铁闪锌矿的浮选行为及其表面吸附机理

通过浮选实验和红外光谱测定, 考查了铁闪锌矿在无捕收剂或以乙黄药为捕收剂时的浮选行为.结果表明: 铁闪锌矿在酸性条件下, 可实现无捕收剂浮选, 硫酸铜的活化效果不明显; 在乙黄药体系下, 铁闪锌矿只能在酸性条件下可浮, 表面生成产物主要为乙黄原酸锌; 但有硫酸铜存在时, 铁闪锌矿可浮性得到大大改善, 当硫酸铜用量达到一定程度, 在整个pH值范围内铁闪锌矿均有较好的可浮性, 铁闪锌矿表面生成物为CuEX.     

水悬浮液中用KBX和ADD诱导细粒铁闪锌矿的絮团浮选(英文)

采用激光粒度分析、显微镜分析、电泳光散射、接触角测量和红外光谱研究了水悬浮液中用丁基黄药(KBX)和丁铵黑药(ADD)诱导细粒铁闪锌矿的疏水絮凝。通过改变各种参数,其中包括pH值、捕收剂浓度和煤油用量,研究了粒度小于20μm的单矿物的絮团浮选行为。结果表明,絮团浮选效果与絮团粒度和颗粒疏水性密切相关,但是由于捕收剂的吸附导致的颗粒表面电性增大并没有降低絮团浮选效果。在优化的操作条件下,在KBX和ADD的作用下细粒铁闪锌矿的絮团浮选回收率均高于90%,而常规浮选的回收率只有60%左右。试验还发现,由于铁闪锌矿颗粒表面油膜的形成,少量煤油的添加可大幅度改进浮选指标。FTIR光谱结果表明这两种药剂在铁闪锌矿表面的吸附均为化学吸附。     

乙硫氮在铁闪锌矿表面吸附的电化学行为及机理

采用光谱分析、循环伏安及恒电位阶跃法,研究了乙硫氮(NaD)在铁闪锌矿表面吸附的电化学行为及机理,该机理与浮选电化学的混合电位模型并不一致.在酸性条件下,当电位为0～200 mV时,乙硫氮在铁闪锌矿表面电化学吸附形成双乙硫氮(D2);当电位为410 mV时,乙硫氮与矿物发生电化学反应形成ZnD2和S°,并产生钝化,且表面疏水性强;当电位大于600 mV,电极过程由自腐蚀反应控制.在中性和碱性条件下,铁闪锌矿表面的电极过程主要由自腐蚀阳极溶解控制.随着pH值的增大,表面中间态分别为Fe(OH)D2、Fe(OH)2D和Zn(OH)D,并随电位增大进一步氧化成Zn(OH)2、Fe(OH)3和D2,且矿物表面亲水性强.在开路电位条件下,铁闪锌矿表面存在双乙硫氮和乙硫氮金属盐,但不能有效地附着在电极表面.     

巯基类小分子有机抑制剂对复杂硫化矿物浮选行为的抑制机理

通过浮选实验、红外光谱测定,考察了脆硫锑铅矿、磁黄铁矿和铁闪锌矿在丁黄药作用下的浮选行为和巯基类小分子有机抑制剂(巯基乙酸、巯基乙醇)对三种矿物的抑制效果以及Cu2 离子对巯基化合物抑制效果的影响。结果表明:用丁黄药作捕收剂,脆硫锑铅矿和磁黄铁矿在pH 2~10范围内都有良好的可浮性,铁闪锌矿在酸性条件下可浮性好,三者分离困难;在pH 6~8之间,采用巯基乙酸和巯基乙醇作抑制剂,脆硫锑铅矿与磁黄铁矿和铁闪锌矿的分离是可能的;但铜离子存在时,3种矿物之间的选择性分离是难以实现的。红外光谱测试表明:在抑制剂分子中有多种官能团如—SH、—COOH、—OH等。丁黄药和抑制剂在矿物表面存在竞争吸附,有机抑制剂携带亲水基团,使得矿物表面更容易亲水,从而受到抑制。     

使用抑制剂甘油基黄原酸钠浮选分离铁闪锌矿与黄铁矿(英文)

研究抑制剂甘油基黄原酸钠(SGX)在铁闪锌矿与黄铁矿浮选分离过程中的作用机理。通过浮选实验考察该抑制剂对硫化矿物的浮选抑制行为。结果表明,用丁黄药作捕收剂,在SGX存在下铁闪锌矿能被Cu2+活化从而具有良好的可浮性,而黄铁矿不能被Cu2+活化;在pH为4-11的范围,SGX的用量小于50mg/L时,可以实现两种矿物的选择性分离。动电位分析表明,SGX在Cu2+存在的条件下不能阻止丁黄药的阴离子在铁闪锌矿表面的吸附,但能阻止丁黄药的阴离子在黄铁矿表面的吸附。吸附等温测试结果表明,SGX在黄铁矿表面的吸附量远比在铁闪锌表面量大。     

