生物质热解气化特性分析

通过对玉米秆、小麦秆、棉花秆、稻草、松木屑等生物质进行热重分析和差热分析,分析了生物质气化过程的裂解机理。研究中采用松木屑作为气化原料,得出了气化温度、压力、水蒸气加入量等反应条件对气化产物的产率、组成成分及焦油产率的影响规律,研究结果表明,温度对生物质气化的影响最大,当温度为800℃时气体的产率最高。     

不同因素对生物质气化产出气特性的影响

将木屑、花生壳和稻草等生物质放在流化床气化反应器内,采用空气作为气化介质,通过添加白云石、菱镁矿和橄榄石3种炉内催化剂,在温度为750,800,850℃,当量比(ER)为0.15,0.25,0.35的条件下进行气化,研究了各种因素的不同水平值对生物质气化气成分和热值的影响规律.     

生物质流态化催化气化技术工程化研究

在研究开发的内循环锥形流态化气化炉内。对稻草、麦草等软秸秆物料粉碎后，或者直接使用木屑等细粉状原料，进行了热解气化和催化气化的工程化应用试验研究。研究结果表明：气化反应在600—820℃的一个较宽温度范围内，均能稳定连续运行。麦草原料气化所产生的煤气热值比稻草和稻壳都高，其热值可达7716kJ／m^3。木屑气化所产生煤气热值最高则达9064kJ／m^3，远远高于一般生物质气化煤气。对流化床气化来讲，即使在非催化气化条件下，其气化产生的煤气热值比采用下吸式气化炉产生的煤气热值提高40%左右，并且气化温度较固定床(上吸式、下吸式)气化炉低。同时进行的催化气化试验发现，催化剂CaO能明显提高煤气热值、降低CO组分，Na2CO3催化气化能提高气体H2的含量。在800℃试验时，添加催化剂能明显提高气体的热值。     

我国生物发电研究新成果

中科院广州能源研究所承担的“十五”863项目“生物质气化发电优化系统及其示范工程”，目前已取得阶段性成果．开发出适合我国国情的生物质中小型气化发电系统。采用循环流化床气化炉和多级气化净化装置。配置多台200-400kW的单气体燃料内燃发电机组，用谷壳、木屑、稻草等多种生物质作原料，可以在不同的负荷下运行。     

掺混生物质炭对煤气化反应特性的影响

采用非等温热重分析法研究了掺混生物质炭对煤气化反应特性的影响.结果表明:无论是松木炭还是稻草炭的加入,XQ煤气化时DTG峰值对应温度和气化结束温度均随着生物质炭掺混比例的增大逐渐向低温区移动;生物质炭对SH煤气化效率的影响不大,可以部分代替优质煤种,减少能源投入和CO2排放量;稻草炭相对松木炭更有利于XQ煤气化反应的进行,稻草炭使XQ煤具有更低的表观活化能和更高的频率因子,并使XQ煤孔隙分布更加明显.     

基于旋风渣膜气化炉的潞安烟煤煤气化特性实验研究

气流床气化技术是当前主流的煤气化技术,而已有的气流床气化炉一般采用悬浮气化,气化强度难以继续提高.通过在自主设计的旋风渣膜气化炉实验系统上,对潞安烟煤的旋风渣膜气化特性进行了实验研究,主要研究了运行负荷、蒸汽煤比对气化炉的气化温度、冷煤气效率、碳转化率等气化特性参数的影响规律.实验结果表明:潞安烟煤在旋风渣膜气化炉中具...     

废弃印刷电路板气化特性研究

在自行搭建的固定床上试验研究了不同粒径的印刷线路板在CO2气氛、不同温度下的气化特性实验。利用热重分析仪分析了不同升温速率时印刷线路板的气化特性。结果表明:随着升温速率增大,失重曲线向高温区移动;在300℃～380℃温度区间,气化反应剧烈进行。同时反应物颗粒尺寸以及气化终止温度都会对气化产物产生影响。     

生物质气化发电示范工程

由中科院广州能源研究所承担的国家“十五”期间863项目的生物质气化发电优化系统及其示范工程．已开发出适合我国国情的生物质中小型气化发电系统。该技术采用CFB气化炉和多级气体净化装置，配置多台200～400kW的气体燃料内燃发电机组，用谷壳木屑、稻草等多种生物质作原料来发电。     

生物质气化发电示范工程

由中科院广州能源研究所承担的国家“十五”863项目“生物质气化发电优化系统及其示范工程”，已开发出适合我国国情的生物质中小型气化发电系统。该技术采用CFB气化炉和多级气体净化装置，配置多台200-400kW的气体燃料内燃发电机组用谷壳、木屑、稻草等多种生物质作原料来发电。     

