层次分析法在AUV智能决策中的应用研究

在海洋勘查使命中,AUV为了适应各种变化以完成使命必须进行智能决策并从多条恢复路径中选出最优者。为了寻求获得最优恢复路径的方法,分析了AUV智能决策的主要约束,建立了智能决策模型,基于层次分析法对AUV进行智能决策选取最优恢复路径的过程进行了定性的分析。仿真试验表明：AUV基于层次分析法所获得的最优恢复路径和专家的决策相一致,层次分析法能够有效解决多约束条件下AUV的智能决策问题。     

Assessing enterprise wiki success from the perspective of end-users: an empirical approach

ABSTRACT

The success of wikis on the Internet has led organisations to introduce wikis within corporate settings for multiple purposes. However, despite the popularity of wikis in the public and subsequently in the corporate environment, an empirical investigation of their benefits for individual performance in organisations is still lacking. This study performs an empirical investigation of 177 corporate wiki end-users to evaluate their perceived performance after wiki use. Enterprise wikis’ perceived end-user performance is evaluated by measuring users’ perceived efficiency, effectiveness and capacity development. The findings suggest that the collaboration quality, information quality and system quality of enterprise wikis help their users in terms of increased efficiency, effectiveness and capacity development.     

A consensus approach for synthesizing the elements of comparison matrix in the Analytic Hierarchy Process

The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been widely utilized to solve multicriteria decision-making problems in synthesizing conflict opinions. Normally, AHP uses the geometric averaging approach to synthesize preference weights determined by decision-makers. This approach has been criticized by many researches since synthesis weight may not reach a consensus. To make the synthesis acceptable to all decision-makers, the study proposes a computer-aided approach to achieve a compromise for all the elements in the comparison matrix while implementing AHP. Accordingly, decision-makers can conveniently exchange trustful information, which is generated by the embedded genetic algorithm, sensitivity analysis and similarity measure of the judgements done by decision-makers. Consequently, the consensus of all the elements in the comparison matrix can be obtained through such an innovative approach to resolve the disparity of judgements within decisionmakers.     

Integral: Petri-net approach to distributed software development

As the architecture of modern software systems continues to evolve in a distributed fashion, the development of such systems becomes increasingly complex, which requires the integration of more sophisticated specification techniques, tools, and procedures into the conventional methodology. An essential capability of an integrated software development environment is a formal specification method to capture effectively the system's functional requirements as well as its performance requirements. A validation and verification (V&V) system based on a formal specification method is of paramount importance to the development and maintenance of distributed systems.

There has been recent interest in integrating software techniques and tools at the specification level. It is also noted that an effective way of achieving such integration is by using wide-spectrum specification techniques. In view of these points, an integrated V&V system, called Integral, is presented that provides comprehensive and homogeneous analysis capabilities to both specification and testing phases of the life-cycle of distributed software systems. The underlying software model that supports various V&V activities in Integral is primarily based on Petri nets and is intended to be wide spectrum. The ultimate goal of this research is to demonstrate to the software industry, domestic or foreign, the availability and applicability of a new Petri-net-based software development paradigm. Integral is a prototype V&V system to support such a paradigm.     

层次分析法在目标主机安全量化融合中的应用

在计算机网络安全领域,针对目标主机的安全性能分析评估是当前的研究热点。该文从分析影响目标主机安全性能的因素入手,运用层次分析法,确定安全评价指标,构建目标主机安全性能评价层次结构模型,为评价目标主机的安全性能提供了可行的方法。     

Assessing the success of e-government systems: An employee perspective

By using information system (IS) success-based approaches from the perspective of government employees, this paper investigates the success of e-government systems. Structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques were applied to data collected by a questionnaire from 154 employees of e-government systems in Serbia. In this study, we empirically evaluated the model for measuring the success of e-government systems consisting of constructs from the updated DeLone and McLean IS success model coupled with the demographic conditions. Seven out of ten hypothesized relationships between the seven success variables are significantly supported. The findings of this study can be used to assess the success of e-government systems from the standpoint of the government employees.     

