重庆康明斯M11欧Ⅱ车用发动机介绍

主要介绍重庆康明斯发动机有限公司在M11发动机以及M11欧Ⅰ发动机的基础上开发的M11欧Ⅱ发动机,介绍了M11发动机的性能,分析了其在排放方面的特点和认证测试情况.     

重庆康明斯M11欧II车用发动机介绍

主要介绍重庆康明斯发动机有限公司在M11发动机以及M11欧I发动机的基础上开发的M11欧II发动机，介绍了M11发动机的性能，分析了其在排放方面的特点和认证测试情况。     

弹用发动机技术特点及应用前景展望

以燃气轮机的结构类型作为论题切入点,介绍了涡轮喷气发动机、涡轮风扇发动机、冲压发动机及超燃冲压发动机等几类常见的航空发动机（空气喷气发动机）,以及固体火箭发动机与液体火箭发动机等几类常见的火箭发动机的技术特点,重点对几类相关发动机在导弹领域的应用进行了研究,并对其前景进行了展望。     

长安C10节能环保小型汽油机开发与研究

长安汽车股份有限公司的C10发动机是配合其自主研发品牌CM5、CM9和A101微型车开发的节能环保小型汽油机。C10发动机在JL465发动机基础上,优化升级了发动机的冷却系统、燃烧系统和换气系统,改善了发动机的结构强度、燃烧过程和换气过程。C10发动机具有大功率、大转矩、好的燃油经济性和良好的NVH品质等优点,是国内最先进的高性能1L排量的汽油机之一,其搭载车型CM5、CM9和A101均有良好的整车动力性和燃油经济性。文中介绍C10发动机的主要技术特点、研发过程和结果。     

发动机可靠性技术的应用及展望

本文介绍了发动机可靠性技术在国内外的应用概况和主要研究课题。阐述了发动机零部件可靠性设计、系统可靠性评估和可靠性试验等可靠性技术，探讨了其发展方向。     

橡胶在发动机上的应用及在低温环境中的选择

介绍了橡胶材料的分类、特性以及其在发动机上的应用,此外还介绍了发动机上的典型橡胶产品以及低温环境中橡胶材料的选用,并对不同低温AEM橡胶的密封性作了对比。     

新一代清洁客车动力——上柴“琅驰”CNG发动机

详细介绍了上柴琅驰CNG发动机的喷射系统、燃烧系统、控制系统、增压系统和点火系统,从发动机的动力性、经济性、可靠性、排放、噪声等方面阐述其性能特点。     

浅析发动机曲轴大小头磨床失效及对策

曲轴作为发动机中高速回转部件,主要承担着发动机动力的输出,其中曲轴大小头用于安装正时齿轮、皮带轮以及飞轮等零部件,其质量将直接影响发动机能否正常和高效工作.本文通过对发动机曲轴大小头轴颈磨削加工的工艺流程、加工工步和设备配置等介绍,分析影响发动机曲轴大小头磨削失效的模式,并提出了相应的对策,对发动机曲轴产品开发、工艺规...     

活塞抗疲劳研究现状及展望

发动机活塞疲劳强度的提升一直是发动机技术研究的重点,主要介绍了发动机活塞抗疲劳的研究进展,从活塞材料、工艺及结构方面的改进进行了总结,对其未来的发展做了展望并提出了一些建议。     

闭式循环热力发动机技术特点及应用研究

概要介绍热力发动机的定义,及其相关分类方式。柴油机、燃气轮机和汽轮机等几类常见的热力发动机效率、结构及技术特点上的不同进行对比研究。介绍以闭式循环燃气轮机为代表的闭式循环热力发动机及其技术特点与应用。为进一步研究和选取柴油机、汪克尔发动机、斯特林发动机、汽轮机、燃气轮机,以及氦气轮机等机型,以对比研究的方式,得出热力发动机实现闭式循环及实现自行启动的特点,并针对其未来发展进行展望。     

玻璃用透明隔热水性纳米涂料研究进展

玻璃用透明隔热水性纳米涂料因其环保、节能和良好的视觉效果而日益受到研究者和相关产业界重视,但存在现场施工不便,隔热性能欠缺、涂层耐水性不佳等问题。简要介绍了二氧化锡锑基透明隔热涂料的研究进展和产业化状况,着重介绍了隔热机理、实际应用中存在的问题以及可能的解决办法。     

A comprehensive review of solar‐driven desalination technologies for off‐grid greenhouses

This paper is motivated by the crisis of freshwater in remote areas around the world and responds to the growing need for sustainable food production in arid lands. It focuses on utilizing solar energy to yield freshwater from the sea or brackish water with less environmental impacts, for greenhouses, which can produce sustainable food all over the year. The integration of various solar‐driven desalinations such as solar still, humidification‐dehumidification, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, and multieffect and multistage flash with greenhouses are evaluated, for better sustainability towards greenization. The paper first discusses the specifications of solar‐driven desalinations and compares their advantages and limitations. Then, different types of greenhouses are introduced, and their total water requirement is discussed based on their locations, crop type, greenhouse technology, irrigation type, and environmental conditions, as well as their cooling and heating strategies. Later, the existing integration of solar‐driven desalinations with greenhouses are reviewed, and their advantages and limitations are deliberated. Finally, the paper discusses the criteria to be considered when selecting solar‐driven desalinations for greenhouses and presents a detailed comparison between the water production rate and cost as well as the energy consumption of these systems. In the end, the most appropriate combinations of solar‐driven desalinations with greenhouses are recommended based on their water requirement and production cost.     

