铜冶炼烟尘的控电位氧化浸出（英文）

采用氧化浸出和电位控制技术从铜冶炼烟尘中浸出金属,研究H2O2用量、H2O2加入速度、初始盐酸浓度、浸出温度、初始液固比和浸出时间对金属浸出率的影响。最终得到最优浸出条件为:H2O2用量0.8mL/g(氧化还原电位为429 mV)、H2O2加入速度1.0 mL/min、初始硫酸浓度1.0 mol/L、初始盐酸浓度1.0 mol/L、浸出温度80°C、初始液固比5:1 mL/g以及浸出时间1.5 h。在此最优条件下,铜冶炼烟尘中的铜和砷能被有效地浸出,剩下的浸出渣可作为一种合适的铅冶炼资源。此时,铜、砷和铁的平均浸出率分别为95.27%、96.82%和46.65%。     

钒钛磁铁矿提钒尾渣浸取钒

采用硫酸氢氟酸次氯酸钠组合浸出体系浸取钒钛磁铁矿提钒尾渣中的钒,研究浸出过程中试剂浓度、浸出液固比、浸出温度、浸出时间、物料粒度对钒浸出率的影响。结果表明:钒的浸出率随试剂浓度、液固比、温度和时间的升高而增大;当矿物粒度小于0.20 mm时,钒浸出率有随矿物粒度变小而减小的趋势。在物料粒度0.15~0.25 mm、初始硫酸浓度150 g/L、初始氢氟酸浓度30 g/L、次氯酸钠加入量为矿量1.5%、矿浆液固比6:1、浸出温度90℃、浸出时间6 h、搅拌速度500 r/min的条件下,钒的浸出率可达85%以上。     

中非铜-钴氧化矿两段浸出过程

研究一种非洲铜-钴氧化矿两段浸出过程。采取两段浸出的目的是实现矿石中铜和钴的选择性浸出。第一段主要用硫酸浸出矿石中的铜,第二段用硫酸和还原剂浸出矿石中的钴。第一段浸出的最佳技术条件:矿石粒度小于75μm的比例占89%,硫酸加入量为铜-钴氧化矿质量的13%,液固比为4:1,浸出时间为60 min,温度为常温(25℃);第二段浸出的最佳技术条件:浸铜渣液固比为4:1,温度为65℃,时间为150 min,初始酸浓度为20 g/L,还原剂加入量为理论量的1.5倍。结果表明:两段浸出过程铜和钴的浸出率分别达到97.13%和96.05%。     

以含铜硒的粗碲为原料采用化学法制备高纯碲(英文)

以含铜、硒的粗碲为原料,采用硝酸氧化、盐酸浸出、二氧化硫还原、氢气气氛高温处理的化学方法制备高纯碲。在浓硝酸(69%)用量为化学计量的0.96倍、液固比为4:1、反应温度为20°C、反应时间为30min的条件下,用硝酸氧化粗碲,粗碲中铜的去除率达到99%。粗碲氧化后用盐酸浸出,在浓盐酸用量为化学计量的1.67倍、液固比为4:1、反应温度为20°C、反应时间为30min的条件下,碲的浸出率为99%。浸出液中Te(IV)经二氧化硫还原,碲粉纯度达到99.95%。碲粉在反应温度为730K的氢气中处理30min,其纯度由99.95%上升到99.9995%。     

氯化铅渣中铜、银和铅的分步浸出回收

采用分步浸出工艺回收铋精炼过程中产生的氯化铅渣中的铜、银和铅,先在低酸条件下浸出铜,与铅银分离,然后通过氨浸分银的方式实现铅与银的分离,用优化方案进行了流程试验。结果表明,在铜浸出阶段,控制反应初始pH为3,加入量为理论耗量1.1倍的硫酸钠,液固比为5:1,75 ℃浸出1.5 h,氯化铅渣浸出渣中铜含量降至0.1%,浸出液中银含量不超过2 mg/L;在银浸出阶段,控制氨水浓度为7%,50 ℃浸出1.5 h,浸出渣中银含量降低至100 g/t;流程试验结果表明工艺具有良好的综合回收效果。     

用碱性Na_2EDTA溶液从次氧化锌烟灰中选择性回收铅(英文)

