Cavitation reduction in the globe valve using oblique perforated cages: A numerical investigation

Globe valves are one of the oldest and most widely used flow control valves. However, cavitation due to high-pressure drop is a common phenomenon in such valves, reducing valve lifetime and increasing replacement costs. Recently, a series of perforated cages have been used in globe valves to reduce cavitation damage (especially in the body and disk). In this study, a globe valve is numerically investigated under four different structures, i.e., without the cage, with a perforated cage whose holes are radial, with a perforated cage whose holes are facing upwards, and with a perforated cage whose holes are facing downwards. The effects of the valve opening, inlet velocity, and holes direction on the pressure drop and cavitation incipient/intensity are investigated. The results show that cavitation is observed with the decrease of the valve opening even at the low velocities. And with increasing the velocity inlet, the pressure drop and cavitation intensity increase significantly. It can also be concluded that in the globe valve using a perforated cage with holes downwards, less cavitation is observed than in other models. Therefore, this configuration is proposed to protect the inner components of the valve (such as seat, seal, and plug) from cavitation damage.     

Study on the influence of structural parameters on the flow and cavitation characteristics of tandem multi-stage pressure-reducing valves

Tandem multi-stage pressure-reducing valves (TMSPRV) are widely used for piping systems in the process industry. The flow coefficient is a central factor in valve design. The cavitation was caused by the local pressure of the fluid passing through the pressure-reducing valve being lower than the saturated steam pressure. Would cause serious damage to the pipeline system. Therefore, it is important to investigate systematically the effect of throttling structure parameters on the flow and cavitation characteristics of valves. In this paper, a combination of experimental and numerical simulations was used to study the effect of different structural parameters of valves on the flow coefficient. The results showed that increasing the flow channel inclination is beneficial to enlarging the flow coefficient. Meanwhile, the effects of different structural parameters on pressure and velocity of pressure reducing valves are discussed, the results indicated that increasing the inclination of the flow channel would reduce the vortex volume at the outlet. With the increase of the chamfer, the low-pressure area caused by the vortex in the near-wall surface decreases. Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the effect of different structural parameters on the cavitation characteristics of valves. The numerical results showed that the flow channel inclination angle is 60° and the flow channel chamfer is less than 6 mm as the optimal value. In summary, considering the influence of structural parameters on flow coefficient, flow characteristics, and cavitation characteristics. The runner inclination angle is 60°, and the runner chamfer is 4 mm as the best value. The research work in this paper could provide technical support to achieve a better fluid pressure reducing and flow state of the TMSPRV under severe working conditions.     

Influence of the flow area around the ball valve on the flow characteristics of the injector control valve

The increase in common rail pressure can lead to increased cavitation inside the injector, resulting in degradation of injector performance and reduced life. The paper investigates the effect of the pressure block structure parameters (initial flow area around the ball valve) on the velocity field, pressure field, fuel gas phase volume fraction and drain rate of the control valve. The relationship between the initial flow area around the ball valve on the cavitation strength and unloading rate inside the valve was revealed. The results show that both the reduction of the flow area around the ball valve and the increase of the cavitation intensity inhibit the rate of oil discharge from the control valve. The reduction of the fuel flow area inhibits the expansion of the low-pressure region (0–1 MPa) within the flow layer, thus limiting the development of cavitation. The reduction of the cavitation area increases the fuel flow rate, however, the increase in flow rate increases the cavitation phenomenon, and these changes form a cycle (Reviewer 5. comment 2). The increase in cavitation inhibits the control valve pressure relief rate more significantly than the decrease in the initial flow area around the ball valve. Based on this, a stepped-pressure block model is proposed. The stepped pressure block model can effectively reduce the cavitation strength near the seal and enhance the oil discharge rate of the control valve. The study can provide a reference for the engineering optimization design of high-pressure common rail injector control valves.     

给水泵最小流量循环阀结构设计及数值模拟

最小流量循环阀是保护给水泵安全运行的重要流量控制部件.通过对两种迷宫流道以及两种最小流量循环阀整体模型进行模拟分析和对比,检验了不同流道通流面积和不同流道数量对其性能的影响.结果 表明,迷宫盘降压结构具有良好的压降控速效果,可以有效避免汽蚀现象的产生;采用12流道迷宫盘降压结构的最小流量循环阀的综合性能更优,压力分布更...     

