上海地区绿色建筑中光伏系统应用分析

光伏发电作为未来最具潜力的可再生能源之一,在绿色建筑中的应用较少,对其现状问题与发展潜力尚缺乏系统深入的调研、分析与评价。通过对2008—2014年上海地区绿色建筑案例进行调研,梳理和分析了光伏技术在绿色建筑中的应用状况,探讨了建筑中光伏发电的技术适应性、经济性及替代率等问题,为光伏技术的推广应用提供参考。     

基于BIM技术的装配式建筑太阳能集成设计与优化

我国大力提倡发展装配式建筑及太阳能建筑,但大多数建筑师对这2种建筑都比较陌生。通过分析BIM在装配建筑中的应用方法与优势,提出了装配式建筑太阳能"族"库建立的原则与方法。基于BIM平台对建筑立面太阳能组件安装方式、太阳能组件安装倾角进行对比分析。以天津气象参数为例,对光伏组件不同倾角发电量进行方案设计对比,讨论了BIM技术通过可视化的方式完善太阳能组件在装配建筑中集成应用的流程,为设计师进行装配式建筑太阳能集成设计时提供设计依据。     

议建筑节能及发展趋势

阐述了节能技术在国外建筑的应用,针对我国能源及建筑节能现状,从住区规划、建筑设计、材料设备选择、施工安装和运行管理等环节介绍了住宅建筑节能的途径,以利于节能技术的推广。     

浅析太阳能与住宅建筑一体化设计

太阳能集热器与住宅建筑一体化安装,是住宅节能化发展的必然趋势。其主要操作过程就是把集热器安装到建筑物中,以此来实现与建筑的完美结合。通过分析太阳能集热器的特点和使用要求,对集热器在各种类型建筑中的设置进行探讨。     

我国北方办公建筑能耗特点及节能设计措施

通过对我国北方气候特点的分析,结合办公建筑使用特点,总结出我国北方办公建筑的能耗特点,并分析了当前我国北方办公建筑节能方面存在的问题,针对问题从规划建筑设计、建筑节能技术、合同能源管理几个方面讨论了适宜我国北方办公建筑节能的措施,以减少办公建筑能耗,推进社会持续发展。     

A holistic approach to energy efficient building forms

Minimizing energy consumption in buildings has become an important goal in architecture and urban planning in recent years. Guidelines were developed for each climatic zone aiming at increasing solar exposure for buildings in cold climates and at reducing solar exposure for buildings in hot climates. This approach usually plans for the season with the harshest weather; often forgetting that temperatures in cities at latitude 25° can drop below thermal comfort limits in winter and that temperatures in cities at latitude 48° often rise above thermal comfort limits in summer. This paper argues that a holistic approach to energy efficient building forms is needed. It demonstrates a generic energy efficient building form derived by cutting solar profiles in a conventional block. Results show that the proposed building form, the Residential Solar Block (RSB), can maximize solar energy falling on facades and minimize solar energy falling on roofs and on the ground surrounding buildings in an urban area in winter; thus maximizing the potential of passive utilization of solar energy. The RSB also supports strategies for mitigating the urban heat island through increased airflow between buildings, the promotion of marketable green roofs and the reduction of transportation energy.     

传统建筑与现代绿色节能建筑的融合--以SDC2013厦门大学参赛作品为例

以2013年在中国举行的国际太阳能十项全能竞赛（SDC2013）中厦门大学参赛作品阳光屋为例,对建筑空间布局、遮阳、采光及通风等适用性策略,被动式保温隔热、太阳能利用及智能控制等建筑节能技术,建筑材料、水与庭院绿化等环境处理手法三大方面进行解析,阐述了运用科学技术实现传统建筑与绿色节能建筑的融合方法。结合图片与数据分析,以期为我国传统建筑和绿色节能建筑的融合提供良好的思路与方案的借鉴。     

武汉地区零能耗建筑探析

在全球资源日益紧张的前提下,发展住宅建筑节能技术或是零能耗建筑业已成为实现全社会节能最主要的途径之一。以武汉地区普通单栋居民住宅为例(102.95 m2),结合模拟能耗结果,给出单栋住房考虑全年得热散热最佳朝向、太阳能光伏发电全年最佳安装角度等优化值,以期探析武汉地区建筑能实现年零能耗的可能性。     

寒冷地区被动式太阳能中小学建筑的设计策略

本文对我国寒冷地区中小学建筑的现状进行了调查,以寒冷地区采用被动式太阳能技术的中小学建筑为研究内容,重点介绍了常用的被动式太阳能光热技术在此类建筑中的应用,期望可以作为太阳能中小学建筑设计的参考。     

现代城市建筑中太阳能技术的应用

在环境问题日益凸现的今天,太阳能作为一种可再生的清洁能源被人们誉为21世纪最有希望的能源.当前太阳能最具潜力的发展领域就是在建筑中的利用.现代城市建筑中太阳能技术的应用已经成为建筑节能领域的技术热点.针对我国目前太阳能在建筑上的利用现状,分析了建筑一体化的太阳能热水系统和太阳能光伏系统.     