采用碱性Na2EDTA溶液从次氧化锌烟灰中回收铅。探讨温度、浸出时间、Na2EDTA浓度和起始NaOH浓度对铅、锌浸出率的影响。得到最优实验条件如下:液固比5:1 mL/g、搅拌速度650 r/min、Na2EDTA浓度0.12mol/L、NaOH初始浓度0.5 mol/L、温度70°C、浸出时间120 min。在最优实验条件下,铅、锌、氟和氯的平均浸出率分别为89.92%、0.94%、62.84%和90.02%。浸出液用于电沉积铅粉。在温度为60°C、电流密度为200A/m2、H3PO4浓度为1.5 g/L、铅离子浓度不低于5 g/L时,电沉积铅粉平均电流效率大约为93%,阴极铅纯度高于98%。电沉积1 kg铅粉大约消耗0.218 kg Na2EDTA和0.958 kW·h电能。     

混合高温菌浸出黄铜矿及浸出过程中微生物群落的演替

研究3株极端嗜热古菌(金属硫叶菌,Sulfolobus metallicus JCM 9184;瑟杜生金属球菌,Metallosphaera sedula JCM 9185和万座酸菌,Acidianus manzaensis YN25)在不同起始pH值和不同温度条件下对黄铜矿的混合浸出,并对浸矿过程中混合菌群落的动态演替进行分析.结果表明:在起始pH 1.5时的铜浸出率明显高于在起始pH 2.5时的铜浸出率,而65 ℃条件下的铜浸出率高于75 ℃时的铜浸出率.利用限制性长度多态性(RFLP)分析65 ℃、起始pH 1.5条件下的微生物群落演替,结果显示:在黄铜矿的浸出前期Sulfolobus metallicus是占据优势的菌种,而到后期Acidianus manzaensis的比例则会上升,并最后取代Sulfolobus metallicus成为优势种.     

Na_2SO_3从硒碲富集物中浸出硒动力学(英文)

研究用Na2SO3溶液从硒碲富集物中浸出硒的动力学。该硒碲富集物的微观形貌主要为球状体和柱状体,其粒径范围为17.77～56.58μm,且其主要成分为41.73%Se和40.96%Te。研究Na2SO3浓度(126～315 g/L)、搅拌速度(100～400 r/min)、反应温度(23～95°C)、液固比(7:1～14:1)及硒碲富集物平均粒径(17.77～56.58μm)对Se浸出率的影响。结果表明:增加Na2SO3浓度、提高搅拌速度、升高反应温度和增加液固比均可以提高Se浸出率,而增大硒碲富集物的粒径会导致Se的浸出率降低;反应温度对Se浸出率影响较大,当反应温度从23°C升高至95°C时,Se浸出率从21%增至67%;该浸出过程符合Avrami模型,其模型特征参数和表观活化能分别为0.235和20.847kJ/mol。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出铁矿石脱磷技术

研究氧化亚铁硫杆菌（A.f菌）从含磷铁矿石中脱磷的可行性及工艺技术。结果表明：氧化亚铁硫杆菌可以浸出铁矿石中的磷,生物浸出脱磷应选择缺磷9 K培养基体系,添加黄铁矿可强化细菌浸出脱磷,矿浆初始pH对脱磷率有明显影响,合适的细菌接种量、亚铁初始含量及矿石粒度有利于生物浸出脱磷。对某含磷1.12%的铁矿石,以缺磷9 K培养基为浸出体系,添加质量比为20%的黄铁矿,在初始pH值为1.7-2.0的条件下,采用A.f菌进行生物浸出,获得的脱磷率为86.6%。     

黄铁矿对砷黄铁矿生物浸出的影响

为探明黄铁矿在砷黄铁矿生物浸出过程中的作用与影响,选择纯黄铁矿和砷黄铁矿组成的矿浆浸出体系,考察黄铁矿和砷黄铁矿质量比以及黄铁矿粒度对体系中砷的浸出率以及砷的氧化状态的影响。结果表明：砷的浸出率随黄铁矿与砷黄铁矿质量比的增加而升高,随黄铁矿粒度的增加而减少。当黄铁矿的粒度小于74μm、黄铁矿与砷黄铁矿质量比为10：2时,砷的最高浸出率为97.7%,比不添加黄铁矿时砷的浸出率提高了约43.18%。且黄铁矿可以加速As(Ⅲ)转化为As(Ⅴ),降低矿浆对细菌的毒害,使生物浸出体系细菌密度提高、pH下降、氧化还原电位φh升高并与砷黄铁矿形成原电池效应,从而促进砷黄铁矿的浸出。     