层次分析法中群组决策的计算机仿真

根据群组两两比较的实际数据,利用统计方法拟合区间成对比较阵中不确定元素的概率分布,给出了求解层次分析法群组决策的仿真方法,并制作了多准则决策的应用软件。该方法尤其适用于复杂的群组决策问题,并且能得到更丰富的综合评价信息。     

Assessing the suitability of judgmental auditing tasks for expert systems development: An empirical approach

The “Big 6” public accounting firms have invested considerable resources in the development of expert system (ES) for a variety of auditing tasks. However, the tasks for most existing auditing ESs appear to have been selected based on accessibility and cooperation of experts, and/or the judgmental evaluation of the developer, rather than a careful selection of the task from among a number of viable alternatives. A critical aspect of task suitability is the degree to which the characteristics of a candidate task match the capabilities of ES technology. In this study, a questionnaire was developed to obtain task-related information from practicing auditors in order to distinguish among candidate auditing tasks in terms of their suitability for ES development. Auditors in the “Big 6” public accounting firms were asked to provide ratings of the knowledge, data, and task characteristics of nine judgmental auditing tasks. The analysis of the data obtained from fifty-nine auditors revealed that the nine tasks were distinguishable in terms of their suitability for ES application. Two tasks, determining compliance with generally accepted accounting principles and audit work program development, were relatively better suited for ES application, while determination of the adequacy of an allowance and going concern evaluation were the tasks least suited for ES application. The fact that actual ES development efforts in the “Big 6” firms have emphasized the compliance and audit work program development tasks provides a degree of validation of our results.     

A decomposition approach to distributed control of spatially invariant systems

This note considers the decentralized control of spatially invariant systems, i.e., systems of homogeneous interacting components. The main idea is for individual components to model interactions with neighbors as disturbances that satisfy certain magnitude bounds while simultaneously self-imposing symmetric magnitude bounds. These magnitude bounds can be interpreted as negotiated levels of interaction among components. It turns out that this approach is equivalent to constructing a feedback that is robustly stabilizing with structured uncertainties.     

Measuring e-learning systems success in an organizational context: Scale development and validation

Electronic learning (e-learning) has been widely adopted as a promising solution by many companies to offer learning-on-demand opportunities to individual employees in order to reduce training time and cost. While information systems (IS) success models have received much attention among researchers, little research has been conducted to assess the success and/or effectiveness of e-learning systems in an organizational context. Whether traditional IS success models can be extended to investigate e-learning systems success has been scarcely addressed. Based on previous IS success literature, this study developed and validated a multi-dimensional model for assessing e-learning systems success (ELSS) from the perspective of the employee (e-learner). The procedures used in conceptualizing an ELSS construct, generating items, collecting data, and validating a multiple-item scale for measuring ELSS are described. This paper presents evidence of the scale’s factor structure, reliability, content validity, criterion-related validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity on the basis of analyzing data from a sample of 206 respondents. Theoretical and managerial implications of our results are discussed. This empirically validated instrument will be useful to researchers in developing and testing e-learning systems theories, as well as to organizations in implementing successful e-learning systems.     

基于层次分析的搜索引擎性能综合评价

运用层次分析法对搜索引擎评价体系建模并计算出各指标的综合权重,又借助模糊理论构造指标集到评语集的模糊关系,在统计实验和专家组评分的基础上得出评价结果,完成对搜索引擎从定性到定量的综合评价.通过实例证明,该方案简便实用,评价结果较为客观,具有一定的可操作性.     

Embryonic approach to the development of information systems

Prototyping in information systems (IS) development has recently shown increased benefits. In principle, the prototyping process provides users with more opportunities to improve their work, to verify that their needs are provided for, and that the terms used in the interface of the designed system are consistent with those in use in their work. As a result, they should be highly motivated to participate in an IS development process.However, certain drawbacks inherited from traditional prototyping in industrial production could limit the use of this approach in IS development. Some problems are identified in this paper, such as: (1) product-oriented thinking; (2) feedback delay; (3) the preoccupation of designers with respect to the experimental approach; (4) problems arising from the users' participation being indirect, and (5) negative attitudes towards contradiction. This paper proposes an organic approach, the ‘Embryonic Approach’ (EmA), in order to explore the full potentialities of prototyping in IS development. This approach is based on two fundamental elements; an adaptive and expandable kernel-structure, and a built-in communication mechanism.     

