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采用QBWP-6000J型简支梁旋转弯曲疲劳试验机测定了高疲劳寿命工程机械用钢Q345FCA的疲劳寿命;采用扫描电镜(SEM)对疲劳断口形貌进行了观察,并用附带的能谱仪(EDS)寻找断口上的夹杂物;借助夹杂物自动分析系统对钢中的夹杂物进行了分析。通过对试验数据的分析,计算得出了Q345FCA钢和Q345钢夹杂物的表面临界尺寸、次表面临界尺寸和内部临界尺寸。结果表明,Q345FCA钢的疲劳极限为273 MPa,Q345钢的疲劳极限为266 MPa。Q345FCA钢和Q345钢中夹杂物尺寸均小于临界夹杂物尺寸,且断口形貌显示所有疲劳断裂均不是由夹杂物所引起,夹杂物不是疲劳源。 相似文献
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研究了54SiCrV6和54SiCr6两种洁净高强弹簧钢的超高周疲劳行为,并利用FESEM和EPMA对疲劳断口进行了观察.实验结果表明,在高应力幅区,两种弹簧钢的疲劳破坏均起源于表面基体;而在低应力幅长寿命区,疲劳开裂均发生在试样内部.54SiCrV6钢的S-N曲线为典型的台阶式曲线,在10^9循环周次内,其疲劳极限消失;而54SiCr6钢存在疲劳极限.疲劳断口分析表明,54SiCrV6钢内部破坏是由钢中小夹杂物聚集引起的,而在54SiCr6钢中则起源于碳化物的偏聚.临界夹杂物尺寸的估算表明,当高强弹簧钢中的夹杂物尺寸大于临界夹杂物尺寸时,其疲劳极限消失. 相似文献
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采用真空感应熔炼+真空自耗重熔(VIM+VAR)工艺制备16Cr3NiWMoVNbE齿轮钢。测定了试验钢的疲劳极限和S-N曲线。通过观察断口,分析疲劳萌生类型和影响因素。结果表明:疲劳极限强度达到773 MPa,疲劳裂纹萌生于表面驻留滑移带、表面缺陷、近表面夹杂物和次表面夹杂物。表面驻留滑移带萌生疲劳裂纹占13%,表面缺陷萌生裂纹占33.3%,近表面夹杂物萌生占40%,次表面夹杂物萌生占13%。当疲劳裂纹萌生于内部夹杂物时,疲劳寿命随应力的增大而减小;在一定实际应力作用下,疲劳寿命随夹杂物尺寸的增大而减小。随着实际应力增加,疲劳裂纹萌生的夹杂物临界尺寸减小。 相似文献
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为了控制Q195钢中非金属夹杂物在凝固冷却过程的转变,采用ASPEX自动扫描电镜研究了实际生产凝固冷却过程夹杂物的转变,并用FactSage软件理论计算了这一过程夹杂物转变的热力学原理。研究结果表明:Si-Mn-Al复合脱氧Q195热轧带钢中间包内夹杂物主要成分为SiO2-MnO-Al2O3,连铸坯中硫化物夹杂质量分数急剧升高,氧化物夹杂中SiO2质量分数升高,MnO质量分数下降。钢中夹杂物成分与尺寸有明显对应关系,中间包内夹杂物尺寸越大,Al2O3质量分数越多,SiO2质量分数越低;铸坯中夹杂物尺寸越小,MnS质量分数越高,氧化物夹杂尺寸越小,SiO2质量分数越高。FactSage热力学计算表明,在钢凝固冷却过程,钢中会析出SiO2相、Mn2Al4Si5O18相和MnS相,析出相尺寸一般较小,使小尺寸夹杂物中SiO2和MnS质量分数升高,热力学理论计算可以较好地解释夹杂物成分在凝固冷却过程的转变。 相似文献
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《铸造技术》2017,(9):2168-2172
钢液中夹杂物大多以凝聚态形式存在,通过建立凝聚态夹杂物粘附模型,研究了凝聚态夹杂物之间及其与耐材表面之间的粘附机理。结果表明:凝聚态夹杂物间粘附力数量级在10-5N,且粘附力随夹杂物与弯月面接触角、钢液表面张力增大而增大。不同尺寸凝聚态夹杂物粘附时,粘附力随夹杂物间距增大而减小,随两夹杂物半径差的增大而增大;同尺寸凝聚态夹杂物发生粘附时,粘附力比同条件下不同尺寸夹杂物间粘附力显著减小,最大值为不同尺寸夹杂物间粘附力的0.56倍。凝聚态夹杂物与耐材表面间的粘附力随液桥与耐材表面接触角、夹杂物与壁面间距增大而减小,随凝聚态夹杂物动力半径与弯月面弧所在圆的半径之差、钢液表面张力增大而增大。分析结果对研究钢液中夹杂物物理吸附过程具有一定指导作用。 相似文献
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基于定量金相检测的大颗粒夹杂物的尺寸,应用 ASTME2283中极值分析的标准化方法(最大似然估计法)对帘线钢冶炼过程所取试样中夹杂物尺寸分布进行了统计分析,并采用 SEM/XPS对大尺寸夹杂物进行了成分检测。分析结果表明:在逆程周期为 1000的检测条件下,通过极值分析方法可计算出试样中相对应 99.90%概率的最大夹杂物尺寸,客观描述了帘线钢中夹杂物尺寸分布特征;某一视场或不同视场内发现不同成分类型的大尺寸夹杂物: CaO-SiO2类和 SiO2-MnO类两类夹杂物具有不同的尺寸分布规律;软吹 40min时 SiO2-MnO类夹杂物出现大尺寸概率明显小于 CaO-SiO2类夹杂物,说明大尺寸夹杂物主要为 CaO-SiO2类夹杂物。 相似文献
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基于单个球形夹杂物为研究对象,忽略夹杂物间及对流等因素的影响,对比计算了钢液中夹杂物的匀速及加速上浮时间,并分析了密度条件和夹杂物尺寸对上浮时间的影响。结果表明,上浮时间与匀速处理时相对误差较小,可以将夹杂物的上浮按照匀速过程处理;浇铸前钢液进行5~10 min镇静处理,可使钢液中密度为2 700~3 100 kg/m3的尺寸较大夹杂物(dФ50μm)完全上浮,有效避免铸钢件上表面或铸锭上部产生夹渣或夹杂类缺陷,减少轧材或轧板的表面缺陷。随夹杂物颗粒密度增大,其上浮时间将延长。而夹杂物尺寸的减小,上浮时间急剧上升,正比于1/r2。 相似文献