发电机铜导线腐蚀控制准动态模拟试验研究

通过准动态正交试验(L1645)，研究了时间、水温、转速、pH值、溶解氧等因素对发电机内冷水系统中铜导线腐蚀的影响.结果表明：各因素对铜腐蚀影响的顺序从大到小依次为：pH值、转速、溶解氧、试验时间、水温.当试液pH值分别为6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0时，对应Cu2+含量水平和平均值分别为：558、177、136、111(μg/L).在准动态试验条件下，将除盐水调节成微碱性，能有效抑制铜的腐蚀，Cu2+含量小于200 μg/L.       

低品位氧化铜矿氨-硫酸铵体系过硫酸铵氧化浸出

以过硫酸铵为氧化剂,研究低品位氧化铜矿在氨-硫酸铵体系氧化浸出工艺。讨论氨/铵离子摩尔比、总氨浓度,氨、硫酸铵和过硫酸铵的浓度,反应温度,液固比,反应时间和搅拌速度等操作条件对铜浸出的影响。结果表明:在92.8%的矿样粒径小于0.045 mm,氨、硫酸铵和过硫酸铵浓度分别为2.4、1.8和0.100 mol/L,浸出时间为90 min,温度为30℃,液固比(mL/g)为5:1,搅拌速度为500 r/min时的优化条件下,低品位铜矿的铜浸出率达87.7%。     

水平连铸直接复合成形铜包铝复合材料的组织与性能

研究了水平连铸直接复合成形铜包铝棒材的制备工艺和组织性能及退火处理对界面层塑性的影响。结果表明,采用水平连铸直接复合成形法在芯管长度L=210mm、铜铸造温度tCu=1230℃、铝铸造温度tAl=770～850℃、一次冷却水流量Q1=600L/h、二次冷却水流量Q2=600～800L/h、平均拉坯速度v=60～87mm/min的可行工艺窗口下能够制备出直径为30mm、铜包覆层厚度为3mm、质量良好的铜包铝复合棒材。在退火温度为530℃、保温时间为50min的工艺条件下,退火处理后可明显改善界面层的塑性。铜包铝复合棒材的抗拉强度和伸长率分别为80～94MPa和18%～31%。     

基于铜包铝复层圆坯水平连铸的数值模拟与试验研究

利用Fluent TM模拟软件研究芯部铝液浇注温度、拉坯速度等工艺参数对水平连铸铜/铝复层铸坯温度场、液相率及流场的影响,并进行试验验证。结果表明,芯部铝液浇注温度越高,与铜管接触的铝液温度越高,液穴深度越深,铝铜之间越易发生反应;拉坯速度越快,铝液液穴深度越深,液态铝与铜管壁接触时间越长。铝液浇注温度控制在710~730℃,拉坯速度为200mm/min时可以获得优质的铜/铝复层铸锭,模拟结果与试验结果具有较好的一致性。     

Leaching of cuprite through NH4OH in basic systems

Cuprite is a difficult oxide to leach under acidic conditions (for the maximum extraction of 50%). In this research, the feasibility of leaching cuprite in an ammoniacal medium was studied. The working conditions addressed here were the liquid/solid ratio (120:1–400:1 mL/g), stirring speed (0–950 r/min), temperature (10–45 °C) and NH₄OH concentration (0.05–0.15 mol/L). In addition, different ammoniacal reagents (NH₄F and (NH₄)₂SO₄) were analyzed. The experiments were performed in a 2 L reactor with a heating mantle and a condenser. The most important results were that the maximum leaching rate was obtained at pH 10.5, 0.10 mol/L NH₄OH, 45 °C, 4 h, 850 r/min and a liquid/solid ratio of 400:1, reaching a copper extraction rate of 82%. This result was related to the non-precipitation of copper in solution by the formation of copper tetra-amine. The liquid/solid ratio and stirring speed were essential for increasing the cuprite leaching. The maximum leaching rate was achieved at higher temperatures; however, significant copper leaching rate occurred at temperatures near the freezing point of water (17.9% over 4 h). Increasing NH₄OH concentration and decreasing particle size increased the cuprite leaching rate. The two ammoniacal reagents (NH₄F and (NH₄)₂SO₄) had low extraction rate of copper compared with NH₄OH. The kinetic model representing cuprite leaching was a chemical reaction on the surface. The order of the reaction with respect to the NH₄OH concentration was 1.8, and it was inversely proportional to the radius of the ore particles. The calculated activation energy was 44.36 kJ/mol in the temperature range of 10–45 °C.     