水压锥阀空化射流流场结构与流量特性的相关性研究

为了研究水压锥阀空化流场与流量特性的相关性,对两种阀座结构的水压锥阀内部的空化射流开展了三维动态流场仿真.结果表明,直角型锥阀和倒角型锥阀均在阀芯后沿存在分离流诱发的附着型空化,在阀口下游有漩涡空化;此外,倒角阀座流道内亦存在分离流现象并形成附着型空化.倒角型流道入口处的分离流造成流体的局部加速,对于0.6 mm开口度...     

基于Fluent的挖掘机多路阀动臂联流场分析

针对多路阀在使用过程中的发热、异响、压力损失过大等问题，应用数值模拟的方法对液压挖掘机多路阀动臂联进行流场分析。基于流体动力学理论，利用Fluent软件得到了动臂2联阀芯在开启过程中，节流槽前、后的流速、压力及其差值的变化情况。通过数据分析，得到了多路阀动臂联稳态流场的内部流动规律和稳态液动力变化规律。观察发现动臂2联阀口开度在2.1～4 mm时，压差与速差同时发生突降现象，并且液动力的变化较大，容易产生振动、噪音和气穴等现象。研究结果表明，通过对多路阀阀芯开启过程的流场分析，所获得的流速、压力和液动力等数据可以作为多路阀优化设计的参考依据，从而提升多路阀的工作效率和使用寿命。     

水滴迷宫式调节阀空化特性计算与结构改进

针对超(超)临界机组中水滴迷宫式调节阀在高温高压工况下引起的严重气蚀问题,基于计算流体力学理论和空化机理,选用标准k-ε湍流模型、Mixture模型和Schnerr-Sauer空化模型,比较了改进前后调节阀在典型开度下的压力、速度、气相体积分数等结构性能.计算结果表明:原始碟片结构压降大,最大可至19.95 MPa,流...     

Design and performance characteristic analysis of servo valve-type water hydraulic poppet valve

For water hydraulic system control, the flow or pressure control using high-speed solenoid valve controlled by PWM control method could be a good solution for prevention of internal leakage. However, since the PWM control of on-off valves cause extensive flow and pressure fluctuation, it is difficult to control the water hydraulic actuators precisely. In this study, the servo valve-type water hydraulic valve using proportional poppet as the main valve is designed and the performance characteristics of the servo valve-type water hydraulic valve are analyzed. Furthermore, it is demonstrated through experiments that a decline in control chamber pressure that follows the change of pilot flow is caused by the occurrence of cavitation around the proportional poppet, and that fundamental characteristics of the developed valve remain unaffected by the occurrence of cavitation.     

2D伺服阀矩形和弓形先导级气穴特性及影响因素

二维(2D)伺服阀因其阀芯集旋转和平移运动于一体,且具有先导控制和功率放大的特性,被广泛应用于航空、军工等领域的液压系统中。由于伺服阀先导级的节流口面积非常小,流体流经此处后会因压力骤降而产生气穴现象,将直接影响伺服阀的工作特性。利用Fluent软件,在不同的阀口开度、敏感腔体积、入口压力下,对矩形和弓形2D伺服阀的先导级阀口和流道进行了两相流仿真。结果表明:矩形和弓形先导级阀口均存在一个最佳开度,对气穴现象的抑制能力最强;矩形先导级结构内的气穴现象,受敏感腔体积变化的影响较明显;入口压力越大,敏感腔体积越大,气穴现象越显著,先导级内气体含量越多。     

A study on flow characteristics and discharge coefficients of safety valve used in LNG/LNG-FPSO ships

The safety valves used in liquefied natural gas — floating production storage and offloading (LNG-FPSO) ships play an important role in maintaining a fixed pressure by controlling the release of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from pipes in an LNG piping system. Therefore, the discharge coefficient is regarded as the most important parameter influencing the valve performance. In order to satisfy the ship’s classification criteria, the discharge coefficient of the safety valve must usually be over 0.8. Despite the importance of a good understanding of the flow phenomena inside the safety valve for the improvement of the discharge coefficient, the successful design of valves depends on experience and experiments in an industrial field. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation was carried out with ANSYS-CFX software to observe the flow phenomena inside the valve and to determine the discharge coefficients from changes in the valve lift, which is the distance between the exit of the nozzle and the lower part of the disc plate. The discharge coefficients obtained were also verified through comparison with available experimental data.     