木屑水蒸气气化热重分析及合成气释放特性

试验研究了木屑在水蒸气气氛下的热失重行为及气化过程中合成气释放特性。首先采用TG-DTA对木屑样品进行了水蒸气气氛下的热重行为分析,结果表明,木屑气化过程可以分为挥发分释放和半焦气化两个阶段,分别可由二级反应动力学和三维扩散Ginstling-Broushtein方程描述,对应的表观活化能分别为87.014kJ/mol和103.35 kJ/mol。此外,在自制的固定床气化反应装置上,研究了生物质气化过程中挥发分释放和半焦气化阶段合成气释放特性。另外,半焦水蒸气气化阶段对气体中合成气含量和H2/CO起到决定性作用,通过合理调控半焦气化阶段反应条件,可以得到合适化学当量比的生物质合成气。     

Experimental study on cogasification mechanisms of straw and kitchen waste in the fixed-bed gasifier

The cogasification experiments were carried out by an electric fixed-bed gasifier to explore the cooperative gasification mechanisms of straw and kitchen waste. The effects of temperature, equivalence ratio as well as mixing ratio of straw and kitchen waste containing rice and trench oil on the gasification behaviors were investigated, combining the characterizations with SEM and FTIR. The results showed that the CH₄ release volume fraction of single trench oil could up to 90%, as for the mixtures of straw, rice, and trench oil, the rapid reaction of oil could increase the gasification temperature, promote the bond fractures of CC and C H. Thereby those fractured matters could combine CO and H₂ to generate CH₄, which consequently improved the gas quality from straw gasification. As the equivalence ratio being 0.1 at 800°C, the actual calorific value of released gaseous from the mixture of straw, rice, and oil was at least 26% higher than the theoretical weighting value. When the mass ratio of straw, oil, and rice was 2:0.5:0.5, that superiority even reached 49.31%. Furthermore, in another fixed-bed gasifier without external heating, the mixture of sun-dried straw and actual kitchen waste containing much water could still achieve continuous gasification, and the experimental phenomena were similar to those above with the electric fixed-bed gasifier. The real calorific value of the mixture of straw and kitchen waste was still higher than the theoretical weighting value.     

高温空气气化数学模型的建立与分析

建立了一种基于物料平衡、能量平衡和化学平衡分析的气化数学模型。利用该模型分别对松木屑、秸秆、稻壳和棉柴进行气化计算,获得不同水蒸气添加率的合成燃气成分、热值、气化效率及干燃气产率等气化指标,分析水蒸气添加率对高温空气气化的影响,为高温气化操作优化奠定基础。     

Gasification of rice straw in an updraft gasifier using water purification sludge containing Fe/Mn as a catalyst

This study investigated the feasibility of gasification of rice straw using an Fe/Mn sludge as a catalyst. The Fe/Mn sludge contained iron and manganese compounds produced from a water purification plant. The gasification temperature and equivalent ratio (ER) was set at 900 °C and 0.30, respectively, with an amended catalyst ratio of 0%–15%. Experimental results indicated that the combustible gas production was increased from 0.61 m³/kg to 0.72 m³/kg with the Fe/Mn sludge addition. The lower heating value (LHV) of combustible gas and energy density (ED) were also increased with an increase in Fe/Mn sludge addition. The LHV and ED increased from 14.76 MJ/Nm³ to 15.82 MJ/Nm³ and from 1.37 MJ/MJ to 1.47 MJ/MJ, respectively. In conclusion, the catalytic gasification of rice straw was more efficient on an energy yield basis with the Fe/Mn sludge addition. The Fe/Mn sludge used in this research has been developed as a potential catalyst for the application of rice straw gasification.     

60kW两段式秸秆气化炉运行特性

研究了上海交通大学热能研究所研制的60kW两段式秸秆气化炉的运行特性.以秸秆为原料在该气化炉上实验,考察原料量、空气过量系数对气化炉生产能力和碳转化率以及气化效率的影响,并分析了气化气成分及热值.数据表明该气化炉各项参数均优于一般固定床气化炉:原料消耗量为100kg/h,ER=0.35时,秸秆气化气平均热值为6599.6010/m~3,产气率为1.88m~3/kg,碳转化率为91.3%,气化效率为84.6%.     

