可释放负离子的ABS／蛋白石复合材料制备及其性能研究

报导了嫩江特有的蛋白石页岩与ABS复合材料的制备，采用适当的钛酸酯偶联剂，解决了蛋白石与基体树脂的相容性问题。测试了其负离子的释放性能、流变性能和力学性能，用电镜观察了复合材料的形态。结果表明：复合材料释放负离子的量达到1000个/cm^3，大于旷野郊区的负离子浓度；复合材料的粘流活化能降低，添加3％蛋白石的复合材料粘流活化能降低18kJ/mol；复合材料的力学性能略有提高，添加3％蛋白石的复合材料冲击强度和拉伸强度分别为58kJ/m^2和49MPa。     

超细嫩江蛋白石轻质页岩粉创制与应用研究

本文用扫描电镜观察分析了嫩江蛋白石轻质页岩微粒的结构和形态，发现其具有l0μm以下微孔，吸水性强，吸附性好，易粉碎，超细化的嫩江蛋白石微粉能较好的与ABS树脂共混，并能明显提高ABS流动性、加工性，还有增韧效果。     

钢纤维／聚合物复合材料性能研究

以HDPE和ABS为基体树脂，钢纤飨为填充材料制备了钢纤维／聚合物复合材料，研究了钢纤维含量和长径比对复合材料导电性能，力学性能和导热性能的影响，考察了重复加工次数与纤维长径比和复合材料性能的关系。     

CPVC／ABS二元共混物性能的研究

研究了ABS树脂对CPVC／ABS共混物的力学性能和加工性能的影响。结果表明，随着ABS含量的增加，CPVC／ABS二元共混物的拉伸强度，维卡软化点和熔体粘度下降，而CPVC／ABS共混物冲击强度得到明显改善。     

ABS/Nano-ZnO/CCA复合材料的制备及抗菌性能研究

以丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)为基体树脂、纳米氧化锌(Nano-ZnO)为抗菌剂、叶绿素铜酸(CCA)为光敏化剂,采用熔融共混法制备了ABS/Nano-ZnO/CCA复合抗菌材料,并研究了该复合材料的抗菌性能和力学性能。结果表明:ABS/Nano-ZnO复合材料具有良好的抗菌性,添加CCA后,复合材料的抗菌性能进一步提升,其抗菌率接近100%,达到强抗菌材料的要求。Nano-ZnO和CCA的加入对基体材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度影响不大,材料的冲击强度则有所下降。     

PA6/ABS共混物性能研究

将聚酰胺6（PA6）与市售的丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）树脂共混,制备PA6/ABS共混物。研究了ABS树脂的用量对PA6/ABS共混物力学性能的影响;采用苯乙烯及丙烯腈共聚物（SAN）和ABS粉料熔融共混制得不同胶含量的ABS/SAN共混物。研究了不同胶含量的ABS/SAN共混物对PA6/ABS共混物力学性能的影响。在PA6/ABS/SAN共混物中引入苯乙烯-丙烯腈-马来酸酐共聚（SAM）树脂取代部分SAN树脂,研究了SAM树脂的加入及引入顺序的不同对共混物性能的影响。结果表明, ABS树脂的用量在50%～60%左右时共混物性能最佳。随ABS/SAN共混物胶含量提高,共混物的拉伸强度、弹性模量、弯曲强度和弯曲模量逐渐降低。随SAM树脂替代SAN量增加,共混物的拉伸和弯曲性能先降低后增加。但共混物熔体流动速率降低明显,而SAM树脂的引入顺序对共混物的力学性能影响不大。     

磷-氮复合阻燃剂制备新型无卤阻燃ABS性能研究

采用间苯二酚-双(磷酸二苯酯)缩聚物(SOL-DP)和氰尿酸三聚氰胺(MCA)共混制出磷-氮复合阻燃体系,并与苯乙烯-丁二烯-丙烯腈(ABS)基体树脂共混制备新型无卤阻燃ABS。考察了阻燃ABS的力学性能和燃烧性能。试验结果表明:当SOL-DP和MCA在ABS树脂中的质量分数分别为8%和4%时,材料的力学性能保持在90%以上,氧指数(LOI)值高达27.5%,同时达到UL94 V-0级。SOL-DP在提高MCA成炭的同时能有效阻止了ABS的燃烧行为,其和MCA复配物的总质量分数为15%时,制备的阻燃ABS的热释放速率和热释放总量均大幅下降,最大热释放速率的下降幅度达70%。     

CPVC／ABS二元共混物性能的研究

本文研究了ABS树脂对CPVC／ABS共混物的力学性能和加工性能的影响。结果表明,随着ABS含量的增加,CPVC／ABS二元共混物的拉伸强度、维卡软化点和熔体粘度下降,而CPVC／ABS共混物的冲击强度得到明显改善。     

SAN树脂的相对分子质量对ABS树脂力学性学的影响

通过将三种不同相对分子质量的SAN树脂与同一种ABS接枝粉料进行熔融共混，测度共混物的力学性能，比较了三种SAN各自的增韧特性。实验结果表明：SAN树脂的相对分子质量越高，制得的ABS树脂的冲击强度和断裂伸长率越高，SAN树脂的相对分子质量对ABS 脂的拉伸强度没有影响，SAN树脂的低聚物和挥发成分对位伸强度影响大。将高相对分子质量SAN和低相对分子质量SAN按不同比例混合后，再与ABS接枝粉料以18份橡胶共混，考察了高相对分子质量SAN的加入对共混物冲击强度和熔体流体速率的影响，在SAN树脂中加入高相对分子质量SAN树脂后，可以提高ABS树脂的冲击强度，显著降低加工流动性。     

膨胀阻燃剂/纳米黏土复配阻燃ABS

通过熔融共混法制备了有机化纳米黏土(OMMT)与膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)复配阻燃丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS),并以苯乙烯/乙烯-丁烯/苯乙烯共聚物接枝马来酸酐(SEBS-g-MAH)作为增容剂。采用冲击和拉伸试验方法对材料的力学性能进行表征,采用极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL94)和锥形量热(Cone)试验对材料的燃烧行为进行分析。结果发现,加入增容剂SEBS-g-MAH后,膨胀型阻燃剂与ABS的相容性得到提高,力学性能得到大幅提高。例如,5%SEBS-g-MAH加入到ABS/IFR(60/40)复合材料中,冲击强度提高至9 kJ/m~2,与未添加SEBS-gMAH体系相比,冲击强度的提升幅度较大。SEBS-g-MAH对复合材料体系的传统阻燃性能的影响较小。适量纳米黏土与膨胀型阻燃剂的复配可以进一步降低ABS树脂力学性能的损失,对传统阻燃性能(LOI和UL 94垂直燃烧级别)的影响较小,在ABS/IFR/SEBS(75/25/5)复合材料体系中,加入纳米黏土后,高温下可以形成阻隔炭层,隔绝热量和氧气。因此,与纯ABS和ABS/IFR/SEBS(75/25/5)复合材料体系相比,纳米黏土能显著降低ABS树脂在锥形量热测试中的热释放速率、热释放速率的峰值和总的放热量,有利于减缓火灾蔓延的速度。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。