大型双速全调节轴流泵及其应用

本文结合东江－深圳供水工程东江泵站技术改造，提出了双速全调节轴流泵及其优化选型数学模型和求解方法．在扬程变幅大的轴流泵站中，采用双速全调节新型结构轴流泵的应用实践表明，这种方式不仅技术上先进可靠，运行调节方便，而且具有高效节能，经济效益显著的特点．     

大型潜水轴流泵在杭州市下沙排涝闸站中的应用研究

通过对水闸与泵站合建的3种主要布置形式,即平面并列布置、立面分层布置和平面正交布置的调研与比较,下沙排涝闸站最终采用了平面正交布置形式,并应用大型潜水轴流泵堤后建站,实现了水闸与泵站两者功能上相互利用、占地较少、穿堤工程量小和工程投资省的目的.建成后的下沙排涝闸站具有布置紧凑、挡水面小、防洪可靠性高、运行管理方便等特点.     

Numerical Investigation of Performance of an Axial-Flow Pump With Inducer

The interaction of flow through the inducer and impeller of an axial-flow pump equipped with an inducer has significant effect on its performance. This article presents a recent numerical investigation on this topic. The studied pump has an inducer with 3 blades mounted on a conical hub and a 6-blade impeller. The blade angle of the impeller is adjustable to generate different relative circumferential angles between the inducer blade trailing edge and the impeller blade leading edge. A computational fluid dynamics code was used to investigate the flow characteristics and performance of the axial-flow pump. For turbulence closure, the RNG k-ε model was applied with an unstructured grid system. The rotor-stator interaction was treated with a Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) strategy. Computations were performed in different cases: 7 different relative circumferential angles ( Δθ ) between the inducer blade trailing edge and the impeller blade leading edge, and 3 different axial gaps (G) between the inducer and the impeller. The variation of the hydraulic loss in the rotator was obtained by changing Δθ . The numerical results show that the pressure generated is minimum in the case of ( G = 3%D), which indicates that the interference between inducer and impeller is strong if the axial gap is small. The pump performances were predicted and compared to the experimental measurements. Recommendations for future modifications and improvements to the pump design were also given.     

高速潜水轴流泵大流量工况的空化特性

为了研究大流量工况下高速潜水轴流泵的空化特性,基于ANSYS CFX软件,选取Zwart、Kunz以及Schnerr-Sauer 3种空化模型进行大流量工况下高速潜水轴流泵外特性和泵内空化流动特性数值模拟。结果表明:大流量工况下Schnerr-Sauer空化模型预测的外特性变化趋势与试验值最为吻合,相较于另两种空化模型,Schnerr-Sauer空化模型模拟的叶片背面空泡体积分数较高;空化严重区域主要出现在叶片背面进口附近以及叶顶,同一空化数下,流量越大,叶片空化状况越严重;叶片载荷分布由叶片进口边到出口边呈先增大后减小的趋势;各流量下空泡首先出现在叶片背面进口前缘位置,随着空化数的减小,空泡体积分数沿着主流方向朝叶片后缘不断增大直至空泡占据整个叶片背面;叶片背面处的三角形云状空化尾缘空穴极不稳定,随着叶轮旋转,尾缘处空泡微团逐渐脱落,朝着相邻叶片不断移动,对相邻叶片的工作面产生侵蚀破坏,导致叶片载荷发生变化,对轴流泵水力性能产生影响。     

对二维翼空化流动的数值模拟

应用二维不可压缩N-S方程结合改进VOF空化模型模拟了NACA66二维翼的空化流动.数值计算中采用SST k-ω湍流模型计算了不同空泡数下定常稳态空化发生时水翼吸力面的压力分布,并与实验结果进行对比,发现空化末端压力梯度计算值明显大于实验值,而且压力有明显突增,通过修正空化模型中的经验参数较好地解决了这个问题.应用SST-SAS湍流模型及修正的经验参数较好地模拟了低空泡数时非定常云空泡的脱落现象,该数值方法对非稳态空化的发展,脱落过程及其频率的预报结果与实验结果吻合良好.     

Numerical analyses of ventilated cavitation over a 2-D NACA0015 hydrofoil using two turbulence modeling methods

The present paper studies the ventilated cavitation over a NACA0015 hydrofoil by numerical methods. The corresponding cavity evolutions are obtained at three ventilation rates by using the level set method. To depict the complicated turbulent flow structure, the filter-based density corrected model(FBDCM) and the modified partially-averaged Navier-Stokes(MPANS) model are applied in the present numerical analyses. It is indicated that the predicted results of the cavitation shedding dynamics by both turbulence models agree fairly well with the experimental data. It is also noted that the shedding frequency and the super cavity length predicted by the MPANS method are closer to the experiment data as compared to that predicted by the FBDCM model. The simulation results show that in the ventilated cavitation, the vapor cavity and the air cavity have the same shedding frequency. As the ventilated rate increases, the vapor cavity is depressed rapidly. The cavitation-vortex interaction in the ventilated cavitation is studied based on the vorticity transport equation(VTE) and the Lagrangian coherent structure(LCS). Those results demonstrate that the vortex dilatation and baroclinic torque terms are highly dependent on the evolution of the cavitation. In addition, from the LCSs and the tracer particles in the flow field, one may see the process from the attached cavity to the cloud cavity.     

