂Mozzarella奶酪为对照, 对Mozzarella奶酪成熟过程中的硬度、弹性、胶黏性、咀嚼性、融化性、油脂析出性、微观结构及感官评分等指标进行分析。结果 0.5%乳酸菌胞外多糖提高了低脂Mozzarella奶酪的水分含量、出品率, 改善了低脂Mozzarella奶酪致密的结构, 形成了类似全脂Mozzarella奶酪疏松、光滑的组织结构, 降低了低脂Mozzarella奶酪的硬度、胶黏性和咀嚼性, 提高了弹性、融化化性和油脂析出, 成熟90 d加入多糖低脂Mozzarella奶酪的滋味和气味、组织状态、色泽接近全脂Mozzarella奶酪。结论 乳酸菌胞外多糖可以提高低脂Mozzarella奶酪的水分含量和出品率, 改善低脂Mozzarella奶酪的组织结构和质构特性。     

脂肪替代物在肉制品中应用研究进展

近几年人们对于肉制品的摄入量逐渐增加,而传统肉制品中较高的脂肪含量给人们带来了很多慢性疾病。由于脂肪替代物在肉制品中的应用可有效降低脂肪的摄入,且能预防高脂膳食所引起的一系列疾病,弥补脂肪的减少给肉制品所带来的口味上的损失,因此低脂肉制品的研究势在必行。本文基于国内外脂肪替代物的发展现状,从单一型脂肪替代物(蛋白质类、碳水化合物类、脂质类)和复合型脂肪替代物(由不同基质来源物按照一定比例结合在一起协同发挥脂肪替代作用的混合物)2个方面阐述了各自对于低脂肉制品的感官特性和质构特性影响的研究进展还有脂肪替代物应用中存在的问题,并对脂肪替代物发展方向做出了展望,以期为低脂肉制品的研发提供一定的参考。     

The technology of low-fat cheese manufacture

Growth in the low-fat cheese market has been slower than would be anticipated on the basis of increased consumer awareness of dietary fat intake. Consumer dissatisfaction with the quality of first-generation low-fat products has highlighted the need for improved technology. Significant advances in understanding the biochemical and physicochemical characteristics of low-fat variants in the past decade have led to novel technological developments. Approaches that have the potential to improve the flavour, texture and functionality of reduced- and low-fat cheese are reviewed here. Topics include the control of processing variables, the selection of appropriate starter and adjunct bacteria, and the use of fat mimetics to improve texture. Factors influencing flavour and texture development in low-fat variants are also considered.     

Influence of fat replacers on chemical composition, proteolysis, texture profiles, meltability and sensory properties of low-fat Kashar cheese

Changes in chemical composition, proteolysis, lipolysis, texture, melting and sensory properties of low-fat Kashar cheese made with three different fat replacers (Simplesse D-100, Avicel Plus CM 2159 or beta-glucan) were investigated throughout ripening. The low-fat cheeses made with fat replacers were compared with full- and low-fat counterparts as controls. Reduction of fat caused increases in moisture and protein contents and decreases in moisture-in-non fat substance and yield values in low-fat cheeses. The use of fat replacers in the manufacture of low-fat Kashar cheese increased water binding capacity and improved overall quality of the cheeses. Use of fat replacer in low-fat cheese making has enhanced cheese proteolysis. All samples underwent lipolysis during ripening and low-fat cheeses with fat replacers had higher level of total free fatty acid than full- or low-fat control cheeses. Texture attributes and meltability significantly increased with addition of fat replacers. Sensory scores showed that the full-fat cheese was awarded best in all stages of ripening and low-fat variant of Kashar cheeses have inferior quality. However, fat replacers except beta-glucan improved the appearance, texture and flavour attributes of low-fat cheeses. When the fat replacers are compared, the low-fat cheese with Avicel Plus CM 2159 was highly acceptable and had sensory attributes closest to full-fat Kashar cheese.     

Effect of cream homogenization on textural characteristics of low-fat Iranian White cheese

The effects of cream homogenization of cheese making milk on textural and sensory characteristics of Iranian White cheese were studied. Cream was homogenized in a two-stage homogenizer at 6.0/2.5 or 9.0/2.5 MPa. Cheese samples were analyzed for rheological parameters (uniaxial compression and small amplitude oscillatory shear), meltability, microstructure, and sensory characteristics. Cream homogenization increased fat content leading to increased meltability. This effect increased as the homogenization pressure increased. The values of storage modulus, stress at fracture and Young's modulus of elasticity for cheeses from homogenized treatments were lower than those of unhomogenized cheese. Cream homogenization at 6.0/2.5 MPa effectively improved the textural, functional and sensory characteristics and enhanced the yield of low-fat Iranian White cheese. This cheese had the lowest values of storage modulus and stress at fracture, probably due to the high number of small, evenly dispersed fat globules in microstructure and especially its lower protein content. Cheeses with homogenized cream had improved texture, flavor and appearance.     

Flavour-enhancement of low-fat Kashkaval cheese using heat-or freeze-shocked Lactobacillus delbrueckii var. helveticus cultures

Kashkaval cheese of different fat contents was manufactured using heat- or freeze-shocked cultures of Lactobacillus delbrueckii var. helveticus added at a level of 2% to cheese milk prior to renneting. Levels of moisture, total N, salt or titratable acidity of cheeses with different fat levels were different. Proteolysis and lipolysis in low-fat Kashkaval cheese without additives were lower than those found in full-fat cheese. Incorporation of heat- or freeze-shocked L. delbrueckii var. helveticus cultures into milk of low-fat cheese greatly enhanced proteolysis and increased slightly the levels of free fatty acids. Regular low fat cheese did not develop adequate Kashkaval cheese flavour and the cheese was firm. However, addition of heat- or freeze-shocked cultures increased the flavour intensity and improved body and texture of the resultant cheese, yielding low-fat cheese with flavour intensity and body characteristics similar to those of standard fat cheese at each stage of ripening.