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Fragments of wilderness dominated by natural succession exist in urban environments, and play a critical role in protecting biodiversity, supporting urban ecological processes, and connecting human beings with nature. Urban vegetation rewilding is a key approach to restricting urban wilderness by restoring the species composition, community structure and functions, eventually towards a self-maintained vegetation community. This paper, taking wildflower meadows as a reference, establishes a technical framework of urban vegetation rewilding by leveraging ecological flows and adopting quasi-nature design with minimum interventions. The framework covers 5 aspects, namely self-design, micro-topographic design, quasinature design, collaborative symbiosis design between plant community and keystone animal species, and design with natural materials. Studying the green space along the northwest lakeside of the Shuangguihu National Wetland Park in Liangping District, Chongqing, this paper provides a scientific guidance and technical paradigm for vegetation rewilding and urban wilderness restoration in the complex context of natural–artificial urban landscapes. 相似文献
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在全球气候变暖的大背景之下,新自然主义生态种植以其可持续且低维护的特性,逐步在世界范围内替代传统种植形式,成为城市景观种植设计的一个主流趋势。草本植物的应用潜力、生态价值和美学价值在这种新型的景观形式里得到了充分体现。拟自然式的群落种植设计形式能实现自我调节,并有助于实现中长期的生态服务功能。如何将新自然主义种植设计"中国化"是历史机遇,也充满挑战。本文论述了城市背景下新自然主义生态种植设计理念下的草本植物景观的发展历程,并探讨了未来景观设计和绿色基础设施网络中自然式草本植被的应用潜力。 相似文献
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城市河岸带是城市水陆相互作用的生态空间,草本植物作为城市河岸带重要的植被类型,为调节微气候、驱动碳氧循环、提高生物多样性等生态系统服务提供重要支持。现阶段,由于人工草本植物群落构建方式存在瓶颈,城市河岸带草本植物群落的可持续性和功能性较差。通过阐释草本植物群落对于实现城市河岸带生态系统服务功能的作用路径,明确其近自然的目标导向。在分析近自然理念内涵的基础上,总结了城市河岸带草本植物群落的构建方法:1)选择适应性较高的植物种类;2)混植多种可协同共生的植物;3)设计转译植物群落空间复层结构;4)设计转译植物群落物候动态变化。以沈阳浑河河岸带为例,初步提出城市河岸带草本植物群落构建的实验研究途径和具体操作方法,以期为中国城市河岸带、滨水绿地生态系统服务功能提升及可持续草本植物群落构建提供理论参考。 相似文献
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城市植物景观的系统稳定性、观赏效果和生态服务功能的维持正面临气候变化和快速城市化的严峻挑战。近年来,生态系统关键种的保育研究为城市植物景观提供了增强环境适应性与可持续发展的可能性。分析关键种对于城市植物景观的重要生态功能,综述国内外关键种的研究应用进展,在此基础上提出重建“城市植物景观—关键种”协同共生体系的设计框架。从环境要素设计、关键种选择与吸引、植物筛选及种植、营巢生境与庇护生境设计、踏脚石生境与迁徙廊道设计等方面探讨关键种与城市植物景观协同共生体系设计的基本要求。提供风景园林实践中以关键种与植物景观协同共生来提升城市植物景观功能的有效途径,以及“城市植物景观—关键种”协同共生设计与实践的理论归纳、设计框架和应用范式参考。 相似文献
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Tropical rainforest, a unique forest ecosystem with the richest biodiversity on the earth, is now suffering from rapid biodiversity loss and ecological degradation. Xishuangbanna is such a typical example in China, where the ecosystem of Sanda Mountain is fragmented by agricultural practices and rubber plantation, and the vegetation productivity decreases sharply, threatening its role in the regional ecological security pattern. For an overall ecological improvement of the study area, since 2017, the project team has examined the existing habitat conditions in Sanda Mountain and proposed a thirty-year planning scheme for the ecological restoration by introducing constructive and pioneer plant