金属离子强化铁闪锌矿浮选精矿的生物浸出

考察了金属离子Cu2 、Fe3 和Fe2 等对铁闪锌矿浮选精矿生物浸出的影响,并与无菌条件下对铁闪锌矿浸出的影响进行比较.结果表明:Cu2 、Fe3 和Fe2 等金属离子在一定浓度范围内都可以促进铁闪锌矿的生物浸出;在无菌条件下,除Fe2 外,Cu2 和Fe3 离子仍对铁闪锌矿溶解有一定的促进作用.电化学测试和X射线衍射分析表明:添加Cu2 和Fe3 等离子将影响铁闪锌矿电极发生的电化学反应和浸渣组成;添加Cu2 离子可取代矿物基质晶格中的Zn而生成CuS沉淀,并与锌矿产生原电池效应而促进浸出过程;Fe3 和Fe2 两种离子强化铁闪锌矿生物浸出的机理本质上一致,均可以提高浸出液中氧化剂浓度和促进细菌生长与生物活性.     

硫化矿物的浮选电化学与浮选行为

研究黄铜矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿等矿物在有/无捕收剂两种情况下的浮选行为,考察浮选与矿浆电位的关系。结果表明:当pH值分别小于4.0时,黄铜矿无捕收剂浮选的电位区间为0~0.9 V;当pH值为4.0或11.0时,矿浆电位大于0.85 V以后,黄铁矿的浮选回收率低于20%;当pH值为11.0时,黄铜矿无捕收剂浮选的矿浆电位区间为0.35~0.85 V。当pH值为10.0、丁黄药浓度为5×10-5 mol/L时,方铅矿浮选的矿浆电位为0.45~0.55 V,而黄铜矿在0.45~0.80 V的电位区间具有良好的浮选性能;对闪锌矿而言,当pH值为9.0时,矿浆电位在-0.40~0.80 V区间都不具有良好的可浮性。在浮选体系中,黄铜矿表面氧化会产生元素S0,当矿浆电位从-0.2V增大至0.6 V,黄铜矿表面氧化产生的元素S的数量逐渐增大,黄铜矿的无捕收剂浮选性能越来越好。从南京和青海2个铅锌矿山的应用情况来看,采用电位调控浮选技术可以大幅度缩短铅矿石的浮选时间,减少浮选机数量。例如在南京某铅锌矿,由于采用电位调控浮选技术,原来2个系列每天处理900 t矿石,现在采用一个系列即可处理。     

岩金富硫化矿石无捕收剂浮选试验研究

以硫化矿物无捕收剂浮选的电化学原理为基础，利用岩金富硫化矿石中的金与其载体矿物硫化矿物的共生关系，探讨了该岩金富硫化矿矿石无捕收剂浮选时，硫化钠用量、矿浆pH值、矿浆电位、氧化时间对其浮选回收率的影响，其实验室粗选结果，可获得32．0g／t金品位，94．01％的金回收率，向传统的黄药类捕收剂浮选金提出了新的挑战。     

油酸钠浮选锂辉石的表面晶体化学及各向异性

基于锂辉石与绿柱石和长石等铝硅酸盐矿物的表面皆含有活性Al原子,表面晶体化学特性是产生选择性浮选分离的决定性因素,通过不同粒级单矿物浮选实验、Zeta电位测试、红外光谱分析、密度泛函理论计算及分子动力学模拟等方法系统研究油酸钠浮选锂辉石的表面晶体化学及各向异性。结果表明:锂辉石浮选回收率随pH增大先增加而后减小,当pH=8.5左右,浮选回收率达到最大值;在一定粒度范围内,粒度越粗,锂辉石浮选回收率越高;锂辉石表面Al质点与油酸钠发生化学吸附作用;锂辉石晶面单位面积的断裂键数以及与油酸钠的相互作用能由大到小依次为(110)、(001),其是导致不同粒级锂辉石浮选行为差异性的根本原因。     

一种人工天青石矿的浮选及夹带行为的统计分析(英文)

研究浮选参数对泡沫浮选脉石回收率的影响,测试了pH=10时起泡剂类型和捕收剂用量对浮选性能的影响。采用方差分析了测试结果。在用油酸钠作捕收剂的情况下,亲水性矿物的浮选主要是由于Ca+2离子对石英的活化产生的疏水性而导致的夹带作用所引起的;夹带和矿泥包裹层对浮选也有一定的影响。在浮选产物中脉石的夹带程度随着矿石颗粒粒度的减小而增加。实验结果表明,通过增大捕收剂用量、缩短浮选时间,可以减小水流夹带作用,提高浮选的选择性。     

Flotation of indium-beard marmatite from multi-metallic ore

Flotation of indium-beard marmatite from Dulong multi-metallic ore in Yunnan Province of China was studied to improve the grades and recoveries of zinc and indium of the zinc concentrate in Dulong concentration plant.The experimental results indicated that copper sulfate mixed with a chemical reagent X-1 as the activator in the marmatite flotation produced a much better beneficiation than copper sulfate alone,increasing the zinc and indium recoveries of 10% and 6%,respectively,while the concentrate grades remained unchanged.Also,the new activator acted well around pH 10,allowing large savings on lime consumption in the rnarmatite flotation.In addition,it has been found that a sufficient activated lime of activator with ore slurry in the flotation is needed to achieve good beneficiation of the marmatite ore.     

