基础油对超微化膨润土润滑脂流变性能的影响研究

以超微化前后膨润土粉体为稠化剂,考察基础油对膨润土润滑脂触变性、储能模量、损耗模量和应力等流变参数的影响,采用红外定量的方法对影响机理进行了分析。实验表明,超微化膨润土粉体所制润滑脂有良好的触变性和较高的储能模量,环烷基油所制膨润土润滑脂有较高结构强度,且膨润土对基础油中不同烃类有选择性吸收作用。     

纳米二氧化锆添加剂对润滑脂摩擦学性能影响的研究

为研究纳米二氧化锆作为添加剂对润滑脂摩擦性能的影响,制备了不同比例纳米二氧化锆的润滑脂,采用四球摩擦试验机以及高温往复式摩擦磨损试验机研究了纳米二氧化锆对润滑脂摩擦学性能的影响.利用激光粒度分析仪、粉末X射线衍射仪、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对纳米二氧化锆进行表征,利用金相显微镜、三维形貌仪对磨损表面的三维形貌进行了表征.结...     

以羊毛酸锂皂作防锈润滑脂稠化剂

羊毛酸锂是以羊毛脂为原料经皂化、抽提除去羊毛醇精制得到的一价金属皂。采用α-烯烃基础油、20％羊毛酸锂作稠化剂兼缓蚀剂配制的润滑脂,滴点110℃,-45℃针入度108通过海水全浸-潮湿箱试验4周期,相当于10a的防绣能力。羊毛酸锂是一种新型的缓蚀剂兼稠化剂。     

关于套管螺纹锈蚀的影响因素与储存脂防锈机理的研究

在外界环境中水、氧气、电解质、高温等条件的影响下,金属表面发生电化学反应是导致套管螺纹锈蚀的根本原因.为了防止套管因锈蚀而造成的早期失效,通过盐雾试验评定结合室外实际考察,探讨了稠化剂、添加剂等组分以及外界条件对以高碱值复合磺酸钙为原料制得的套管螺纹储存脂防锈性能的影响.结果 表明:稠化剂所具有的吸附、增溶、酸中和等特...     

纳米碳管/石墨烯导电硅脂的性能

分别以不同含量的纳米碳管和石墨烯为添加剂,二甲基硅油为基础油,聚四氟乙烯作稠化剂,制备了导电润滑硅脂.分别采用SYP4110-I润滑脂宽温度范围滴点测试仪、GEST-121体积电阻测定仪和MFT-R4000往复摩擦磨损试验机对硅脂的滴点、体积电阻率和摩擦学性能进行测试,采用扫描电子显微镜观察钢盘磨斑表面形貌,XPS能谱仪分析磨损表面元素组成.结果表明,两种添加剂都可以提高硅脂的滴点、导电性和摩擦学性能;且在添加量相同时,纳米碳管对硅脂滴点、导电性和摩擦学性能的改善优于石墨烯,当纳米碳管和石墨烯含量为0.2％时,制备的导电硅脂均具有更优异的抗磨减摩性能.XPS分析表明,在金属表面生成的摩擦保护膜是提高摩擦副抗磨减摩性能的根本原因.     

非皂基高温功能润滑脂摩擦学性能

将天然硅酸盐矿物凹凸棒石粉体,分别经硅烷偶联剂KH-550和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)表面有机改性,在粉体表面成功接枝有机基团。以有机改性后的凹凸棒石粉体作为稠化剂,制备出滴点高于280℃的不同稠度标号的高温润滑脂。用国标和行业标准考察了各脂样的技术指标。采用德国Optimal SRV-Ⅳ摩擦磨损实验机评价各脂样在定载变速和定速变载条件下的摩擦学性能,借助SEM、EDS和XPS对摩擦副表面进行了分析测试。结果表明,各脂样的技术指标均符合国标和行业标准对润滑脂性能的要求,且具有优良的极压性;KH-550改性的凹凸棒石所制备的脂样的摩擦学性能受载荷和速度的影响较大,整体低于CTAB改性凹凸棒石所制备的脂样;以凹凸棒石为稠化剂制备的高温润滑脂在润滑过程中,具有在摩擦表面形成修复层的功能。     

