钢板缺陷的脉冲漏磁检测系统设计及试验

基于脉冲漏磁检测技术检测钢板缺陷,实现钢板表面和背面缺陷的区分。利用设计的钢板脉冲漏磁检测系统,提取了钢板表面和背面缺陷的信号,分析在脉冲信号激励下的缺陷漏磁信号特征。根据信号电压峰值和电压谷值同步曲线区分缺陷,编写了基于Labview的检测程序,实现了钢板表面和背面缺陷检测和区分。在实验室条件下,通过设计的脉冲漏磁检测系统,对刻有矩形槽的钢板进行了检测。试验结果表明,基于脉冲漏磁检测技术,利用电压信号峰值和谷值同步采样曲线,可对钢板表面和背面缺陷进行检测和区分。     

储罐角焊缝裂纹漏磁检测有限元分析

针对石油石化行业中的储罐角焊缝不易检测的特点,使用漏磁检测技术对储罐角焊缝裂纹进行检测。应用有限元软件建立了角焊缝裂纹缺陷的分析模型,得到了角焊缝裂纹缺陷漏磁场的空间分布,提取出了角焊缝裂纹缺陷的漏磁信号,分析了角焊缝裂纹缺陷影响漏磁信号的因素;在此基础上对储罐角焊缝裂纹缺陷进行了漏磁检测试验,对得到的漏磁信号进行分析,分析结果与有限元分析提取的漏磁信号结果相符,证明了所建立的检测系统的可行性与有效性。     

无缝管道漏磁信号去噪新方法

漏磁(MFL)检测信号常被多种噪声源污染,极大地降低了漏磁信号中缺陷信号的可检测性。提出一种漏磁信号去噪新方法。该法首先利用自适应滤波方法去除漏磁信号中的无缝管道噪声(SPN),然后再利用小波系数去噪方法去除SPN自适应消除系统输出的漏磁信号中的噪声。实测的漏磁信号处理结果说明,该方法具有良好的去噪效果,可提高漏磁信号中缺陷信号的可检测性。     

涡流效应对脉冲漏磁检测信号的影响

为了研究脉冲漏磁检测中涡流效应对漏磁信号的影响,应用有限元分析软件建立了脉冲漏磁检测仿真模型,对被测样本内磁场与涡流分布随时间变化的情况进行了分析,进而研究了基于不同激励电压和磁芯磁导率仿真模型的漏磁信号波形。仿真结果表明,当磁场激励较小时,漏磁信号在脉冲激励电压的上升阶段存在过冲现象,随后达到稳态。搭建了检测平台进行检测试验,检测结果与仿真结果相一致,研究表明在缺陷检测中应用检测信号峰值特征评估缺陷深度的方法具有更高的精度。     

脉冲漏磁检测缺陷信号特征分析

分析了脉冲漏磁检测原理,提出了脉冲交流磁化方式,建立了脉冲漏磁检测系统。对不同深度、长度等缺陷的钢管试件进行了测试,提取漏磁检测传感器瞬态感应电压信号进行定性时域分析。试验结果表明,在较大提离情况下,脉冲漏磁检测方法综合了漏磁检测和脉冲涡流检测的优点,具有快速、定量检测的特点,在钢管的缺陷检测中具有广阔的应用前景。     

漏磁内检测缺陷信号的快速识别方法

漏磁内检测缺陷信号分析识别是漏磁检测技术的关键部分，为了快速识别管体缺陷信号，提高数据分析的准确率和效率，开发了基于低通滤波和差分的信号处理算法，并对漏磁内检测探头的各通道检测信号进行降噪优化处理，确定了管体缺陷识别规则。工程检测结果表明，处理过的检测信号清晰、易于快速识别，开挖检测结果与信号识别结果一致，该信号处理方式有助于快速准确识别管体缺陷信号。     

周向励磁漏磁检测技术的研究

在管道漏磁（MFL）检测中,缺陷的识别和评价一直是难以解决的问题。有两种不同的漏磁检测技术,轴向励磁和周向励磁,本文介绍了周向励磁漏磁检测技术,它对于检测和评价轴向导向缺陷具有潜在优势。利用ANSYS仿真软件,建立了周向磁化器的二维有限元模型,对此时的管壁缺陷进行仿真,仿真结果表明,周向励磁方式下产生的漏磁信号与缺陷深度、缺陷周向宽度的大小有关。     

三轴漏磁缺陷检测技术

针对轴向裂纹等管道缺陷类型的检测,基于漏磁检测原理,研究了三轴漏磁管道缺陷检测技术.通过对缺陷漏磁矢量场的研究,将漏磁场分为轴向、径向和周向三个分量.利用ANSYS仿真软件,建立励磁系统模型,仿真出三维磁场磁通密度矢量分布图,模拟缺陷漏磁场分布.研制实验平台,采用霍尔传感器制成三轴漏磁检测探头,检测出漏磁场三个方向的漏磁信号.结果表明,三轴漏磁缺陷检测技术可以反映较多缺陷信息,有助于检测特殊类型缺陷.     

有限元方法在管道外漏磁检测中的应用

管道漏磁检测及其缺陷漏磁场的仿真技术研究具有十分重要的意义。在对各种漏磁场计算方法进行比较之后,选择了有限元法作为主要研究工具。叙述了漏磁检测的基本原理,介绍了漏磁管道检测装置的工作原理和基本结构,建立了管道漏磁检测中缺陷漏磁场计算的三维有限元模型,并以此为基础分别研究了缺陷漏磁信号特点、缺陷的几何尺寸与漏磁信号的关系、以及材料壁厚等对漏磁信号的影响等问题。通过对多磁化单元结构进行有限元模拟和试验仿真,发现多个磁化单元会造成磁场的叠加,磁化单元数量的增加会使缺陷处漏磁场增强,并且中间磁化单位的增加量要大于两侧。缺陷的几何尺寸影响漏磁场的分布,在一定缺陷直径范围内,缺陷深度与漏磁场信号强度呈近似线性关系。无论被测管道壁厚如何变化,相同几何参数的缺陷漏磁场轴向分量变化趋势仍然相同。适当选取提离值,将有助于获得良好的漏磁场信号。     

管道内外壁缺陷的漏磁检测

为了更好地进行现场检测及缺陷定量分析,并探究缺陷类型及深度对漏磁场信号的影响,根据标准NB/T 47013.12-2015制备管件校准试件、对比试件和裂纹试件。利用可变径管道外壁的漏磁检测仪器对存在点蚀、裂纹等缺陷的38.1,50.8,76.2,101.6mm共4种管径的试件进行漏磁检测。结果表明,管外壁缺陷漏磁场信号强于内壁缺陷信号,内外壁漏磁场信号均随缺陷深度的增加而增强,槽形缺陷的漏磁场信号强于球形缺陷的漏磁场信号。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。