黑米对高脂膳食饲喂雄性小鼠抗氧化相关基因的调控

目的:研究黑米对高脂喂养小鼠血清、肝脏和脑组织抗氧化水平以及肝脏抗氧化相关基因表达的影响。方法以喂养高脂高胆固醇膳食的雄性C57BL/6J小鼠为动物模型随机分为四组,每组12只,以高脂高胆固醇膳食组为对照组(C组,52.6 g玉米淀粉/100 g粮)、三个实验组分别在小鼠高脂饲料中补充白米(C+W组,52.6 g白米/100 g粮)和黑米(C+BL,26.3 g黑米/100 g粮和C+BH,52.6 g黑米/100 g粮)。8周后收集血液及组织进行检测,测定血清、肝脏和脑组织中总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和丙二醛含量(MDA)水平以及肝脏抗氧化相关基因SOD、CAT、GSH-Px、HO-1、NF2L2等的mRNA表达。结果:白米组(C+W)血清、肝脏及脑中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性和MDA含量较高脂对照组无统计学差异,C+BL组(P<0.05)和C+BH组(P<0.01)血清中SOD酶活力较对照组升高,且C+BH组MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05);与高脂组相比,黑米实验组(C+BL和C+BH)肝脏中SOD酶活性显著升高(P<0.05),C+BH组MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05);C+BH组脑中GSH-Px酶活性与高脂组相比显著升高(P<0.05),C+BL组(P<0.05)和C+BH组(P<0.01)脑中SOD酶活较对照组升高,C+BH组MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。RT-PCR结果显示,与高脂组相比,黑米添加组(C+BL和C+BH)SOD2、CAT mRNA表达极显著上调(P<0.01),GSH-Px mRNA表达显著上调(P<0.01),C+BH组HO-1 mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:高脂膳食造成氧化应激,黑米膳食干预抗氧化可能是增加抗氧化酶的表达来减少氧化损伤。     

恭城油茶改善D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的认知障碍

研究恭城油茶对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠认知障碍的改善作用。将KM小鼠随机分为正常组、衰老模型组、Vc干预组（100 mg/kg）、恭城油茶干预组（750 mg/kg）。Morris水迷宫实验评价小鼠学习记忆能力;检测各组小鼠海马体和脑指数;比色法测定海马体、脑和肠道组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）和丙二醛（MDA）水平;取部分海马体和脑组织制备切片,观察其病理变化。结果发现,恭城油茶能显著升高衰老小鼠海马体指数（35.56%）和脑指数（42.16%）(P<0.05);增加平台象限游泳时间比例（20.44%）和平台象限游泳路程比例（16.10%）(P<0.05);提高海马体中GSH-Px(37.95%)、T-SOD(86.83%)、T-AOC活性（199.22%）(P<0.05),降低MDA含量（65.66%）(P<0.05);增加脑组织中GSH-Px(331.49%)和T-SOD活性（177.16%）(P<0.05);切片结果显示,恭城油茶可缓解衰老过程中脑部的损伤。综上,恭城油茶可通过减...     

亚麻籽油对肥胖小鼠视网膜的保护作用研究

为了研究亚麻籽油对肥胖小鼠视网膜的作用,将小鼠随机分为正常膳食组(标准鼠粮)、高脂膳食组(拌合猪油鼠粮),饲喂8周,分别检测体重及胰岛素抵抗情况,分析其肥胖性糖尿病诱发情况。将诱发成功的小鼠进一步分为两组,即高脂膳食组(拌合猪油鼠粮)及亚麻籽油组(拌合猪油+亚麻籽油鼠粮)。与正常膳食组同步再饲喂8周后,分别检测小鼠的体重、胰岛素抵抗情况,同时处死小鼠,取视网膜组织,以ELISA法检测其视网膜炎症因子IL-10及视网膜血管内皮生长因子VEGF水平。结果表明:连续饲喂8周后,高脂膳食组小鼠出现明显的肥胖、胰岛素抵抗症状,肥胖性糖尿病小鼠造模成功;此后再饲喂8周,相对高脂膳食组,亚麻籽油组小鼠肥胖状况未得到改善(P 0.05),但胰岛素抵抗状况明显改善(P 0.05),IL-10及VEGF水平明显降低(P 0.05)。研究结果说明含亚麻籽油的膳食饲喂可以改善高脂膳食引起的肥胖小鼠的视网膜损伤。     