含巯基苯并噻唑官能团润滑油添加剂的制备及其摩擦学性能

为了开发摩擦性能好的多功能润滑油添加剂,制备了一种分子中含有巯基苯并噻唑官能团的有机硼酸酯化合物添加剂BTSB,采用红外光谱、元素分析等方法对其结构进行了表征.将BTSB加入Priolube 3970多元醇酯基础油中,在四球磨损试验机上考察了BTSB的摩擦学性能.结果表明,制备的BTSB添加剂在基础油中具有良好的抗磨、减摩性能和突出的极压性能,在工业润滑油中具有良好的应用前景.     

中档润滑脂基础油生产及质量分析

以辽河环烷基常三线加氢脱酸油为原料,采用糠醛精制溶剂脱氮白土补充精制工艺,选择浅度的糠醛精制条件,适宜的脱氮剂和白土加入量,在实验室内研制出适合生产中档润滑脂的基础油,通过应用厂家的小试评定,评定结果表明:研制的中档润滑脂基础油同工业生产的6号环烷油均能生产出优级品的中档润滑脂,研制产品生产的润滑脂的颜色和抗老化性能好于6号环烷油生产的润滑脂。中档润滑脂基础油收率达到87wt%,和6号环烷油比较,不但氧化安定性得到改善,而且收率提高29wt%以上,经济效益十分显著。     

新型苯基甲基硅油

江苏海门市宇华合成树脂厂采用二苯基甲基硅氧烷与苯基甲基硅氧烷为封端的非传统合成路线，研制出苯基甲基硅油ＨＭ２５５。该产品合成路线短、成本低，硅油外观是无色至黄色透明液体，闪点（开口法）≥３００℃，粘度可任意调节。可应用于化纤、化妆品、医药、ＰＶＣ添加剂、高温热载体、高温润滑油及润滑脂基础油新型苯基甲基硅油     

PAO基础油与不同防锈添加剂配合时的油效应

为了研究聚α-烯烃(PAO)基础油与不同防锈添加剂配合时的油效应,选取TW742和T704 2种防锈添加剂,分别加入4种PAO基础油中配成防锈油,通过湿热试验和盐水浸渍试验评价防锈油的防锈性能,探讨了基础油在防锈油中的油效应。结果表明:TW742与不同PAO基础油形成的防锈油都有很好的耐湿热和耐盐水浸渍性能,而T704与不同PAO基础油形成的防锈油耐湿热性能很好,但耐盐水浸渍性能较差;PAO基础油与不同防锈添加剂配合时的油效应是不一样的,与TW742配合时主要是与之结合使保护膜完整致密,与T704配合时主要是作为一种载体。     

机械油中添加剂对铜-钢摩擦副的磨损自补偿效应

运用改装的四球试验机考察了ZSC添加剂在N68油中对铜-钢摩擦副的磨损自补偿效应，研究表明：ZSC添加剂具有优异的减摩和节能效应，对铜-钢摩擦副及其配件产生了优异的自补偿耐磨效应，零磨损效应和自修复效应。     

Development of viscosity transfer standards from Chitosan/gelatin mixtures

This paper reports the degree of stability of the viscosity of Chitosan/gelatin mixtures having viscosity from 1 mm²/s to 161 mm²/s. The kinematic viscosity of the five liquids, was determined at 20 °C and 25 °C. To test the stability of the viscosity of these oils, we have repeated the measurements of the kinematic and dynamic viscosity at 20 °C and 25 °C, several times for a period of two years. The measurements were carried out using standard viscometers and water bath, where temperature stability was about ± 0.02 °C. The variations of the viscosity for the oils under test during two years interval were within the ranges of uncertainty of measurements. The results obtained show that these oils can be used for a period of two years with stable physical and chemical composition and in turn their measured viscosity values. These recommended viscosity standards will be of great importance for many applications e.g., thickeners, food, textile, sizings, petrol and medical industries because they verify a wide calibration ranges of viscosity values for different industries.     

