魔芋葡甘露聚糖的功能特性及应用研究进展

魔芋为天南星科魔芋属草本植物,富含魔芋葡甘露聚糖,其作为一种优质的膳食纤维备受关注。该文对魔芋葡甘露聚糖的化学特性、主要功能作用及其在食品、生物医药、环保和日化用品等领域的应用进行概述,并提出魔芋葡甘露聚糖未来发展前景,以期对魔芋葡甘露聚糖的进一步深入研究及应用提供思路。     

植物胶的特性及在食品工业中的应用

简要介绍了阿拉伯胶、魔芋胶、黄蓍胶、刺梧酮胶、罗望子胶、卡拉胶、瓜尔豆胶、刺槐豆胶和亚麻籽胶的特性及在食品工业中的应用,并指出亲水植物胶体作为优良的功能性配料和可溶性膳食纤维的良好来源,对其进行研究和应用开发,具有重要的实用价值。     

浅谈亲水胶体在饮料中的应用

亲水胶体的应用最早可追溯到古埃及,欧洲人很早就熟知“圣.约翰的面包”,即刺槐豆胶,我国晋朝就已开始种植魔芋,《蜀都赋》中有云“其圃则有蒟蒻”,“蒟蒻”即指魔芋（可用于生产亲水胶体魔芋胶）。随着社会生产的进步,越来越多亲水胶体被应用于食品和药品领域,迄今为止世界上可用于食品工业的亲水胶体已有40余种,其来源和分布非常广泛。     

不溶性膳食纤维的提取、表征及改性研究进展

合理摄入膳食纤维对机体健康至关重要。为了开发兼顾营养、感官与健康的膳食纤维强化食品,不溶性膳食纤维的分离提取与改性研究广受关注。大量研究运用物理作用力、化学反应或酶解等手段,对样品组成、结构以及性质进行改造,以强化其在食品加工与营养健康方面功能特性。改性产物作为添加成分对于食品的加工过程、产品品质及健康功效方面具有积极影响,有利于各类膳食纤维强化产品的开发。本文对近年来国内外文献报道的不溶性膳食纤维的提取、改性及应用相关研究成果进行梳理总结,以期为调控膳食纤维功能特性、开发高品质健康功能食品提供参考。     

麦麸膳食纤维的提取及在食品中的应用

膳食纤维作为“第七大营养素”对维护人体健康起着必不可少的作用,麦麸作为丰富且理想的谷物膳食纤维来源,已受到普遍关注与广泛研究利用。本文综述了麦麸膳食纤维的提取方法及食品应用研究进展,并对未来的研究与发展方向进行了展望,旨在为麦麸膳食纤维有针对性的开发利用提供借鉴与帮助。     

亲水胶体对面粉糊化特性和面条品质的影响

采用RVA快速黏度法、质构测定等方法研究瓜尔豆胶、魔芋胶、CMC和黄原胶4种亲水胶体对面粉糊化特性和面条品质的影响.结果表明,4种亲水胶体对面粉的糊化温度影响不显著;添加瓜尔豆胶、CMC和黄原胶面粉的峰值黏度、谷值黏度和最终黏度呈递增的趋势,添加魔芋胶的面粉的糊化性质变化不明显;添加魔芋胶和瓜尔豆胶面条的拉伸性能、切割性能呈递增的趋势;添加CMC和黄原胶面条的拉伸性能和切割性能先升高后降低;综合考虑各方面因素,4种亲水胶体均可用于面条的加工,适宜添加量为0.5%～1.0%.     

亲水胶体对石蒜淀粉糊特性的影响

为改善石蒜淀粉的加工品质特性,系统研究亲水胶体对石蒜淀粉溶胀能力、糊化特性、冻融稳定性及流变特性的影响。添加亲水胶体后,石蒜淀粉膨胀力均有所下降,除魔芋胶外,混合体系的溶解度均有所提高;亲水胶体有效抑制了淀粉的回生,使冻融稳定性增强,其中黄原胶效果较明显。糊化性质表明亲水胶体的加入使峰值时间和成糊温度升高,峰值黏度、崩解值和回生值降低,提高了石蒜淀粉的热稳定性和冷稳定性。静态流变实验结果表明：Herschel-Bulkley方程能很好拟合稳态流变曲线,加入亲水性胶体后体系仍为典型的假塑性流体,除阿拉伯胶外,其他胶体的添加均不同程度地降低了淀粉凝胶的触变性。动态流变实验结果表明所有样品体系G’均大于G”,且呈现出频率依赖性,说明具有典型的弱凝胶特性。加入亲水胶体能保持淀粉体系内部结构稳定,增强其抗剪切性。因此,亲水胶体可以一定程度改善石蒜淀粉糊的性质,且与亲水胶体的种类、结构有关。     

不同亲水胶体对低蛋白高粱面条品质影响的研究

以小麦淀粉为主料,适量添加高粱粉等其他辅料来制作低蛋白高粱面条,采用质构分析的手段来研究魔芋胶、羧甲基纤维素钠和海藻酸钠3种亲水胶体对低蛋白高粱面条品质的影响。结果表明,亲水胶体对低蛋白高粱面条的品质有显著改善效果。单因素和正交试验结果表明,复合亲水胶体对低蛋白高粱面条品质改善效果优于单一亲水胶体,且复合亲水胶体最佳配比:魔芋胶0.3%、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5%和海藻酸钠0.8%。按照此配比,经传统加工工艺可制得品质较好的低蛋白高粱面条。     

不同来源膳食纤维品质分析及抗氧化活性研究

以酶解法制备金针菇菇根、大麦苗、麦麸粉、苦瓜粉、西兰花老茎、魔芋胶粉、芦笋下脚料总膳食纤维为原料,从物化特性、吸附能力、抗氧化活性等方面进行比较。结果表明:魔芋膳食纤维持水力、膨胀力最强,分别为47.76 g/g、14.65 mL/g;持油力差异不大,均在1.5 g/g左右;西兰花老茎膳食纤维阳离子交换能力最强,为0.64 mmol/g;金针菇、大麦苗、魔芋3种膳食纤维DPPH自由基清除能力较强,均在70.0%以上;芦笋、苦瓜膳食纤维还原能力较强;大麦苗膳食纤维羟基自由基清除能力最强,为66.594%;7种膳食纤维金属螯合力差异不大,均在93.0%以上。研究结果为肥胖、便秘等特殊人群专用膳食纤维的筛选提供一定的理论依据与借鉴。     

基于CiteSpace的全球纺织服装研究热点及其趋势文献计量分析

为揭示全球纺织服装行业的研究现状、研究热点及发展趋势,以Web of Science数据库中2009—2018年24 597篇纺织服装行业英文文献为研究对象,使用科学文献分析工具CiteSpace绘制科学知识图谱,通过网络修剪算法、聚类算法、突发性检测算法和中介中心性算法等,发现纺织服装领域核心作者与核心机构;根据关键词聚类、时区视图分析全球纺织服装研究热点及其变化;根据热点动态演化、突现节点等探讨今后研究趋势。结果表明:2009—2018年全球纺织服装领域的研究文献量稳步增长,纺织废水的处理是该领域一直以来的研究热点,功能纺织品和智能纺织是今后的研究趋势。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the