月柿果醋改善D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠的学习记忆能力

探讨月柿果醋对D-半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠学习记忆能力的影响,并分析其主要成分。采用Morris水迷宫实验检测衰老小鼠的学习记忆能力,并测定小鼠脑组织总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性以及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明,月柿果醋中含有丰富的多糖、单宁和黄酮类物质,其中多糖含量为(2918.92±38.31) mg/100 mL,单宁含量为(29.60±0.52) mg/100 mL,黄酮含量为(0.75±0.00) mg/100 mL。高剂量的月柿果醋能够缩短衰老小鼠找到隐藏平台的时间(p<0.05)和增加衰老小鼠穿越平台次数;显著提高小鼠海马体中T-SOD酶活性(p<0.05)和T-AOC活力(p<0.05)以及小鼠大脑中GSH-Px酶活性(p<0.05);同时显著降低小鼠海马体和大脑中MDA含量(p<0.05)。因此,月柿果醋具有显著改善衰老模型小鼠学习记忆能力的作用,其作用机制可能与减少脑组织氧化损伤有关。     

白皮杉醇对阿尔茨海默病小鼠认知功能的改善作用

研究白皮杉醇对阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer''s disease, AD)小鼠认知障碍的改善作用。取72只雄性昆明小鼠,随机分为6组,每组12只,即正常对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组、白皮杉醇低、中、高剂量干预组。采用AlCl₃和D-半乳糖联合诱导的方法连续干预70d,建立阿尔茨海默病小鼠模型。在造模35d开始用白皮杉醇连续干预,5周后通过Morris水迷宫实验评价小鼠的空间学习记忆能力,通过酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测小鼠海马体中Aβ1-42及TNF-α蛋白表达水平、小鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和丙二醛(MDA)含量并结合相对脏器指数分析白皮杉醇对AD小鼠的保护效果。研究发现,与正常组比较,模型对照组小鼠逃避潜伏期显著性增加,记忆能力显著性降低,而白皮杉醇可有效提高模型小鼠认知行为和记忆能力(P<0.01);此外,与正常组比较,模型对照组小鼠脑组织中Aβ1-42水平及炎症因子TNF-α表达水平明显升高,小胶质细胞活化明显增加,而白皮杉醇干预组小鼠Aβ1-42、TNF-α及胶质细胞活化水平均显著降低(P<0.01)。进一步研究表明,白皮杉醇能有效提升小鼠血清SOD活力和GSH-Px水平,降低MDA含量,减轻氧化应激损伤。研究结果表明,白皮杉醇可以通过降低脑组织氧化应激及神经炎症反应,减少海马中β淀粉样蛋白的生成来改善阿尔茨海默病小鼠的认知功能障碍。     

抹竹膳食补充剂防护小鼠代谢综合征的试验研究

研究抹竹(源自竹叶的绿色微粉)作为膳食补充剂防治小鼠代谢综合症的作用及机制。将60只雄性C57小鼠随机分成6组,用高脂饲料造模并进行膳食干预,12周后测定体脂、血脂和血糖等多项指标,检测炎症因子、细胞因子及氧化应激水平,并对其肠道菌群进行分析。结果表明,饲料中添加2.5%苦竹-抹竹,对小鼠的体重控制效果最好,试验组较模型组下降10.9%(P<0.001),其次为等剂量的抹茶组(7.5%,P<0.001)。该剂量的苦竹-抹竹能显著抑制高脂饲料诱导的血脂和血糖异常,防止脂肪肝形成,使小鼠体内炎症因子水平显著下降(IL-6下降42%),瘦素和脂多糖水平显著降低(P<0.01),脂联素水平明显升高(P<0.01),肠道菌群保持良好的多样性。研究认为,抹竹通过降低机体氧化应激水平,抑制炎症因子分泌,改善肠道菌群结构等多种途径,有效防护了实验动物的代谢综合征。不同竹叶来源的抹竹中,苦竹效果好于冷箭竹,且2.5%的添加量优于5.0%。抹竹可望在人类社会不断高发的慢病防治中发挥积极作用。     

黑米通过上调高脂高胆固醇膳食饲喂饲雌性小鼠小肠ABCG5/8和ABCA1表达降低胆固醇水平

研究黑米对高脂高胆固醇膳食饲喂雌性小鼠血脂水平及小肠胆固醇代谢相关基因调控的影响。将48只雌性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分成高脂对照组和三个实验组(高脂饲料中添加白米和黑米代替玉米淀粉),测定血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平,气相色谱法检测肝脏中胆固醇含量,Real-time PCR法分析调控小肠胆固醇代谢相关基因HMG-Co A-R、MTP、ABCG5/8、ABCA1、NPC1L1等的m RNA表达水平。与高脂组相比,黑米组血清中TC和TG含量较对照组极显著降低,但白米组血清中TC、TG、HDL-C含量较对照组无统计学差异。与高脂组相比,白米组小鼠肝脏中胆固醇含量无显著变化,黑米低剂量组显著降低(P0.05),黑米高剂量组极显著降低(P0.01)。Real-time PCR结果显示,与高脂组相比,黑米添加组ABCG5、ABCA1 m RNA表达水平均显著上调(P0.01),MTP m RNA表达水平均显著下调(P0.05);黑米低剂量组ABCG8 m RNA表达水平显著升高(P0.05),高剂量组上调极显著(P0.01);黑米低剂量组NPC1L1 m RNA表达水平降低(P0.05),高剂量组下调极显著(P0.01);黑米高剂量组HMG-Co A-Rm RNA表达水平显著降低(P0.05)。结果表明,黑米对高脂高胆固醇膳食饲喂小鼠胆固醇代谢平衡的调节,可能是通过增加小肠中胆固醇排泄并抑制固醇的吸收实现的。     