A distributed block approach to solving near-block-diagonal systems with an application to a large macroeconometric model

This paper illustrates some benefits of small-scale distributed processing in solving near-block-diagonal systems. We review the theoretical advantages of distributed block algorithms and apply such an algorithm to solve a large nonlinear macroeconometric model. For our application, on a four-processor UNIX server, the algorithm achieves a speedup factor of more than 6 over the standard algorithm on a single processor. A speedup factor of about 2 is due to the added efficiency of the block algorithm on a single processor, and the remaining factor of 3 results from distributing the work over four processors.The views in this paper are solely the responsibility of the authors and should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or other members of its staff. We would like to thank Ray Board, Neil Ericsson, Mico Loretan, and an anonymous referee for helpful comments.     

Using a Delphi process and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to evaluate the complexity of projects

Project complexity is ever growing and needs to be understood, analysed and measured better to assist modern project management. The overall ambition of this paper is therefore to define a measure of project complexity in order to assist decision-making, notably when analysing several projects in a portfolio, or when studying different areas of a project. A synthesised literature review on existing complexity measures is firstly proposed in order to highlight their limitations. Then, we identify the multiple aspects of project complexity thanks to the construction and refinement of a project complexity framework thanks to an international Delphi study. We then propose a multi-criteria approach to project complexity evaluation, underlining the benefits of such an approach. In order to solve properly this multi-criteria problem, we first conduct a critical state of the art on multi-criteria methodologies. We then argue for the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. In the end, this tool permits to define a relative project complexity measure, which can notably assist decision-making. Complexity scales and subscales are defined in order to highlight the most complex alternatives and their principal sources of complexity within the set of criteria and sub-criteria which exist in the hierarchical structure. Finally, a case study within a start-up firm in the entertainment industry (musicals production) is performed. Conclusions, limitations and perspectives of research are given in the end.     

High-level debugging of distributed systems: The behavioral abstraction approach

Most extant debugging aids force their users to think about errors in programs from a low-level, unit-at-a-time perspective. Such a perspective is inadequate for debugging large complex systems, particularly distributed systems. In this paper, we present a high-level approach to debugging that offers an alternative to the traditional techniques. We describe a language, edl, developed to support this high-level approach to debugging and outline a set of tools that has been constructed to effect this approach. The paper includes an example illustrating the approach and discusses a number of problems encountered while developing these debugging tools.     

Automatic verification of distributed systems: The process algebra approach

A survey of tools for the analysis of distributed systems represented through process algebras is presented. The tools are compared with respect to a set of qualitative parameters. From this analysis, the properties which are desirable for concurrency tools are investigated. Criteria to evaluate the suitability of a tool with respect to a particular user are proposed.     

An alternative approach to the development of industrial systems

The increasing size and complexity of today's industrial systems calls for the use of structured approaches during development of such systems. A structured approach comprises both a way of thinking and tools to support this way of thinking. The power of such an approach depends on the extent to which the way of thinking suits the problem. This paper describes an alternative way of modelling industrial systems. The approach recognizes the fact that industrial systems consist of interacting processes which operate simultaneously and is referred to as the “Process Interaction Approach”. A set of structured tools based on this understanding has been developed for the design and analysis of industrial systems, including process control systems, application software a.o.. The use of these tools is illustrated on a bottling system.It is believed that the Process Interaction Approach offers natural and powerful concepts, which can be fruitfully applied to the development of industrial systems.     

Task allocation and coordination process in distributed agile software development: an ontology based approach

Information Technology and Management - Distributed agile software development (DASD) has gained much popularity over the past years. It relates to Agile Software Development (ASD) being executed...     

Assessing the contribution of knowledge to business performance: the KP methodology

Knowledge is inherently difficult to measure. However, without valid and reliable measurement, it is very difficult to develop a comprehensive theory of knowledge and provide a practical guide for knowledge management. In this paper, we do not measure knowledge directly, but assess how much knowledge contributes to business performance. The KP³ methodology developed in this paper assesses the contribution of knowledge to business performance by employing product and process as intermediaries between the two. The understanding of the contribution is essential because it makes it possible to assess the productivities of knowledge entities, evaluate and compensate knowledge workers, and to allocate and develop human capital.