生物质中热值气化装置设计与运行

从富氧气化的原理和特点出发，根据空气化的结果，讨论说明中热值气化装置的设计依据和参数计算方法，在试验运行的基础上，分析采用富样气化的中热值气化装置的优缺点，通过分析和试验表明，采用９０％的富氧气化具有较理想的效果，其气体热值在１０－１２ＭＪ／ｍ＾３之间，气化效率在７０％以上，单位燃气的耗电量约０．０７５ｋＷｈ／Ｎｍ＾３，具有较好的经济性和实用性。     

上吸式生物质秸秆气化炉的设计与试验研究

设计一台上吸式生物质秸秆气化炉,并进行热解气化试验,分析不同气化剂量对炉内温度的影响以及温度和秸秆种类对产气成分的影响。试验结果表明：气化剂量对炉内温度及炉内温度对产气成分含量的影响均较大;秸秆种类也对产气的热值有较大的影响,稻草热解可燃气热值4．1MJ／m^3,油菜秆热解可燃气热值4．9MJ／m^3,玉米秆热解可燃气热值5．5MJ／m^3。     

10 MW生物质气化耦合燃煤机组发电装置性能试验研究

某电厂生物质气化耦合燃煤机组发电项目于2018年9月8日完成72 h满负荷试运,项目主体是循环流化床气化耦合系统及附属设备,为评价该耦合系统的综合性能,进行了额定负荷下的产气率、气化效率、热效率及对燃煤机组煤耗影响等性能试验。试验结果表明:额定负荷下,生物质气化耦合系统以50%稻壳+50%秸秆作为原料时,燃料量为8. 61 t/h,产气率为2. 09 m~3/kg,气化效率为70. 53%,热效率为87. 65%;以100%稻壳作为原料时,燃料量为8. 57 t/h,产气率为2. 15 m~3/kg,气化效率为70. 04%,热效率为88. 12%;气化耦合系统在75%～110%负荷范围内可稳定运行;气化耦合系统额定负荷、燃煤机组维持600 MW负荷的情况下,投运气化耦合系统后,减少标煤量3 291 kg/h;气化耦合系统额定负荷、燃煤机组维持500 MW负荷的情况下,投运气化耦合系统后,减少标煤量3 122 kg/h。     

Experimental study on non-woody biomass gasification in a downdraft gasifier

The current paper concerns the process of non-woody biomass gasification, particularly about releasing processes of detrimental elements. The gasification of corn straw was carried out in a downdraft fixed bed gasifier under atmospheric pressure, using air as an oxidizer. The effects of the operating conditions on gasification performance in terms of the temperature profiles of the gasifier, the composition distribution of the producer gas and the release of sulphur and chlorine compounds during gasification of corn straw were investigated. Besides, the gasification characteristics were evaluated in terms of low heating value (LHV), gas yield, gasification efficiency and tar concentration in the raw gas.     

Investigation and optimization of a Co-Generation plant integrated of gasifier,gas turbine and heat pipes using minimization of Gibbs free energy,Lagrange method and response surface methodology

A combined plant including a fluidized bed gasifier, a gas turbine, a domestic heat recovery, and heat pipes was proposed and investigated from the first and the second thermodynamic laws and environmental viewpoints. Two types of biomass (wheat straw and rice straw) were fed to the gasifier. A zero-dimensional model was validated against results available in the literature. Gibbs free energy minimization and Lagrange method of undetermined multipliers methods were utilized to obtain the unknown parameters. Effects of steam to biomass ratio of the steam biomass gasification, inlet turbine temperature, and compression ratio were investigated on the plant performances. Analysis of variance results and Pareto chart of the standardized effects were carried out for net power, total exergy efficiency, and carbon dioxide emission of the combined plant. The plant was optimized using response surface methodology. The results indicated that the compression ratio was the most effective parameter and the plant performance was enhanced by increasing the compression ratio. Wheat straw had better performance in comparison with rice straw. Increasing steam to biomass ratio improved the hydrogen production and decreased the cold gas efficiency. Net power was on maximum value at steam to biomass ratio of 1.0, inlet turbine temperature of 1173–1217 K, and compression ratio of 11–12.     

Study of synthesis gas composition,exergy assessment,and multi-criteria decision-making analysis of fluidized bed gasifier

A system based a fluidized bed gasifier with steam as a gasifying agent is investigated in details. Comparing the synthesis of gas compositions with experimental data available in the literature is used to validate the model. The synthesis of gas composition and efficiencies of the system is investigated respect to different biomasses considered as gasification fuels. The results indicate that the molar fractions of hydrogen and carbon dioxide are increased and the molar fraction of carbon monoxide is reduced with steam to biomass ratio (STBR). The hydrogen and cold gas efficiencies are improved with decreasing STBR. Hydrogen, cold gas, and exergy efficiencies are enhanced with temperature. The results illuminate that pine sawdust and straw have the highest hydrogen production and legume straw produces the lowest CO molar fraction. Straw has the highest hydrogen efficiency, eucalyptus and straw have the highest cold gas efficiency, and eucalyptus has the highest exergy efficiency. A systematical analytical hierarchy process (AHP)/technique for order preferences by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) couple method are utilized to select the best alternative. The results illuminate that eucalyptus, straw, and pine sawdust are the best candidates, respectively as gasification fuel based on the considered criteria.