Mechanical properties of thixomolded AZ91D magnesium alloy

Tensile properties of thixomolded AZ91D alloy were studied to investigate the fracture mechanism by the microstructure and decohesion surfaces of tensile specimens which were manufactured at different processing conditions including barrel temperature, shot velocity, mold temperature and screw rotation speed. The results revealed that mechanical properties of thixomolded AZ91D mainly depended on porosity level, the size and volume fraction of primary solid phase and the size of α-Mg and β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ in liquid phase. The increase in barrel temperature and shot velocity would cause the increase of both strength and ductility, while increasing mold temperature or improving screw rotation speed was coupled by the reduction of tensile properties. The tensile behaviors for different processing parameters were reasonably interpreted through the dependant factors during the deformation.     

Mineralogical characterization and pretreatment for antimony extraction by ozone of antimony-bearing refractory gold concentrates

The mineralogical characterization of antimony-bearing refractory gold concentrates and the antimony extraction by ozone in HCl solution were investigated. The mineralogical study shows that there exist stibnite(Sb₂S₃), arsenopyrite(FeAsS), pyrite(FeS₂) and quartz in the concentrates, and the gold is mainly (67.42%) encapsulated in sulfides. The antimony extraction by ozone in hydrochloric acid was employed and the influences of temperature, liquid/solid ratio, HCl concentration and stirring speed on the extraction of antimony were investigated. High antimony extraction (93.75%) is achieved under the optimized conditions. After the pretreatment by ozone, the antimony is recovered efficiently and the gold is enriched in the leaching residue.     

Optimization of separation processing of copper and iron of dump bioleaching solution by Lix 984N in Dexing Copper Mine

The effects of the concentration of Lix 984N, phase ratio, initial pH value of aqueous phase and extraction time on the extraction of copper and iron under the condition of low Cu^2＋/Fe^3＋ ratio in dump bioleaching solution of Dexing Copper Mine were explored. The optimal conditions of extraction are as follows： the concentration of Lix 984N 10%; the phase ratio （O/A） 1：1; the initial pH value of aqueous phase 1.5 and the mixing time 2 min. The stripping experiments show that H2SO4 solution could efficiently recover copper from the organic phase under the optimal conditions.     

Nano Sized Copper Selenide Thin Film Pre-Cursor by A Liquid Phase Chemical Growth Process

The deposition of copper selenide(CuSe)thin films was carried out using liquid phase chemical bath deposition process at the optimized growth parameters as:60℃deposition temperature,90 minutes deposition time,pH equal to 10.5±0.1 and 72±2 r/min speed of mechanical rotation.The as-grown deposits exhibited excellent uniformity and physical adherency with the substrate surface and are smooth and diffusely reflecting with colour changing from yellowish orange to dark chocolate during deposition.The layer is of the order of 300 nm thick.The EDS analysis technique gave film composition to be nearly stoichiometric(Cu=47.89%,Se=52.11%).An X-ray diffraction analysis showed CuSe to be polycrystalline hexagonal with a good match of d-values and intensities of reflections.The crystallite size is in the nanorange(50-60 nm).The as-deposited CuSe exhibited a high coefficient of absorption(α=105cm-1)with a direct optical band gap of 1.81 eV.Compared to other chalcogenides,CuSe films exhibit low resistance;room temperature electrical resistivity being 1.55×103?cm.The electrical conductivity decreased with increase in temperature up to 473 K;showing totally unusual behaviour from that of the semiconducting property.The thermo probe measurements showed n-type conduction of the samples.