species, employing a mixedspecies planting mode, and facilitating the natural regeneration of vegetation community to recover natural succession through ecological restoration planning at patch-, corridor-, and regionalscales. The team simulated the changes in carbon storage, habitat quality, and ecosystem service value before and after planning via the InVEST model to guide the dynamic adjustment of the tropical rainforest restoration. This exploratory ecological restoration planning for such a largescale tropical rainforest may provide research and practical references for other studies in China and abroad. 相似文献
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城市生态系统是一个复杂的人工系统,城市经过快速掠夺式的发展已经造成绿地生态空间锐减,水体资源缺乏且污染严重,热岛效应突出和城市棕地面积大且污染严重等一系列生态问题。以资源枯竭型城市内大量存在的棕地为研究对象,认为城市棕地的修复需要生态智慧的引导,在建立生态智慧引导的城市棕地修复逻辑和框架的基础上,结合太原市棕地生态修复实践,建立从棕地安全性修复、棕地功能修复和棕地景观修复的综合修复框架,提出分期分类多元化再生,分类利用城市功能活化,去棕还绿抗污染植物配置棕地修复的生态智慧策略。 相似文献
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矿业棕地的景观生态恢复应是一项生态文明建设工程。有鉴于此,其规划设计应探求新的基础理论,即景观生态学、景观都市主义和人居环境科学理论,并遵循三个理论分别倡导的理念:整体人类生态系统的理念:景观成为城市绿色基础设施的理念:以人工环境与自然环境为复杂整体的有机规划设计理念。以此为指导的矿业棕地景观规划设计,方能符合生态文明的建设要求,确保矿业棕地景观生态恢复的实现和矿业城市人居环境的可持续发展。 相似文献
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近年来,草本植物由于其自身的景观优势和生态优
势,在中国风景园林学术研究中备受关注。基于国内外草本植
物群落的研究成果,从草本植物群落构建原理和生态种植2个
方面梳理了草本植物群落发展与应用的研究热点,并总结了
草本植物群落生态种植关于草本植物种类筛选、群落空间设计
和群落混播建植3个方面的最新研究方法。立足于风景园林学
科,提出了草本植物群落发展与应用中“建立修复性草本植物
群落设计示范”“探究延长草本植物群落观赏周期的设计方
法”“构建景观尺度的草本植物群落生态服务功能评价”3个
未来有待于深入研究的发展方向,以期为相关研究提供参考。 相似文献
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Plant communities in mountainous cities play significant roles in revetment protection, sediment interception, water purification, ecological buffer, biodiversity conservation, and landscape quality improvement. Meanwhile, the local complex hydrologic conditions may pose adversity stress to the structure, function, and ecological process of these plant communities. This paper introduces the restoration practices of river revetments in the Jiulong Waitan section of Chongqing employing ecological planting strategies. First, a technical framework was proposed for the re-establishment of riparian herbaceous communities as the multilayered semi-natural meadows that were planted by strips and zones upon hydrologic conditions. Second, principles and modes of these ecological planting practices were elaborated. Third, an evaluation on the communities’ performance indicated that they could adapt to the complex hydrological conditions in mountainous cities, including sharp rise and fall of river level during summer floods, high temperature, and storm runoff. This study may provide a scientific reference for riverfront landscape optimization of the main stream of the Yangtze River, and a paradigm for the ecological conservation and the establishment of ecological barrier for the upper reaches. 相似文献
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Xingzhong YUAN Lingfeng XIANG Yuxing HU Wei CHENG Yazhou HUANG Sen XIONG Jia YUAN Fang WANG 《景观设计学(英文)》2021,9(3):12