基于BIM的装配式建筑精益建造研究

装配式建筑的建造过程是一项十分复杂的需要统筹兼顾多主体、多目标和多元素的系统工程,可依托BIM的信息管理平台促进装配式建筑全过程精准建造的实施。本文分析装配式建筑精益建造数据协同问题及BIM技术的应用价值,构建依托BIM的装配式建筑项目信息管理平台,分别针对项目设计、构件生产、构件物流运输和施工安装四个不同阶段,探讨各阶段精益建造实施中BIM技术的具体应用。以河南省某青年人才公寓苑项目为例,介绍各阶段基于BIM的精益建造开展情况,以期为建筑施工企业应用BIM技术强化装配式建筑精益建造成效提供参考。     

A PV installation framework concerning electricity variable rates

This paper assesses building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) installation parameters based on the profit generated by a photovoltaic system. It takes into consideration a home building case study and it investigates its monthly energy demand based on a specific location and a typical occupancy. The capability of a photovoltaic (PV) system to generate more profit occurs when solar intensity is maximum while the electric energy price is at its highest rate. The paper traces a framework that encompasses different aspects such as energy demand, energy price, and solar intensity. This framework identifies profit alternatives according to different installation parameters. A tool that predicts a PV installation hourly electric energy production is developed. The profit generated is simulated for home buildings located in Beirut (Lebanon) and Xihua (China), both at 33.8° latitude north. The paper highlights a new approach for BIPV installations, taking into account weather conditions, energy demand, and electric energy utility rates.     

Renewable energy options for buildings: Case studies

This paper deals with a novel approach to study renewable energy options for buildings to make them more efficient, more cost effective, more environmentally benign, and more technologically attractive. To demonstrate the application of this study, four buildings are chosen as case studies with two from the residential sector, one commercial/institutional building, and one industrial building. A ground source heat pump for heating and cooling, a solar water heater for space heating and/or hot water, and a photovoltaic panel to generate electricity are designed for these case studies. Attempt is made to design projects under hybrid systems combined from two technologies are developed for the above-mentioned four cases. Results obtained indicate that solar thermal option for hot water and space heating becomes the most cost effective one for all cases (e.g., $4956 for Cases 1 and 2 and $70,652 for Case 3, and $91,361 for Case 4). In addition, solar electricity through PVs is technologically the most suitable one to meet the electricity demand. The ground source heat pump option is quite attractive from the efficiency and environmental impact point of views although it requires installation and maintenance, etc. Finally, hybrid systems provide better advantages, such as higher efficiency, reduced cost, reduced emissions, etc.     

绿色建筑的能源规划与利用

以某绿色建筑为例,介绍了绿色建筑的设计理念。阐述了绿色建筑的能源规划与利用,包括围护结构的选择、遮阳装置的设计、冷热源的选择、空调系统的选择及太阳能的利用。     

智能建筑中的综合布线

土木建筑百年大计,一次性投资很大。在当前国力尚不富裕的情况下,全面实现建筑智能化是有难度的,然而又不能等到资金全部到位,再去开工建设,因为这样会失去时间和机遇。对于每个高层建筑,一旦条件成熟需要改造升级为智能建筑,也是不容置疑的。这些可能是目前高层建筑普遍存在的一个突出矛盾。综合布线是解决将当前和未来统一这一矛盾的最佳途径。综合布线只是智能建筑的一部分。它犹如智能建筑内的一条高速公路,可以统一规划、统一设计,在建筑物建设阶段投资占整个建筑物资金的3%～5%,将连接线缆综合布线在建筑物内。至于楼内安装或增设什么应用系统,这就完全可以根据时间和需要、发展与可能来决定。只要有了综合布线这条信息高速公路,想跑什么＂车＂,想上什么应用系统,就变得非常简单了。尤其目前兴建的高大楼群如何与时代同步,如何能适应科技发展的需要,又不增加过多的投资,综合布线平台是最佳选择。否则,不仅为高层建筑将来的发展带来很多后遗症,并且一旦打算向智能建筑靠拢时,要花费更多的投资,这是十分不合理的。     