内流式阀件中的空化抑制新方法探究

基于压力分布直接影响空化的基本观点,提出内流式阀件出口引流抑制空化的方法并设计了相应的结构。为了验证该方法的有效性和研究该结构抑制空化性能,建立了空泡群模型并利用CFD软件获得压力场和速度场信息,利用数值计算的方法对比分析了带改进阀腔结构和不带改进阀腔结构阀件的空化情况。结果表明：将出口压力引至节流口处可以达到抑制空化的效果;随入口压力增加,改进阀腔的抑制空化能力逐渐减弱,但最后趋于稳定;随出口压力的增加,改进阀腔的抑制空化能力逐渐增强,直至完全抑制空化。     

Study on the design of control valve for U-shaped noise reduction cage and its fluid flow features and noise

In response to technical issues such as the ineffective noise reduction impact of balanced cage and single-seat control valves, the U-shaped noise reduction cage control valve is investigated and developed. In addition, its equal percentage flow properties and noise reduction impact are good, allowing it to effectively minimize the noise created by the change of fluid parameters of medium such as vapor, gas, and gas-liquid two-phase flow. The flow coefficient and flow properties were analyzed. The noise features of the medium air flow at small and large openings of 30% and 85% are simulated and analyzed, respectively. The pressure, velocity, and temperature of the inlet and outlet air, as well as the sound intensity maximum and sound power level maximum, are also analyzed with the opening curves. A small opening of 30% was selected, and the noise characteristics of cavitation generated by the medium water flow were simulated and analyzed. Together with the pressure and temperature change curves of the incoming water, the volume maxima and density minima of water are studied. The maximum sound intensity and sound power level of water are analyzed using the pressure and temperature curves of inlet water, as well as the cavitation coefficient and the degree of opening. The results of the trial for the pressure resistance of the valve body and the trial for the valve seat seal indicate that both the valve body strength and the valve seat seal meet the specifications. Comparing the noise trial results and simulation results reveals that the sound intensity and sound power level assessed by the trial and simulation are comparable, and the noise reduction impact of the control valve is positive.     

斜置双瓣止回阀内部流态的模拟与试验研究

为了改进普通止回阀存在的开启角度小、流阻系数大等不足,设计一种新型斜置双瓣止回阀,对其在30°、50°、70°、80°及全开工况下的内部流动特性进行分析,计算出流阻系数及流量系数。对其进行压力损失特性试验及流量特性试验,计算出每个工况下的流阻系数及流量系数,将其与模拟数据进行对比分析。研究结果表明,斜置双瓣止回阀的模拟结果与试验结果比较接近,开启角度大,压力损失小,流阻系数小,流量系数大,通流能力好。通过对斜置双瓣止回阀进行数值模拟及试验研究,斜置双瓣止回阀的设计对流体系统节能具有指导意义。     

基于节流-分流耦合的高压高速节流口空化抑制方法

开展高压高速节流口的空化抑制方法研究是提升阀的寿命和可靠性的关键环节。针对高压高速节流口空化破坏严重的问题,提出了一种基于节流-分流耦合的空化抑制方法。该方法采用多级节流的方式,实现阀口压降的多级承担,有效减小阀口压力梯度并降低流速;通过在阀出口采取多排孔分流的方式,改善流线布局,减少流体冲击。以电磁卸荷阀为例,分析卸荷阀动态性能,获得高压高速节流口实际工况,开展高压高速工况下节流口流体仿真。仿真结果显示,相较多级节流方式和多孔分流方式,所提出的方法可显著改善流场的压力和流速分布,实现了阀口空化现象的有效抑制。     

偏心蝶阀水力特性的数值模拟与分析

运用计算流体力学 (CFD)方法对一种偏心蝶阀的水力特性进行数值模拟计算 ,获得了流道内详细的三维流场参数分布以及蝶阀的压降、流量与水动力矩的水力特性曲线。从计算出的三维流场可以清楚地掌握影响阀门工作的重要因素 ,如各种开度下阀后的流动分离状态 ,以及蝶板上压力低于汽化点从而易发生气蚀的部位等 ,而水力特性曲线则可直接提供设计参数     

