N,N′-双月桂酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠合成方法的改进

对表面活性剂N ,N′ 双月桂酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠的合成方法进行了改进。以乙二胺与氯乙酸钠反应制备乙二胺N ,N′ 二乙酸钠 (中间体 ) ,再与月桂酰氯反应制备终产物N ,N′ 双月桂酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠。用正交法对合成条件进行了探索。合成中间体最佳条件为温度 2 5℃ ,n(氯乙酸 )∶n(乙二胺 ) =(3 15～ 3 45 )∶1 0 0 ,反应时间 2 4h。终产物的合成条件为温度 15℃ ,反应时间为 2 4h。以IR、13CNMR和1HNMR确定结构     

N,N’-双月桂酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠合成方法的改进

对表面活性剂N,N’-双月桂酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠的合成方法进行了改进。以月桂酸、乙二胺和氯乙酸为原料制得N,N’-双月桂酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠。考察了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比对中间体合成的影响。结果表明,N,N’-双月桂酰基乙二胺(中间体Ⅰ)的最佳合成条件是:n(月桂酰氯)∶n(乙二胺)=3.5∶1,反应温度70℃,反应时间1 h,产率为96.94%;N,N’-双月桂酰基乙二胺二乙酸(中间体Ⅱ)的最佳合成条件是:n(氯乙酸)∶n(中间体Ⅰ)=3∶1,反应温度65℃,反应时间12 h,产物产率为53.38%。产物结构用红外光谱、元素分析等方法进行了表征。     

一种多功能表面活性剂的合成

以长链烷基替代EDTA分子中的一个乙酸基，使其改性为既具表面活性又有络合金属离子能力的多功能表面活性剂。合成分两步，先以乙二胺、溴代烷为原料，合成了中间体N－长链烷基乙二胺(R-en)，然后R－en和氯乙酸反应生成了N－长链烷基乙二胺三乙酸钠盐（RNa3edta)。用正交实验法探讨了R－en的合成条件为：n(乙二胺）：n（溴代烷）＝（2.5-3.0)：1．0，反应温度为60℃，反应时间为8－10h，其收率均达98％。终产品合成条件为n(R-en):n（氯乙酸）＝1．05：2，反应时间为10h，反应温度为80℃，收率达86％。并通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对终产品结构进行了初步确认。     

N,N′-双酰基乙二胺二乙酸盐的合成及性能研究

以乙二胺、脂肪酸、氯乙酸为原料合成了N,N′-双酰基乙二胺二乙酸盐系列螯合型表面活性剂。中间体合成优化条件为n(脂肪酸)∶n(乙二胺)=1.6∶1,催化剂占酸质量的0.5%,反应温度120~130℃,反应时间5.5h,转化率达95.7%;终产物合成优化条件为n(中间体)∶n(氯乙酸钠)=1∶3,反应温度70~80℃,反应时间24h,产率50.9%。性能评价结果表明该产品具有较强的表面活性和螯合力,在洗涤剂配方中可替代表面活性剂和STPP。     

新型Gemini两性表面活性剂的合成研究

以N,N'-二羟乙基乙二胺、氯乙酸和硬脂酸为主要原料合成了一种新型Gemini两性表面活性剂.分别用单因素法和正交法对中间体和终产物的合成条件进行了探讨.中间体合成:n(N,N'-二羟乙基乙二胺)∶n(氯乙酸钠)=1∶3.0,反应温度15～20℃,反应时间24 h;终产物合成:n(中间体)∶n(硬酯酰氯)=1∶2.5,pH 9.0～10.0,反应温度20℃,反应时间5 h.并对所得产品进行结构分析和性能测试.     

N,N′-双(对甲苯磺酰基)-2-哌嗪羧酸甲酯的合成

由乙二胺和对甲苯磺酰氯反应制得N,N′-双(对甲苯磺酰基)乙二胺。此步最佳工艺条件为:n(对甲苯磺酰氯)∶n(乙二胺)=2.2∶1,反应溶剂为苯,反应温度为40～45℃,反应时间为6h,收率80%。由丙烯酸甲酯和溴反应制得α,β-二溴丙酸甲酯,收率为88%。再由上述二种中间体反应合成标题化合物,此步省略了N,N′-双(对甲苯磺酰基)乙二胺的二钠盐制备,收率为73%。     

N,N′-双月桂酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠的合成

作为功能型表面活性剂发展的一个方向 ,酰胺型表面活性剂在国内尚未有合成和性能方面的报道。以乙二胺和月桂酸为原料 ,脱水合成N ,N′ 双月桂酰基乙二胺 (中间体 ) ,再与氯乙酸钠反应得终产物N ,N′ 双月桂酰基乙二胺二乙酸钠型表面活性剂 ,以1HNMR和IR进行结构鉴定 ,并对合成条件进行了探讨。最佳合成条件为n(氯乙酸钠 )∶n(中间体 ) =3∶1,t=70～ 80℃ ,反应时间为 2 4h。     

3-十二烷氧基-2-羟基丙基三甲基氯化铵的合成与表征

月桂醇和环氧氯丙烷(EPIC)在相转移条件下反应得到中间体长链烷基缩水甘油醚(Ⅰ),其最佳反应条件为:n(EPIC)∶n(月桂醇)=1.8∶1,反应时间4 h,反应温度50℃,碱的浓度为50%。Ⅰ和三甲胺盐酸盐反应得到氯化N-(3-烷氧基-2羟-基)丙基-N,N,N-三甲基铵,最佳反应条件为:n(十二烷氧基缩水甘油醚)∶n(三甲胺盐酸盐)=1∶1,水浴温度30℃,反应时间3.5 h,此条件下收率可达97%。产物结构通过红外光谱及元素分析结果得以证实。     

N,N-双十二烷基乙二胺的合成及摩擦学性能

以溴代十二烷和乙二胺为原料,通过亲核取代反应制备了N,N-双十二烷基乙二胺（C26H56N2）,通过实验考察了合成条件变化对N,N-双十二烷基乙二胺合成的影响。结果表明：在n(溴代十二烷)∶n(乙二胺)=2.4∶1、回流温度下反应8 h得到目标产物,收率为45.5%;利用FTIR、1H NMR、元素分析等手段对其结构进行了表征。探索了N,N-双十二烷基乙二胺作为润滑油添加剂的新应用。采用四球摩擦磨损试验考察了其在聚乙二醇400中的摩擦学性能。结果显示,当N,N-双十二烷基乙二胺添加量为2%时,聚乙二醇400的PB值可由696 N提高至862 N。     

糖苷基季铵盐表面活性剂的合成及表面性能研究

以葡萄糖和3-氯-1,2-丙二醇为原料合成中间体3-氯-2-羟丙基糖苷,在Na OH碱性条件下与十二/十四烷基二甲基叔胺反应合成糖苷基季铵盐,通过单因素试验确定了最佳工艺。对于糖苷化反应∶n(葡萄糖)∶n(3-氯-1,2-丙二醇)=1∶4,反应时间5 h,反应温度95℃;对于季铵化工艺:n(3-氯-2-羟丙基糖苷)∶n(十二/十四烷基二甲基叔胺)=1.3∶1,反应温度90℃,反应时间4 h。通过傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱表征产物结构,测定最终产物的表面性能,能得到活性剂的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为1.68×10-3mol/L,最低表面张力(γCMC)为27.6 m N/m。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。