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目的 通过对不同微观组织铁素体/马氏体双相钢进行表面纳米化处理,探究材料表面晶粒细化和塑性变形机理。方法 采用超音速微粒轰击(SFPB)技术对经临界区退火(IA)、中间淬火(IQ)和分级淬火(SQ)后的双相钢进行纳米化处理,采用SEM、OM和XRD研究试验钢表面SFPB前后的微观组织特征,采用显微硬度仪测试其表面硬度,采用拉伸实验测试其力学性能。结果 热处理后,IA、IQ和SQ试样马氏体组织分别呈岛状、纤维状和块状,IQ试样平均晶粒尺寸最小,但马氏体体积分数最大。SFPB工艺处理后,双相钢表面形成了一定厚度的梯度纳米晶层(GNS),该晶层内的晶粒尺寸均达到纳米级别,且随距离表面深度的增大而增大。IA-GNS、IQ-GNS和SQ-GNS试样表面硬度分别为285.9、266.7、382.1HV,抗拉强度分别为771.30、820.02、663.81 MPa,延伸率分别为8.89%、14.70%、10.04%。IQ-GNS试样断口以韧窝为主,SQ-GNS和IA-GNS试样断口韧窝较少,有明显裂纹开口。结论 表面产生强烈塑性变形时,由于位错的分割作用,表面晶粒尺寸细化至纳米级,材料强度大幅提高,同时纳米级纤维状马氏体微观组织的存在使得IQ-GNS试样保持了较高的塑韧性。 相似文献
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Ti28.35Al63.4Nb8.25 (at.%) intermetallic compound coatings were sprayed onto 316 L stainless steel substrates by HVOF processes using various parameters. By varying the grit blasting pressure between 0.11 and 0.55 MPa, the effects of substrate roughness on the adhesion of TiAlNb thermal sprayed coatings were investigated. The microstructure, porosity and microhardness of the coatings were characterized by SEM, XRD, Image Analysis and Vickers hardness analysis. The tensile adhesion test (TAT) specified by ASTM C 633-79 was used to measure the tensile bonding strength of the coating. The results show that the coatings with substrate roughness of 8.33 μm displayed the best combined strength. TiAlNb coatings had a lamellar microstructure with different spraying parameters. The porosity, bonding strength, microhardness of coatings were assessed in relation to the spraying processes. The thickness of bond coat on the bond strength of coatings was also discussed. 相似文献
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The radio frequency argon plasma was applied to improve surface properties of the PBO fiber. The fiber tensile strength was measured, and the surface chemical components, topography and wettability were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy and dynamic contact angle analysis (DCAA), respectively. Results suggested that over 90% of the fiber tensile strength was reserved after treatment at lower power levels. The surface oxygen atoms increased with a very small extent and the O/C ratio increased from 0.25 to 0.29. The plasma sputtering caused scission of chemical bonds and damage to the surface crystallizing layers, and thus created many active functional groups and roughened surface. However, at high power conditions the more effective ablation and sputtering effects dramatically reduced the tensile strength, surface oxygen contents and roughness. The fiber surface wettability was markedly increased as a result of the functionalization and roughening effects, but the calculated polar and dispersive