Chemie gegen Reibung und Verschleiß: Untersuchung molekularer Wirkungsmechanismen von Schmierstoffadditiven

Chemistry against friction and wear: Examining surface reactions of lubricant additives Although greases and oils are able to reduce friction without other substances being added, blending with additives is essential for todays high‐performance lubricants. Only these synthetic additives yield the desired characteristics of the final product, which is often designed specially for a particular application. In most cases, however, the underlying chemical mechanism is not exactly understood. For anti‐wear additives it will be shown how modern surface chemistry can help to understand the effectiveness of those substances and thus contribute to a systematic additive optimization.     

CH3COONa·3H2O相变储能性能研究

三水醋酸钠(CH3COONa.3H2O)由于潜热较高而常作为相变储能材料被众多学者研究;而其适宜的熔点,使其能适用于家用热水储能系统等。然而,三水合醋酸钠在相变过程中存在着严重的过冷和相分离的问题。本文以三水合醋酸钠作为相变基体材料,经研究、比较分别以羧甲基纤维素、明胶作为增稠剂,添加各种成核剂后的各体系的相变储能性能,从而得出羧甲基纤维素比明胶作为该体系的增稠剂的效果好得多,Na2SiO3.9H2O、Na2B4O7.10H2O的成核效果较好。     

Applications of carbon quantum dots in lubricant additives: a review

Advances in lubricants are vital to the pursuit of energy efficiency and sustainable development. It is well known that the essence of lubricating oil is lubricant additives, especially the friction-reducing and anti-wear additives. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), a novel zero-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterial, have attained growing expectations in material and chemical sciences because of their extraordinary properties such as low toxicity and environmentally friendly, high chemical and thermal stability, and good designability. Since their discovery, CQDs have shown great potential in many applications including sensors, medicine, photovoltaic devices, biology, and tribology. The latest application of CQDs as the high-performance friction-reducing and anti-wear additives has garnered increasing attention. With the in-depth study, CQDs have gradually exhibited their excellent tribological properties, especially acted as additives in lubricating base oils. This paper has reviewed the progress in the research and development of CQDs-based lubricant additives by introducing lots of successful applications of CQDs-based additives in the present work and then highlighted the friction-reducing and anti-wear property, superiority, as well as the lubrication mechanism of CQDs as an additive, along with some discussion on challenges and perspectives in this significant and promising field. Finally, we offered a series of suggestions for developing the next-generation high-performance CQDs-based lubricant additives.

Graphical abstract

This work presented the carbon quantum dots as the lubricant additives of lubricating base oils.

     

Influence of selected WMA additives on viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt mixes and pavements

Warm mix asphalt additives are effective in decreasing production, laying and compaction temperatures of asphalt mixes. However, there are still questions concerning influence of warm mix additives on properties of asphalt mixes and pavement performance. This paper presents results of the comprehensive research of viscoelastic behaviour of asphalt mixes and pavement structures with layers made with warm mix asphalt additives at high temperatures. Two additives of significantly different effects on mixes at higher temperatures were selected for analysis, namely aliphatic synthetic wax produced with the use of Fisher–Tropsch method and formulation of surfactant- based molecules (ionic and non-ionic). Viscoelastic properties of mixes with these two additives and, as a reference mix, with neat unmodified asphalt binder were determined in uniaxial compression with sinusoidal loading using Asphalt Mixture Performance Test. The viscoelastic analysis of pavement structures was performed with use of the VEROAD software and data from laboratory testing. Two different pavement structures were analysed, for light and heavy traffic. The temperature distribution in pavement structure during the hottest summer day in northern Poland in 2012 was taken into account. The model of pavement was loaded with moving wheel at different speeds. The analysis has shown that two tested warm mix additives had different effect on viscoelastic transient response at high temperatures. One of them (Fischer–Tropsch wax) evidently caused an increase in resistance of asphalt mix and pavement structure to loading at high temperature. The second additive (formulation of surfactant-based molecules) slightly reduced resistance of asphalt mix and pavement to loading at high temperatures as compared with the reference mix.     