魔芋甘露寡糖抗肥胖活性及机制

目的:探究魔芋甘露寡糖对高脂膳食诱发肥胖小鼠的抗肥胖和抗慢性炎症作用及分子机制。方法:将10周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分成7组,连续喂养12周后,检测其体质量、体脂、血脂及氧化应激指标水平,分析脂肪和肝脏组织脂质代谢相关指标和基因表达情况。结果:魔芋甘露寡糖能够有效降低高脂膳食小鼠体质量(约36.36%)、总体脂质量(约52.13%)和减轻血脂水平异常;显著降低炎症因子水平和增加抗氧化物酶活力(P0.05);显著减少脂肪细胞体积,抑制肝脏和脂肪组织脂代谢相关指标和基因的表达(P0.05)。结论:魔芋甘露寡糖对高脂膳食小鼠有抗肥胖作用,且能够抑制由肥胖诱发的慢性炎症和氧化应激,为其开发成为减肥和防控慢性疾病的功能性食品提供科学依据。     

DHA/EPA摄入比例对小鼠氧化应激和炎症的影响

目的:研究DHA/EPA比例对高脂膳食小鼠肝脏氧化应激和炎症因子表达的影响。方法:将40只雄性apo E-/-小鼠随机分为4组并给予高脂膳食,同时用葵花籽油、紫苏油、鱼油和藻油等调节膳食中n6/n3 PUFA的比例为4:1或DHA/EPA的比例(2:1、1:1和1:2)。12周后,用商业试剂盒或实时荧光定量PCR法检测小鼠血清或肝脏组织的氧化应激水平或炎症因子表达变化。结果:DHA/EPA替代植物来源的n3 PUFA-ALA并不能减少血清脂质过氧化产物MDA生成及提高血清和肝脏的SOD活性;与补充ALA相比,DHA/EPA为1:1时小鼠血清GSH含量显著升高(P0.05),DHA/EPA比例为1:1和1:2时小鼠肝脏的GSH水平显著升高(P0.05);DHA/EPA比例2:1可显著降低血清及肝脏的促炎因子表达。结论:在高脂膳食及膳食n6/n3 PUFA比例4:1的条件下,补充DHA/EPA比植物来源的ALA更能提高抗氧化能力和降低炎症水平,且当DHA/EPA比例1:1时抗氧化能力最好,而当DHA/EPA比例2:1时抗炎能力最强。     

原花青素对小鼠血脂代谢紊乱与肠道菌群干预的影响

目的:通过建立高脂膳食诱导小鼠血脂代谢紊乱模型,随后对小鼠进行原花青素B_2干预,评价原花青素B_2对高脂模型小鼠血脂代谢异常的干预作用,并从肠道菌群方面来探究原花青素B_2调节血脂代谢紊乱的机理。方法:将6周龄C57BL/6小鼠随机分为3组:对照组、高脂组、原花青素B_2干预组,饲养12周后测定脏器指数、血脂指标、肝组织酶活力以及肝和结肠组织抗氧化活性能力,运用Illumina高通量测序技术,探究原花青素B_2与高脂膳食小鼠肠道菌群之间的关系,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪检测高脂膳食小鼠粪便中短链脂肪酸含量变化情况。结果:原花青素B_2可以显著降低血中总胆固醇含量、甘油三酯含量和动脉粥样硬化指数(P0.05),显著提高肝组织脂蛋白酶活力、肝脂酶活力和总脂酶活力,并显著增强抗氧化活性,显著抑制氧化损伤产物丙二醛含量(P0.05),运用高通量测序技术从门与属分类水平分析差异菌群发现,原花青素B_2可以使高脂模型小鼠肠道菌群拟杆菌门/厚壁菌门比值上升,埃希氏菌-志贺氏杆菌(Escherichia-Shigella)、未分类拟杆菌(Bacteroidales_S24-7_group)、瘤胃球菌(Ruminococcaceae)、双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)、拟杆菌(Parabacteroides)等13种菌属丰度有显著性差异,与高脂组相比较,原花青素B_2组占优势的菌属有Romboutsia、毛螺旋菌属(Lachnospiraceae)和拟杆菌(Parabacteroides)等,原花青素B_2可以显著增加高脂膳食小鼠粪便中丁酸的含量(P0.05)。结论:原花青素B_2能够改善肠道环境,调节肠道菌群结构从而调节高脂膳食诱导的血脂代谢紊乱。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press