free energy did not agree well with the measured surface chemical components due to the different effective depths of the surface layers analyzed by DCAA and XPS. The increased roughness was considered to be another reason. The treated fiber exhibited better adhesion with bismaleimide resin, but the maximum interlaminar shear strength of the PBO/bismaleimide composite could not be reproduced by increasing the treatment time at lower power level conditions. 相似文献
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对高强度船体结构钢DH36钢板进行了摩擦柱塞焊工艺试验研究,对焊接接头微观组织、显微硬度、抗拉强度及连接界面处冲击吸收功进行了观察与测试,对连接界面处拉伸断口进行了扫描电镜观察.结果表明,采用优化摩擦柱塞焊工艺可成功实现DH36高强度钢和柱塞的冶金连接,焊缝区出现明显的硬化倾向,其显微硬度最高可达333 MPa;焊接接头抗拉强度高于母材,连接界面处拉伸断口具有微小等轴韧窝和解理断裂的混合特征,但接头连接界面处冲击吸收功为37 J±5 J,明显低于母材205 J.这是由于焊接热循环过程中在母材与柱塞连接界面附近产生了大量贝氏体及魏氏体铁素体组织导致的韧性降低造成的. 相似文献
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Toshihiko Hoshide Masato Hirano 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2010,19(4):562-567
The durability of coated materials with high performance should be adequately evaluated prior to their application. This study
aims at establishing a procedure to estimate the durability of such materials. In this study, a borosilicate glass was coated
with ceramic films by a radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method, and mechanical properties of materials coated with
single ceramic materials, alumina (Al2O3), silicon carbide (SiC), or titanium nitride (TiN), were investigated. Roughness and hardness were measured as surface characteristics
of coated glass. The strength of coated glass was evaluated under three-point bending mode. It was found that the strength
properties were improved by coating ceramic materials on glass. As for the strength properties, TiN-coated glass was superior
to Al2O3- or SiC-coated glass, although the surface of TiN-coated glass was rougher compared with that of Al2O3- or SiC-coated glass. A new procedure to estimate the strength of coated materials was proposed by incorporating relative
hardness and roughness variations with sputtering time. The strength in experiments was adequately estimated by using the
proposed procedure. 相似文献
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辅助磨擦对镍电铸层力学性能的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在磨擦辅助电铸镍过程中,通过改变游离微珠对电铸层表面的磨擦强弱,制备不同力学性能的镍电铸层。对所制备镍电铸层的表面形貌、织构等微观结构和显微硬度、抗拉强度及伸长率等性能进行测试和分析。结果表明:采用卧式放置的阴极能制得材料组织结构均匀的电铸层。且随着阴极表面线速度的提高,游离微珠对电铸层的整平作用和晶粒细化作用增强。在不同线速度下采用旋转阴极可以制备大范围力学性能的镍电铸层,其表面粗糙度为0.15~0.03μm、硬度为185~410HV、抗拉强度为525~1 020 MPa、伸长率为24%~4%。 相似文献