轴流式水轮机导流罩与叶轮尾流流场仿真研究

文中提出一种新型轴流、悬浮式潮流能水轮机结构,为提高其潮流能利用效率,采用CFD技术对水轮机外围流线型导流罩内流场与叶轮尾流场进行数值仿真研究。通过对比拟定的10种不同线型导流罩,发现收缩段和扩散段的进出口曲线前后连接点比例mx为0.3的双三次曲线导流罩内流场更加稳定、均匀。为进一步研究导流罩的聚能作用与叶轮尾流场的速度分布情况,实施了有、无导流罩工况下水轮机的数值仿真,结果显示:距离叶轮下游边缘1.25D(D为叶片直径)以内的流场域流速有显著的改变,且加装双三次曲线0.3mx=线型导流罩,水轮机较敞水工况输出功率提高约29%。相关的拖曳水池模型试验验证了数值仿真方法的有效性。     

二元单叶片泵内部流动的数值模拟

本文对单流道泵的物理模型进行简化,建立了二元单叶片泵内部流动解析的数学模型,采用势流边界元解法,数值模拟了泵内流动,并计算出单叶片泵的水功率,与试验结果进行比较,间接证明了计算方法的可行性。     

基于弱可压缩理论的射流泵流场数值预报

应用弱可压缩流体控制方程和大涡模拟湍流模型,采用MacCormack的预估一校正方法对射流泵内流场(二维)进行了数值模拟。经过对不同射流泵运行工况的计算,都取得了令人满意的预报结果。研究表明,弱可压缩流动方程能代表低马赫数时的真实流动现象,且方程具有双曲性质易于数值求解。数值模拟结果可为改进射流泵性能提供依据。     

锥柱航行体肩空泡界面效应对头锥面受力的影响研究

航行体水下高速运动时会发生空化现象,形成空泡附着在航行体表面。该文通过数值计算的方法,分析了空泡界面对头锥面附近流场压力的影响。计算结果表明:界面效应使得流场压力和头锥面表面压力升高,头锥面轴向力增大;不同攻角下,空泡形态发生倾斜,界面效应对迎、背流面的影响不同,头锥段法向受力减小;头部半锥角越大,空泡越长且厚,空泡界面效应对流场压力影响也增大。     

宁夏扶贫扬黄灌溉八泵站压力管路的安全防护研究

水力过渡过程的分析、计算，已经成为压力管路设计、安全运行的重要课题。该项研究提出的大、小泵并联的数值计算方法和计算结果，利用二阶段缓闭蝶阀作为压力管路的主要安全防护手段，已经成功应用于该输水工程，经过实践检验证明：该模拟计算方法是符合工程实际需要的、是可行的。     

收缩—扩散型喷嘴长度影响空化效果的数值分析

喷嘴长度是影响收缩—扩散型喷嘴空化效果的重要参数。运用连续方程、动量方程和Rayleigh-Plesset方程,对流经收缩—扩散型喷嘴的泡液流进行稳态求解。计算结果表明泡液流中很小的入口空隙率对流动特性有强烈影响,并随着无量纲喷嘴长度的变化对流动特性的影响有着显著的相似性。随着喷嘴长度的增长,喷嘴入口空隙率临界值以指数规律下降,气泡半径呈线性增长。     

两相流数值模拟分析等螺距诱导轮内空化问题

以等螺距诱导轮为研究对象,应用CFD软件,采用空化和混合两相流模型,通过对Y2-315M-2型离心泵前置等螺距诱导轮流道内空化流动进行非定常数值模拟,分析叶片上的静压分布及液相和空泡相分布特征.结论表明: 该诱导轮自身具有良好的抗空化性能.     

