无线传感器网络MAC协议研究进展

在无线传感器网络体系结构中,MAC(medium access control)协议是保证网络高效通信的重要协议.无线传感器网络有着与传统无线网络明显不同的性能特点和技术要求,传统无线网络MAC协议无法应用于传感器网络,各种针对特定传感器网络特点的MAC协议相继提出.归纳无线传感器网络MAC协议的设计原则和分类方法,分析当前典型的各类MAC协议的主要机制,详细比较这些协议的特点、性能差异和应用范围.最后总结无线传感器网络MAC协议的研究现状,指出未来的研究重点.     

无线传感器网络MAC协议研究进展

近年来, 无线传感器网络 (WSNs) 作为国内外一个新兴的研究方向, 吸引了许多研究者和机构的广泛关注. 无线传感器网络具有与传统无线网络不同的特点, 且与应用高度相关. 无线传感器网络主要的一个设计目标是有效地使用网络节点的受限资源 (能量、内存和计算能力), 以最大化网络的服务寿命. 传统网络的介质访问控制 (MAC) 协议, 并不能直接应用于无线传感器网络. 针对无线传感器网络的特点和应用背景, 研究人员提出了很多 MAC 协议. 本文通过分析无线传感器网络的特点, 讨论了影响 MAC 协议设计的有关问题, 着重研究和比较了当前一些重要的无线传感器网络 MAC 协议. 结果表明, 不存在一种适用于无线传感器网络应用的标准 MAC 协议, 好的 MAC 协议必须能在能量有效性和网络性能之间进行折中. 最后, 展望了无线传感器网络 MAC 协议的进一步研究策略和发展趋势.     

无线传感器网络MAC协议的设计研究

媒体访问控制(MAC)协议是无线传感器网络协议的重要组成部分,它的性能好坏直接关系到无线信道的利用效率和整个网络的性能。介绍了无线传感器网络MAC协议设计的主要问题,根据设计指标的不同对无线传感器网络MAC协议进行了分类,并在此基础上,分析研究了几种典型的无线传感器网络MAC协议采用的机制和方法。     

无线传感器网络MAC协议进展

MAC协议是无线传感器网络协议的重要组成部分,网络的性能（如吞吐量、容量、时延及功耗等）依赖于所采用的MAC协议,也是无线传感器网络设计研究的主要技术难点之一。该文指出了无线传感器网络MAC协议设计的主要问题．对几种典型的MAC协议进行了分析和研究,并分析研究了无线传感器网络MAC协议的研究与应用方向。     

无线传感器网络MAC协议进展

MAC协议是无线传感器网络协议的重要组成部分,网络的性能(如吞吐量、容量、时延及功耗等)依赖于所采用的MAC协议,也是无线传感器网络设计研究的主要技术难点之一。该文指出了无线传感器网络MAC协议设计的主要问题,对几种典型的MAC协议进行了分析和研究,并分析研究了无线传感器网络MAC协议的研究与应用方向。     

关于无线传感器网络MAC层协议的研究

当前,无线传感器网络(WSN)是国内外备受关注的一个新兴前沿热点领域,已经吸引了许多研究者和机构的广泛关注.本文简单介绍了无线传感器网络以及MAC协议,对MAC协议进行了分类、分析,比较和总结了这些协议的核心机制、性能和特点,最后得出结论,展望了今后无线传感器网络MAC协议的研究重点及策略.     

无线传感器网络MAC层协议分析和研究

当前,无线传感器网络（WSN）是国内外备受关注的一个新兴前沿热点领域,已经吸引了许多研究者和机构的广泛关注。本文简单介绍了一下无线传感器网络以及MAC协议,列举了在设计无线传感器网络的MAC协议时需要重点考虑的方面,对MAC协议进行了分类,并对当前典型的各类协议进行了详细的分析,比较和总结了这些协议的核心机制、性能和特点,最后得出结论,展望了今后无线传感器网络MAC协议的研究重点及策略。     

一种基于协同分集的无线传感器网络节能MAC协议

节能是无线传感器网络的研究焦点之一,设计能量有效的MAC策略是达到节能目的的一种有效手段.本文结合无线传感器网络中一种节能MAC协议--BMA,引入协同分集技术,提出了一种新的协同MAC协议--CD-BMA.分析和仿真表明,所提协议能够显著提升系统的容量及能量效率等方面性能.     

基于竞争机制的无线传感器网络MAC层协议的研究综述

媒体介入控制(MAC)协议基本任务是节点共享网络媒体的介入问题,近年来针对传感器网络独特的资源限制和应用需求,研究人员提出了许多为无线传感器网络设计的具有低能耗特征的MAC协议.分析比较MAC协议中基于竞争机制的典型协议,以便于无线传感器网络MAC协议的进一步研究与改进.     

无线传感器网络媒质接入控制协议的研究进展

媒质接入控制（Medium Access Control）是无线传感器网络设计的关键问题之一。由于无线通信模块是传感器节点能量消耗的主要来源,而媒质接入控制协议则直接控制着节点无线通信模块的活动,因此MAC协议节能效率的好坏将严重影响网络的性能。本文首先介绍了MAC层能量消耗的主要来源,阐述了无线传感器网络中MAC协议的研究内容和设计目标,并讨论了影响MAC协议性能的若干参数指标,随后介绍了几类典型的MAC协议,最后对MAC协议的发展方向进行了总结和展望。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.