浅谈太阳能与建筑一体化技术在高层住宅中的应用

近年来,现代科技在建筑中的运用越来越受到重视。在项目规划设计之初就应从技术应用的角度给予充分考虑。以三湘四季花城"太阳能与建筑一体化"技术应用为例,对建筑如何包容技术,技术如何适应建筑的实践进行分析。"太阳能与建筑一体化"这一技术的创意点就在于充分挖掘建筑功能,将太阳能热水器成套系统与建筑有机结合,成为建筑结构中的一个组成部分,与规划同步设计、同步施工、同步验收,使太阳能这一可再生能源在高层住宅上的利用成为了现实。     

使建筑增值的陶瓷太阳能房顶

国家标准《民用建筑太阳能热水系统应用技术规范》(GB50364-2005)要求太阳能热水系统与建筑一体化。陶瓷太阳能房顶采用陶瓷太阳板为太阳能集热体与原房顶共用结构层、保温层、防水层,实现结构一体化;隔热、保温、防水、防风优于普通房顶,原斜房顶三角形空间转化为北屋和储物间使建筑物单位面积造价下降、建筑物增值,实现成本一体化;主要采用各种建筑材料,实现寿命一体化;可以为建筑物提供热水、取暖、空调功能。     

European residential buildings and empirical assessment of the Hellenic building stock,energy consumption,emissions and potential energy savings

The existing building stock in European countries accounts for over 40% of final energy consumption in the European Union (EU) member states, of which residential use represents 63% of total energy consumption in the buildings sector. Consequently, an increase of building energy performance can constitute an important instrument in the efforts to alleviate the EU energy import dependency (currently at about 48%) and comply with the Kyoto Protocol to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. This is also in accordance to the European Directive (EPBD 2002/91/EC) on the energy performance of buildings, which is currently under consideration in all EU member states. This paper presents an overview of the EU residential building stock and focuses on the Hellenic buildings. It elaborates the methodology used to determine the priorities for energy conservation measures (ECMs) in Hellenic residential buildings to reduce the environmental impact from CO₂ emissions, through the implementation of a realistic and effective national action plan. A major obstacle that had to overcome was the need to make suitable assumptions for missing detailed primary data. Accordingly, a qualitative and quantitative assessment of scattered national data resulted to a realistic assessment of the existing residential building stock and energy consumption. This is the first time that this kind of aggregate data is presented on a national level. Different energy conservation scenarios and their impact on the reduction of CO₂ emissions were evaluated. Accordingly, the most effective ECMs are the insulation of external walls (33–60% energy savings), weather proofing of openings (16–21%), the installation of double-glazed windows (14–20%), the regular maintenance of central heating boilers (10–12%), and the installation of solar collectors for sanitary hot water production (50–80%).     

谈太阳能技术在民用建筑中的应用

结合太阳能的定义及工作原理,介绍了目前市场上三种太阳能集热器的功能,用途及特点,以全玻璃真空管太阳能集热器为例进行了系统分类及成本估算,并对相关材料、设备、安装设计要求作了具体说明,以促进太阳能技术在民用建筑中的应用。     

Environmental efficiency in residential buildings – A simplified communication approach

For all actors involved with planning, developing and managing buildings, the environmental impact relating to energy use and the quality of the indoor environment are both aspects of major concern. It is crucial that a reduction in the environmental impact of a building is not achieved through compromising the indoor environment. This paper presents a method to assess user satisfaction related to the indoor environment and the environmental impact related to the energy use of the building, i.e. the environmental efficiency of the building. This environmental efficiency comprises two indices that are calculated separately but displayed in the same diagram to facilitate communication of complex information. This approach forms part of the Swedish life cycle based environmental assessment tool for buildings, EcoEffect. The present paper presents and exemplifies the environmental efficiency of buildings using data from 26 Swedish multi-family residential buildings and proposes a number of reference values. The concept can be used as an overarching objective for environmental management of a property firm's building stock or for evaluating targets set in the planning process for a new building. It can also be used for environmental rating of buildings, which would probably increase the communication value further. The aggregated indices are rough but proportionately straightforward to calculate and easily communicated. In addition, they address the environmental impacts of buildings in a much more comprehensive way than the current practice.