关于交换格序群保持内在度量映射的一个定理

本文通过讨论，证得：若Ｇ１．Ｇ２是交换格序群，ｆ是Ｇ１到Ｇ２的保持内在度量映射，则ｆ是Ｇ１到Ｇ２的群同态当且仅当ｆ（－ｘ）＝ｆ（ｘ）．该定理部分解答了Ｅｎｄｒｅｐａｐ在文章《交换格序群保持内在度量映射》中提出的一个问题．     

扩展增长曲线模型中协差阵的最小模估计问题

考虑扩展增长曲线模型Ｙ＝Σ＾（ｍ，ｉ＝１）ＸｉｂＩＺ’ｉ＋Ｕε其中Ｘｉ，Ｚｉ，Ｕ均为已知矩阵，Ｒ（Ｚ１）∩←…∩←Ｒ（Ｚｍ），Ｂｉ是回归系数国，Ｙ＝（ｙ（１），…，（ｙ（ｎ））‘和ε＝（ε（１），…，ε（ｓ）’分别是ｎ×ｐ观测资料矩阵和ｓ×ｐ随机误差矩阵。     

三元GaxIn1-xP和四元(AlxGa1-x)0.51In0.49P合金拉曼光谱研究

测量了室温下三元ＧａｘＩｎ１－ｘＰ（ｘ＝０．４８）和四元（ＡｌｘＧａ１－ｘ）０．５１Ｉｎ０．４９Ｐ（ｘ＝０．２９）合金背散射配置下的喇曼光谱。三元ＧａｘＩｎ１－ｘＰ的喇曼谱表现为双模形式,在ＤＡＬＡ带上叠加了ＦＬＡ模,在有序样品中观察到了类ＧａＰ的ＴＯ１横和类ＩｎＰ的ＴＯ２模,类ＧａＰ的ＬＯ１模和类ＩｎＰ的ＬＯ２模的分裂,表示有序度的ｂ／ａ比从无序样品的０．４０变化到有序样品的０．１０,有序样品ｂ     

多元线性超结构关系模型参数估计的大样本性质

讨论了如下线性超结构关系模型βｘｋ＋α＝０，ζｋ＝ｘｋ＋εｋｋ＝１，２，．．．ｎ，（εｋ，ｋ＝１，２，．．．ｎ）ｉ，ｉ，ｄ，Ｅ（ε１）＝０，Ｖａｒ（ε１）＝σ＾Ｉｍ其中（ｘｋ，ｋ＝１，２，．．．．，ｎ）为相互独立的ｍ维ｒ．ｖ．列，且和随机误差（ε，ｋ＝１，２，．．．．，ｎ）相互独立，在一定条件下，证明了ＬＳ估计量β，α，σ＾２的强相合性，唯一性，并给出了估计量的一类ａ．ｓ．收敛速度０（ｎ＾－１／２     

φ形式的Khintchine不等式

推广Ｋｈｉｎｔｃｈｉｎｅ不等式，对于一类φ函数，得到φ－１Σｎ１φ（｜ａｊ｜）≤ｃ１２ｎΣε１…Σεｎ｜ε１ａ１＋…＋εｎａｎ｜其中εｉ＝±１，Σ对所有（ε１，…，εｎ）取值作为应用，得到Ｈ１函数的小波级数的一个φ不等式：∫Ｒｎφ－１Σλ∈Ｆφ（｜（ｆ，ψλ）ψλ（ｘ）｜）ｄｘ≤ｃ     

锂快离子导体Li_(1 2x y)Al_xYb_yTi_(2-x-y)Si_xP_(3-x)O_(12)系统的研究

以ＬｉＴｉ２（ＰＯ４）３为基以天然高岭石为起始原料,经高温固相反应（９５０～１１５０℃）制得了 一系列锂快离子导体材料Ｌｉ１＋２ｘ＋ｙＡｌｘＹｂｙＴｉ２－ｘ－ｙＳｉｘＰ３－ｘＯ１２（以下简称Ａｌ－Ｙｂ－Ｌｉｓｉｃｏｎ）．系统 的合成温度随ｘ和ｙ值的增大而降低．应用交流阻抗技术测定的电导率数据结果表明ｙ＝０．３, ｘ＝０．１的合成物的电导率最好,４００℃时电导率达２．４５×１０－２Ｓ／ｃｍ, ２００～４００℃内的电导激 活能为３８．３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．ＸＲＤ分析结果表明在ｙ＝０．３,ｘ≤０４及ｙ＝０．５,ｘ≤０．３的组成范围内 均能得到空间群为Ｒ３ｃ的合成物．     

无Co混合导电型陶瓷透氧膜的制备和性质研究

首次合成了Ｓｒ１０－ｎ／２ＢｉｎＦｅ２０Ｏｍ（ｎ＝２，４，６，８，１０等）系列氧化物透氧膜，它们具有较高的透氧能力，其中，样品ｎ＝１０在１１００Ｋ时的透氧率为０．９０ｍｌ（ＳＴＤ）／（ｃｍ２·ｍｉｎ），比Ｓｒ１－ｘＢｉｘＦｅＯ３高约两倍．Ｓｒ１－ｘＢｉｘＦｅＯ３（ｘ＝０．１，０．３，０．５）系列的透氧率随Ｂｉ含量增加而增大．通过两个系列氧化物的ＸＲＤ和化学组成的对比，发现Ｂｉ离子含量和晶格空位浓度对透氧能力大小起决定性作用．     

Li1+2x+yAlxNdyTi2-x-ySixP3-xO12系统的锂快离子导体研究

Ｌｉ１＋２ｘ＋ｙＡｌｘＮｄｙＴｉ２－ｘ－ｙＳｉｘＰ３－ｘＯ１２锂快离子导体可以用精选的天然高岭石Ａｌ４「Ｓｉ４Ｏ１０」（ＯＨ）８为起始原料，经与Ｌｉ２Ｃｏ３、ＴｉＯ２、ＮＨ４Ｈ２ＰＯ４进行高温（８００－１０００℃固相反应约２０ｈ而制得，一个空间群属于Ｒ３Ｃ的固溶体导电相可在ｙ＝０．５，ｘ≤０．３和ｙ＝１．０，ｘ≤０．４的组成范围内发现，该盯具有较好的电导性较低的活化能，起始组成ｙ＝１．０，ｘ＝０．     

Bi2（Te1—xSex）3单晶生长热力学研究

本工作研究了Ｂｉ－Ｆｅ－Ｓｅ三元相在富Ｂｉ２Ｔｅ３区的相图。测定了Ｂｉ２Ｔｅ３和Ｂｉ２Ｓｅ３从５５０℃到它们的熔点范围内的等浓度线,用移动加热器（ＴＨＭ）法生长Ｂｉ２（Ｔｅ１－ｘＳｅｘ）３（ｘ＝０．０２５和ｘ＝０．０５）。用霍尔（Ｈａｌｌ）效应测定这些化合物在富Ｔｅ区的固线,研究表明,可再生法生长热力学定义的单晶是可能的。     

溶胶—凝胶法合成Li2＋xBxSi1—xO3及其离子导电性能的研究

用溶胶－凝胶法合成了Ｌｉ２＋ｘＢｘＳｉ１－ｘＯ３（ｘ＝０－０．５）,发现形成固溶体的范围是０〈ｘ≤０．２。对其离子导电性的研究发现,当ｘ＝０．３时出现电导率极大值。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...