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目的研究58Si Mn高强度钢表面完整性评价指标受切削参数影响的变化规律。方法分别设计单因素和正交试验,采用涂层硬质合金刀具对58Si Mn高强度钢进行车削加工试验,通过采集相关数据,分别讨论了切削深度、进给速度和切削速度变化对表面粗糙度、残余应力、显微硬度和表层微观组织变化等方面的影响。结果进给速度对表面粗糙度的影响最显著,切削速度次之,切削深度的变化对表面粗糙度无直接影响。已加工表面的残余应力随切削速度和进给量的增大而增大。显微硬度随切削深度的增大而减小,随进给量的增大而增大,层深上的显微硬度则呈现先减小后增大的趋势。表层微观组织受切削速度影响不大,未出现明显的相变和晶粒歪曲。结论降低进给速度是减小工件表面粗糙度最直接有效的方法,提高切削速度并不能使表面粗糙度明显减小。工件表面的轴向和切向残余应力均为拉应力,为提高零件使用性能,应采取相应的措施使之转化为压应力。 相似文献
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Jacek Górka 《Welding International》2016,30(3):196-201
The article presents the properties of thermo-mechanically treated welds of steel S700 MC with a thickness of 10 mm, created using various welding methods and with different values of supplied linear welding energy. The metallographic evaluation, tensile strength testing and hardness measurements allowed us to assess the structure and properties of the welds and evaluate the influence of the amount of heat supplied to the welding area on the tensile strength, impact strength and hardness of welds. 相似文献
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陈冬 《稀有金属材料与工程》2019,48(1):165-170
采用纳米压痕技术对铸态U-5.5Nb合金中Nb_2C、U(C,N)以及基体力学性能进行了表征,根据获得的硬度值计算了屈服强度和塑性指数。实验结果表明Nb_2C夹杂物的弹性模量和硬度最大,而U(C,N)夹杂物的弹性模量和硬度远小于Nb_2C但明显高于基体;计算结果显示Nb_2C夹杂物屈服强度最高而塑性指数值最小,倾向于发生弹性变形,U(C,N)夹杂物强度低但塑性指数值最大,更容易发生塑性变形并发生破裂。基体多步循环加载获得的弹性模量和硬度值与单次加载基本一致,并且弹性模量值和文献中报道的单向拉伸实验测得的值相符。 相似文献
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The effects of super gravity field on the structure and the mechanical properties of iron foils electrodeposited were investigated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the iron foils with finer grains and smoother surfaces were obtained in the super gravity field. The roughness was reduced from 21 nm to 6 nm with the increasing gravity coefficient (G) from 1 to 354. The preferred orientation of (110) plane was inhibited by the super gravity field, which may be due to the effect of the enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction on the surface energy of the iron's various crystal planes in the super gravity field. Consequently, both hardness and tensile strength were improved for the iron foils deposited in the super gravity field. The tensile strength was increased from 264 MPa to 719 MPa, and the hardness was increased from 176 Hv to 478 Hv when G value increased from 1 to 354. 相似文献
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为研究激光冲击处理对690高强钢表面完整性的影响,采用不同功率密度的脉冲激光冲击690高强钢试样,借助光学轮廓仪、X射线应力仪、硬度计和透射电镜,测试分析激光冲击前后690高强钢试样的表面三维形貌、硬度、残余应力和微观组织的变化。结果表明:不同功率密度的激光冲击后,690钢的表面粗糙度增大;随着激光功率密度的增加,试样表面轮廓的最大高度Ry从1.814 μm增至3.247 μm。不同功率密度的激光冲击后,试样残余应力均值由-122 MPa增加至-296 MPa,显微硬度的均值由277 HV0.1 增加至355 HV0.1。与未进行激光冲击强化试样相比,激光冲击处理使690高强钢试样表层晶粒不断细化,且功率密度越大表层晶粒尺寸越小。 相似文献