Riparian zone is a typical ecotone that connects terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. At the same time, environmental stress magnifies here and the natural regulation of rivers is extremely active. In other words, the most dynamic and vibrant interactions between rivers and landscapes occur in riparian zones. However, the construction of dams and the operation of reservoirs have turned many riparian zones into river/reservoir alternation interfaces, influenced the shaping of hydrological and water environment, and the basin ecosystem as well. By introducing the definition and ecological characteristics of river/reservoir interface, this paper proposes the strategies and technical framework for the ecological design of river/reservoir interface. By studying the ecosystem restoration project of river/reservoir interface of Pengxi River in Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Chongqing, which emphasizes the comprehensive element design, structural design, functional design, and process design, this paper aims to provide a reference for related research and practice on river ecosystem restoration. The results of ecological performance analysis showed that the restored ecosystem of the Wuyangba river/reservoir interface has an obvious increase in habitat type diversity and biodiversity, a strong ability of plant communities to adapt to seasonal water level fluctuation, and an improvement in purifying non-point source pollution. The project demonstrates the coordination and symbiosis of interface ecological restoration and waterfront landscape construction and optimization. The project offers an innovative effort in exploring ecosystem restoration design and practice of river/reservoir interfaces. The design strategies and framework can be a reference for other ecosystem restoration cases that are affected by water level fluctuation in river/reservoir interfaces. 相似文献
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调查北京市门头沟区东部自然恢复与人工修复的煤矸石堆积地植被特征,比较分析2种不同恢复方式以及不同恢复年限的样地植被恢复状况。植被调查采用样方法,共统计植物69种,隶属35科63属,其中禾本科、菊科、豆科、蔷薇科为优势科。自然恢复样地植物共25种,隶属17科24属;人工修复样地植物共63种,隶属32科58属。自然恢复群落中臭椿、榆树、荆条的重要值较高,是群落的建群种;人工修复的群落中榆树、油松的优势明显。草本层中猪毛菜、地肤、野古草、紫苜蓿和白莲蒿属于恢复的先锋植物,且在群落中优势地位明显。随着终止排矸年限和植被恢复年限的增加,植物群落物种丰富度将增加;人工修复群落的物种多样性整体高于自然恢复群落。提出煤矸石堆积地适生植物材料的选择原则,通过优势度等指标筛选出符合植被恢复要求的植物材料,构建恢复植被群落模式,并总结出适合煤矸石堆积地的立地条件改良技术和植物种植技术。 相似文献
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远郊平原林地作为城市森林建设的一部分,由于承载着丰富庞大的生物量和复杂的群落结构,成为农业害虫天敌理想的栖息场所,构建天敌保护型林地对农业害虫的生态调控和实现生态系统的可持续发展具有重要意义。基于国内外文献研究,以天敌保护型林地为综述对象,梳理总结了林地与天敌栖息的关系,分析出林地在树种配置、群落结构和空间格局3个方面对天敌栖息的影响机制,并从4个层面提出合理配置及优化布局的天敌保护型林地营建策略,即营建异龄复层混交林、提升食源植物的比例、营建巢穴庇护空间和增强景观格局异质性,从而构建适宜天敌栖息的多样化林地环境,增强天敌的生态控害保益功能,以期实现城市森林功能的拓展、生物多样性的维持及生态服务功能的提升。 相似文献
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新自然主义种植理念下,草本植物群落以低维护和长周期的显著优势在生态智慧城市的建设和城市拟自然景观营造中扮演着越来越重要的角色,因此亟须探索该生态种植理念下草本植物群落空间设计的创新型方法以指导城市拟自然景观的营造。综述新自然主义种植理念下草本植物群落空间设计的发展历程和群落空间设计原则,通过分析新自然主义种植理念下典型草本植物群落种植空间设计案例,归纳每种类型草本植物在群落空间设计中的作用,并以生态种植草本实验基地的4个稳定的草本植物组合为实例,总结4种草本植物群落的空间设计模式,以期将新型草本植物群落生态种植范式应用到未来城市拟自然景观空间的营造中。 相似文献
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