纳米流体在摩擦领域中的应用

为了寻找更好的润滑剂使机械零件的磨损最小化,人们尝试把纳米材料加入到基础润滑油里形成的纳米流体,与传统的润滑油相比,该流体具有更好的减摩抗磨性能。文中介绍了纳米流体的制备方法,包括单步法及两步法,并评价了各自的优缺点;详细论述了多种纳米颗粒添加剂对基础润滑油摩擦学性能的影响;指出了纳米流体后续研究中需要注意的一些问题。     

The measurements of vapor liquid phase equilibrium for R717 + R152a system at temperatures ranging from 253.150 K to 293.150 K

In contrast to pure ammonia, some additives into it may provide better solubility of the mineral oils, higher refrigeration capacity and lower discharge temperature of the compressor. In this paper, the vapor liquid phase equilibrium for the ammonia + 1,1-difluoroethane system at temperatures ranging from 253.150 K to 293.150 K were studied. The Peng–Robinson equation of state with the Huron–Vidal mixing rule involving the non-random two-liquid activity coefficient model was employed to describe the VLE behavior of the system concerned. The maximum average absolute relative deviation of pressure and average absolute deviation of vapor phase are 0.31% and 0.009, respectively. A positive azeotropic behavior was exhibited at the experimental temperature range.     

Engineered silica nanoparticles as additives in lubricant oils

Silica nanoparticles (SiO₂ NPs) synthesized by the sol–gel approach were engineered for size and surface properties by grafting hydrophobic chains to prevent their aggregation and facilitate their contact with the phase boundary, thus improving their dispersibility in lubricant base oils. The surface modification was performed by covalent binding of long chain alkyl functionalities using lauric acid and decanoyl chloride to the SiO₂ NP surface. The hybrid SiO₂ NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, simultaneous differential thermal analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance and dynamic light scattering, while their dispersion in two base oils was studied by static multiple light scattering at low (0.01% w/v) and high (0.50%w/v) concentrations. The nature of the functional layer and the functionalization degree seemed to be directly involved in the stability of the suspensions. The potential use of the functional SiO₂ NPs as lubricant additives in base oils, specially designed for being used in hydraulic circuits, has been outlined by analyzing the tribological properties of the dispersions. The dendritic structure of the external layer played a key role in the tribological characteristics of the material by reducing the friction coefficient and wear. These nanoparticles reduce drastically the waste of energy in friction processes and are more environmentally friendly than other additives.     

Nanodiamond-based nanolubricants for motor oils

Over the last few years, interest in applications of nanoparticles as lubricant additives has steadily grown due to the demonstrated reduction in friction and wear of nanoparticle-containing lubricant formulations (so-called nanolubricants). Particularly, studies of motor oils containing a “green” all-carbon additive, detonation nanodiamond (DND) particles, revealed their positive impact on the performance of lubricant compositions and fuel economy in engine tests. In the current review we discuss critical issues toward successful implementation of DND in nanolubricants: role of DND structural characteristics, stability of colloids of DND in oils, DND compatibility and synergism with other additives in commercial oils, mechanisms of DND impact on the properties of lubricants. Owing to the abrasive nature of diamond, DND-based nanolubricants must be carefully engineered in order to avoid increased wear of the friction surfaces and get full benefit from significantly reduced friction of well-polished surfaces.