Electrochemical flotation separation of marmatite from pyrrhotite in the presence of copper ion

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Floc flotation of marmatite fines in aqueous suspensions induced by butyl xanthate and ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate

The hydrophobic flocculation of marmatite fines in aqueous suspensions induced by butyl xanthate (KBX) and ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate (ADD) was investigated using laser particle size analysis, microscopy analysis, electrophoretic light scattering, contact angle measurement and infrared spectroscopy. The studies were performed on single minerals with size ≤20 µm by varying several parameters, including pH, collector concentration and kerosene addition. The results show that the floc flotation closely correlated with the size of flocs and the particle hydrophobicity, but was not lowered with increasing the particle surface charges due to collector adsorption. Under good operating conditions, the floc flotation of marmatite fines as a function of KBX and ADD can all reach floatability over 90%, in comparison with conventional flotation obtaining floatability of about 60%. It also has been found that a small addition of kerosene greatly improved the floc flotation because of the formation of oil films on marmatite particles. The results of FTIR spectra indicate that adsorption of the two collectors onto marmatite were chemical adsorption.     

Bioleaching of marmatite flotation concentrate by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum f errooxidans

Bioleaching of marmatite flotation concentrate by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans was investigated at 35℃, the initial pH value of 2.0 on an orbital shaker with 160 min^-1 over a period of 10 days. Experimental results indicate that the adapted strains increase markedly the dissolution rate and the leac-hing ratio of marmatite. Pulp density also affects the bioleaching of marmatite. Massive elemental sulfur and jarosite form during the leaching process in the systems inoculating the adapted strains in pure and mixed cultures;and acid product is enhanced, which decreases the pH below to 2.0 in latter leaching period. Marmatite preferentially dis-solves during the bacterial leaching of complex sulfides. Compared with the pure cultures of original and adapted strains, the adapted strains of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans in mixed cultures are more efficient in the oxidation of marmatite.     

Flotation separation of marmatite from pyrrhotite using DMPS as depressant

1 Introduction Pyrrhotite and marmatite are found in most sulfide ore bodies together. Their separation becomes an important issue. In the flotation of complex sulfide ores, high pH value is generally used to separate valuable sulfide minerals from pyrrh…     

Improvement of flotation behavior of Mengzi lead-silver-zinc ore by pulp potential control flotation

The electrochemical behavior of Mengzi lead-silver-zinc ore flotation system was studied. Based on the electrochemical characteristics of sulfide mineral flotation system, a stage potential control flotation was developed with the main parameters of pulp potential（φp）, pH value and collector dosage. Using N,N＇ diphenylamino-dithiolphosphoric acid（NNDDC） as a collector, which has good selectivity for galena flotation at pH 8.8 and pulp potential 330 mV, DDTC is used as secondary collector to improve both the grade and recovery of Pb and Ag. The pulp potential values significantly influence the floatability of practical minerals and single minerals when using NNDDC as the collector. The flotation recovery of galena reaches 85% at about 0.3 V and pH8.8. With the usage of pulp potential control during grinding and flotation, the new pulp electrochemical technology for Mengzi lead-silver-zinc ore flotation was developed. The results show that the grades of Pb and Ag of galena concentrate are 55% and 1 800 g/t, respectively, while the recoveries of Pb and Ag are 86.5% and 65%, respectively, the grade of Zn of marmatite concentrate is 42.5%, and the recovery of Zn is 91.25%.     

Marmatite bioleaching with moderately thermoacidophilic bacterial strain and mineral analyses of solid residues

The bioleaching of a marmatite flotation concentrate with a moderately thermoacidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterial strain （MLY） is influenced significantly by temperature, pH, particle size, pulp density of ores and bacterial strains. Under such leaching conditions as the initial pH value of 1.5, temperature of 50℃, pulp density of 5%, particle size less than 35.5μm （over 90%） and inoculating the adapted strains of MLY, the leached Zn is over 95% after 10 d of bioleaching. SEM observations show the cell attachment and the surface features of solid residues under different leaching conditions. XRD and EDX analyses show that a mass of elemental sulfur form during the bioleaching process. The technological feasibility of a microbiological process using MLY for extracting zinc from the marmatite concentrate is demonstrated.     

Collectorless flotation of marmatite with pine oil

The interaction between pine oil and marmatite without collectors and activators was investigated by flotation,scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectrometer(SEM-EDS),infrared(IR) spectroscopy,Zeta potential,and first-principle theory calculations.The flotation results show that marmatite exhibits considerable floatability with the addition of pine oil.SEM-EDS results show that carbon atomic ratios on the surface are significantly high,which suggests that the flotation of marmatite is caused by the adsorption of pine oil.Further evidence of the adsorption mechanism was given by IR,and Zeta potential examining pine oil depends on the physical adsorption on the surface independently.The first-principle theory calculations indicate that pine oil molecule adsorbs on Zn and Fe atom surfaces by ionic bond and covalent bond of adsorption energies of-1.23and-1.51 eV,respectively.P orbital of O atom,s orbital of Zn atom,and d orbital of Fe are the major participants.