轴流式水轮机能量特性预测分析

采用数值计算方法研究轴流式水轮机的能量特性。计算模型建立在雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程的基础上，采用k-ε紊流模型,至水轮机流道内部流动进行三维紊流计算。计算不同的工况下机组的特性，绘制转轮在不同桨叶角度下的定桨特性曲线，在此基础上得出转轮的协联曲线及综合运转特性曲线，从而对机组的能量性能作用合理的判断。轴流转桨式水轮机运行效率较高的关键在于，其活动导叶和转轮桨叶之间具有最佳可调性能的协联关系。目前对协联线的绘制有包络线法和最高效率点法，采用何种方法值得进一步研究，针对具体电站机组，应该在最优效率区并偏重安全运行特性来绘制。     

The simulation of multiphase flow field in implantable blood pump and analysis of hemolytic capability

The numerical simulation of the axial flow impeller blood pump NIVADIII is carried out by using a CFD multiphase flow model. The hydrodynamic performance of the pump and the flow field in the pump are analyzed, and the shear stress distribution is obtained. A hemolytic prediction model based on the shear stress is built based on the calculation results, and it can be used for quantitative predictions of the hemolytic behavior of a blood pump. Hemolysis tests in vitro were performed 6 times with fresh bovine blood. At each time, the flow of the pump NIVADIII is 5 L/min and the outflow tract pressure is 100 mmHg. According to the tests, the plasma free hemoglobin (FHB) content and the hematocrit (HCT) are measured after 0 s, 0.5 s, 1 s, 1.5 s, …4 s. At the end of each experiment Normal Index of Hemolysis (NIH) of NIVADIII is calculated. The average of NIH is 0.0055 g/100L, almost identical with that obtained from the hemolytic prediction model. This method can be applied in the selection stage of a blood pump.     

直导叶几何参数对双向泵内流场及水力性能的影响

直导叶因其易于加工而广泛应用于轴流式叶片机械。为研究直导叶内的流动特性及其设计方法,以高比转速双向泵为研究对象,基于全结构化网格,采用SST k-ω湍流模型分析了加直导叶时泵内流动损失机理及直导叶几何参数对泵外特性和内流场的影响,总结了直导叶的设计方法。结果表明:直导叶弦长和叶片数增加会扩大发生流动分离的区域,形成大尺度回流;减小导叶-叶片轴向间距会增大直导叶进口冲角,加大分离强度,因此应在结构强度允许的情况下尽可能减小弦长及叶片数并适当增加轴向间距。研究结果可为轴流式叶片机械的直导叶设计提供一定参考。     

Numerical predictions of pressure pulses in a Francis pump turbine with misaligned guide vanes

Previous experimental and numerical analyses of the pressure pulse characteristics in a Francis turbine are extended here by using the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the shear stress transport （SST） turbulence model to model the unsteady flow within the entire flow passage of a large Francis pump turbine with misaligned guide vanes at the rated rotational speed. The S-curve characteristics are analyzed by a combined use of the model test and the steady state simulation with the aligned guide vane firstly. Four misaligned guide vanes with two different openings are chosen to analyze the influence of pressure pulses in the turbine. The characteristics of the dominant unsteady flow frequencies in different parts of the pump turbine for various misaligned guide vane openings are investigated in detail. The predicted hydraulic performance and the pressure fluctuations show that the misaligned guide vanes reduce the relative pressure fluctuation amplitudes in the stationary part of the flow passage, but not the runner blades. The misaligned guide vanes have changed the low frequencies in the entire flow passage with the change of the pulse amplitudes mainly due to changes in the rotor-stator interaction and the low frequency vortex rope flow behavior.     

CFD 在大型潜水贯流泵装置选型设计中的应用

为分析在不同工况下泵装置内部流态和叶轮的水力特性,预测泵装置整体水力性能,以大闸河排洪泵站大型贯流泵装置为研究对象,建立泵装置的进水流道、泵段（叶轮和导叶）和出水流道的整体水力模型,采用 SST k-ω 湍流模型进行 CFD 数值模拟计算。结果表明,在设计要求运行范围内泵装置内部流线平顺,流态稳定,压力分布均匀,整体水力性能良好,水力模型及水泵参数均能够满足泵站设计要求,研究方法可为泵站工程的水泵选型设计提供借鉴。     

动网格技术在非稳态空化流计算中的应用

该文基于对钝锥头航行体的空化流动的实验观测,利用商业软件FLUENT[1]考核了分块网格模型对降低动网格方法误差影响、提高空化流计算精度的可行性和有效性。通过与实验的对比表明,采用分块网格模型能够使基于动网格方法的非稳态空化流计算很好的捕捉到空泡生长,回射,翻卷,脱落,溃灭这一过程,并获得较为准确的航行体的运动轨迹和所受的水动力。进而分析了流场涡结构与空泡演化的机理。     

用三元粘性数值模拟法探讨水轮机转轮空蚀问题

采用三元粘性数值模拟方法研究混流式水轮机转轮叶片空蚀问题,提出了改善空蚀的方法,并提供了供电站修形用的翼型,把三元粘性数值计算方法用于解决转轮空蚀问题,取代了传统的实验模拟方法,这在国内也是首次,具有较好的参考价值。