An analysis of the determining factors of fuel poverty among students living in the private-rented sector in Europe and its impact on their well-being

ABSTRACT

Existing research suggests that students are an under-reported and under-supported group of the population that frequently lives in fuel poverty. Furthermore, studies show that students do not realize that they live in fuel poor conditions and are rarely recognized as a group vulnerable to fuel poverty. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to understand, evaluate and consequently reveal the experiences of students living in the private-rentedd sector, quantify their possible exposure to fuel poverty, and to determine the impacts of this exposure on their well-being. Three thousand five hundred and twelve students from seven European countries participated in this research making it the largest study to date targeting this specific social group. Our results demonstrate that this group is vulnerable to fuel poverty and that their exposure to such conditions can have a detrimental effect on both their mental and physical health, as well as their social life.     

康明斯发电机技术船用电力解决方案

概述了康明斯发电机技术(中国)有限公司发电机产品及性能,重点介绍了其船用电力解决方案,包括STAMFORD船用发电机和AvK船用发电机的有关性能指标及其应用,以及公司的全球服务业务。     

Electrocatalytic hydrogen production using the designed hexaphenanthrene iron,cobalt and ruthenium(II) cage complexes as cathode (pre)catalysts immobilized on carbonaceous substrates

Hexaphenanthrene iron, cobalt and ruthenium(II) macrobicyclic complexes, the molecules of which have been designed for their efficient immobilization on carbon materials, such as activated carbon (AC), reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and carbon paper (CP), were tested as the cathode electro(pre)catalysts for hydrogen production in a PEM MEA water electrolysis cell. They were found to possess the good performances of hydrogen production. The use of the suitable carbon materials of a high surface area, AC and RGO, as the substrates for their efficient immobilization, as well as the addition of Nafion® as a polymer electrolyte, allowed to substantially increase an electrocatalytic activity of the corresponding clathrochelate-containing CP-based cathodes. Chemical design of the above metal-encapsulating cage molecules allowed a substantial decrease in a consumption of these metals by using their adsorbed monolayers. The high adsorptive capacities of the suitable carbon materials resulted in a substantial increase in a surface concentration of their electrocatalytically active centers, and, therefore, in that of an electrocatalytic activity of the obtained hybrid clathrochelate-containing carbon-based cathode materials.     

Electrode and electrolyte materials for electrochemical capacitors

Among different electric energy storage technologies electrochemical capacitors are used for energy storage applications when high power delivery or uptake is needed. Their energy and power densities, durability and efficiency are influenced by electrode and electrolyte materials however due to a high cost/performance ratio; their widespread use in energy storage systems has not been attained yet.Thanks to their properties such as high surface area, controllable pore size, low electrical resistance, good polarizability and inertness; activated carbons derived from polymeric precursors are the most used electrode materials in electrochemical capacitors at present. Other electrode materials such as shaped nano-carbons or metal oxides are also investigated as electrode materials in electrochemical capacitors, but only as useful research tools.Most commercially used electrochemical capacitors employ organic electrolytes when offering concomitant high energy and high power densities. The use of aqueous based electrolytes in electrochemical capacitor applications is mainly limited to research purposes as a result of their narrow operating voltage. Recent studies on room temperature ionic liquids to be employed as electrolyte for electrochemical capacitor applications are focused on fine tuning their physical and transport properties in order to bring the energy density of the device closer to that of batteries without compromising the power densities.In this paper a performance analysis, recent progress and the direction of future developments of various types of materials used in the fabrication of electrodes for electrochemical capacitors are presented. The influence of different types of electrolytes on the performance of electrochemical capacitors such as their output voltage and energy/power densities is also discussed.     

Spinel nano-ferrites as low-cost (photo)electrocatalysts with unique electronic properties in solar energy conversion systems

Spinel nano-ferrites (MFe₂O₄, M: Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, …) are excellent low-cost candidates as (photo) electrocatalysts in solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion systems owing to their high dual electrochemical and photochemical activities. Their crystal structure consists of alternating tetrahedral and octahedral units that accommodate Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ ions and another divalent ion in their interstices that give them unique electronic properties for (photo) electrocatalysis. Herein, the role of nano-ferrites as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst and counter-electrode catalyst in photovoltaic-electrolysis (PV-E) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting systems are highlighted. In particular, the recent advances on OER (photo) electrocatalysts based on spinel nano-ferrites and their design strategies such as doping, oxygen/cation defect engineering, as well as supporting and compositing with other materials are discussed and summarized. Finally, their advantages and performance limitations were presented, and future perspectives towards their improvement are suggested. Overall, this report is a critical review of the performance of spinel nano-ferrites as truly low-cost candidate catalysts with a wide natural abundance and easy preparation toward clean hydrogen generation.     

大截面水冷电缆的研制及应用

本文介绍了电弧炉和钢包精炼炉用的大截面水冷电缆的制作、制作中注意事项及其选用和组合。     

A review on amorphous noble-metal-based electrocatalysts for fuel cells: Synthesis,characterization, performance,and future perspective

An urgent need for cleaner energy alternatives has driven the research of fuel cells, and consequently, electrocatalysts. Noble metals such as Pt and Pd are well known as the most suitable catalysts for fuel cell reactions. However, because of their high costs, much effort has been invested to improve their efficiency. Amorphous noble metal nanoparticles are promising electrocatalysts because of their abundant uncoordinated active sites that result from their long-range disordered lattice. Researches on amorphous Pt- and Pd-based catalysts have progressed well with several different synthesis routes. This review aims to systematically study the differences, advantages, and disadvantages of these methods and the resulting characteristics, performance in fuel cell applications, and future prospects of the amorphous Pt- and Pd-based catalysts.