两种电流变阀的流量控制性能比较研究

电流变液作为工作介质应用于流体控制系统,可通过电流变控制阀对流量和压降进行无级调节,这种新型流体控制阀具有无机械部件运动,可由电场信号直接调节等优点。描述了基于电流变效应的环形式ER阀、平板式ER阀的流量控制性能,在对两种控制阀流量控制方程进行理论对比分析之后,搭建实验系统对它们控制特性进行实验对比分析。     

乳化液泵配流机理的试验研究

乳化液泵属于多柱塞阀配流往复式容积泵,以进、排液阀完成配流任务,实践中为了达到流量调节目的往往采用变频驱动技术。采用线性可变差动变压器（Linear Variable Differential Transformer,LVDT）位移传感器测量了进、排液阀阀芯和柱塞位移规律,并同步采集了泵出口处的压力数据。试验结果显示：排液阀阀芯在不同曲轴转速下的行程是变化的,且均未达到由限位结构决定的限位高度;排液阀阀芯在开启过程中存在着抖动,这种开启行程中的反向运动是由泵出口处的压力脉动导致;进、排液阀开启过程均存在滞后,而排液阀关闭滞后不明显,进液阀关闭滞后随着曲轴转速的下降而缓解。为了降低这类泵曲轴转速降低时引发的压力脉动加剧现象,可考虑采用主动控制进液阀启闭时刻的方式实现流量调节目的。     

Mechanism for cavitation phenomenon in mechanical heart valves

Recently, cavitation on the surface of mechanical heart valve has been studied as a cause of fractures occurring in implanted Mechanical Heart Valves (MHVs). It has been conceived that the MHVs mounted in an artificial heart close much faster than in vivo sue, resulting in cavitation bubbles formation. In this study, six different kinds of monoleaflet and bileaflet valves were mounted in the mitral position in an Electro-Hydraulic Total Artificial Heart (EHTAH), and we investigated the mechanisms for MHV cavitation. The valve closing velocity and a high speed video camera were employed to investigate the mechanism for MHV cavitation. The closing velocity of the bileaflet valves was slower than that of the monoleaflet valves. Cavitation bubbles were concentrated on the edge of the valve stop and along the leaflet tip. It was established that squeeze flow holds the key to MHV cavitation in our study. Cavitation intensity increased with an increase in the valve closing velocity and the valve stop area. With regard to squeeze flow, the bileaflet valve with slow valve-closing velocity and small valve stop areas is better able to prevent blood cell damage than the monoleaflet valves.     

Development of a flow control valve with digital flow compensator

Flow control valves typically use mechanical pressure drop compensator or dynamic flow meter to lessen the impact of pressure drop on outlet flow. However, there are some disadvantages, such as complex mechanical structure and small flow capacity. In this paper, a kind of digital flow compensator with bilinear interpolation algorithm is presented to compensate the pressure drop, in which the pressure drop and the desired outlet flow are the two input parameters. A two-stage proportional flow control valve with the proposed compensator is investigated. Pressure drop across the metering orifice of the valve is measured and fed back to the proposed compensator. If the detected pressure drop has deviated from the threshold, then the compensator will generate a compensation signal to adjust the poppet opening of the valve, which ensures that the output flow is independent of the pressure drop. Performances of the valve with the proposed compensator are investigated by simulation and experiment. Results show that it has a reasonable static control characteristics. In addition, there is no dead-zone in its steady flow curve; pressure drop have little impact on its output flow. Its dynamics will be affected by pressure drop and input voltage. Increasing pressure drop can improve system dynamics under constant input signal conditions. On the other hand, increasing input signal can shorten the poppet's closing time, but it will result in the longer opening time and the greater overshoot in the opening stage.     

Valvistor电液比例流量阀稳定性及特性分析

插装式比例阀具有低泄漏、通流能力强、结构简单等优点,广泛应用于液压系统中,但插装阀所带来的振动及噪声等问题是制约其使用范围的重要因素。对采用流量放大原理的Valvistor型插装阀稳定性及性能进行研究,建立相应的数学模型得出该阀的稳定性条件,发现主阀稳定性与先导阀开口及面积增益有关;在SmiluationX软件环境中建立该阀的仿真模型,并利用实验对其进行验证。理论分析与仿真结果表明:随着主阀进出口压差、反馈窄槽面积梯度的增大,主阀芯响应速度加快,但会导致主阀芯不稳定区域增加;控制腔体积越小,主阀芯稳定性越好。研究结果为该类型阀性能的提高提供了理论依据。