有机噻吩类衍生物作为光伏材料的研究进展

聚噻吩及其衍生物是一类重要的有机共轭高分子材料,不仅具有良好的环境稳定性,而且带隙窄,是理想的聚合物光伏材料。分类介绍了有机噻吩类衍生物在聚合物太阳能电池中的研究进展及需要改进的地方,如开路电压、短路电流及能量转换效率仍需要大幅度提高才能应用到生活中。展望了聚合物太阳能电池的发展前景。     

新型共轭微孔聚合物材料的制备及应用

新型共轭微孔聚合物(CMPs)作为多孔有机材料中的一类,由于自身独特的π-π共轭结构、永久的微孔性、良好的物理化学稳定性、可调控的比表面积和孔性能等,近几年来,在储能、储气、催化剂、吸附、生物传感器和光捕获等领域广泛应用。重点介绍了CMPs灵活多样化的设计理念、多种制备方法以及目前存在的众多应用,并对这类新型共轭微孔材料目前存在的问题进行总结。     

POSS/聚合物杂化材料应用的研究进展

笼型倍半硅氧烷(POSS)/聚合物有机无机杂化材料是近年来材料科学领域的一个研究热点。POSS/聚合物杂化材料在很多领域都呈现出了巨大的应用前景,如高温绝缘材料、低介电常数材料、传感器、光学元件材料、催化剂载体等。文中综述了其在航空航天、耐热阻燃、高性能介电材料、多孔功能材料、催化剂、陶瓷前驱体、纳米复合材料和生物齿科材料等方面应用的研究进展。最后,笔者指出目前制约POSS/聚合物杂化材料深入研究和广泛应用的关键原因是POSS化合物的合成。     

具有激发态性质的新型有机半导体材料

高度评价了国内在三线态有机电致发光材料、有机半导体复合材料中的光伏极性反转、共轭聚合物中的光致极化反转的研究中取得的创新性成果，旨在增加研究者对有机半导体材料激发态及其性质的研究这一新兴领域的了解和认识，引起学术界对激发态有机半导体材料的深思与讨论，共同探索有机光电信息材料研究领域中创新的源头。     

氟材料在有机太阳能电池中的应用

有机太阳能电池具有成本低、质量轻、柔韧性好等优点,提高有机太阳能电池的光电转化率和降低成本,开发新型的有机太阳能电池材料一直是研究的重点。文中简要介绍了有机太阳能电池的特点、工作原理及发展趋势,提出了含氟共轭聚合物在有机太阳能电池给体材料中的研究,重点讨论了含氟苯并噻二唑,含氟苯并三唑及1,5-并噻吩衍生物的研究。同时,讨论了含氟物质在界面修饰材料中的应用。最后,对含氟共轭聚合物在有机太阳能电池未来的发展做出了展望。     

共轭微孔聚合物研究进展

共轭微孔聚合物(CMPs)有制作方法简单多样、比表面积大、物理化学稳定性好、结构形貌可调等特点,因此受到广泛关注。近年来,共轭微孔聚合物的多种合成方法和新应用成为了研究热点,CMPs主要用途包括超级电容器、非均相催化、化学传感器、太阳能界面蒸发、抑菌材料、阻燃材料。重点介绍了共轭微孔聚合物的多种合成方法以及CMPs的多种应用领域,并且对目前合成CMPs的难点进行总结。     

VOCs传感器敏感膜材料及敏感机理研究进展

在有机挥发性气体(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)传感器中,对VOCs产生选择性吸附作用的敏感膜是至关重要的部分,传感器的响应效能取决于敏感膜的材料和制备方法。本文总结了用于VOCs传感器的有机聚合物材料、无机纳米材料、超分子材料和复合材料等不同结构类型的敏感膜材料,通过分析其化学组成、制备方法及结构特征,探讨并比较VOCs在各种敏感膜材料上的吸附性能及相互作用机制,特别介绍了近年发展起来的金属有机框架(metal-organic frameworks,MOFs)材料在VOCs传感器中的应用及敏感机理。最后对敏感膜材料在VOCs传感器研发中面临的挑战及发展趋势进行了讨论和展望,包括传感器的灵敏度、交叉响应、寿命等性能问题,研发孔隙率高、比表面积大的敏感材料将有望解决这些挑战。     

共轭聚合物受体光伏材料和全聚合物太阳电池

全聚合物太阳电池(all-PSCs)由p-型共轭聚合物给体和n-型共轭聚合物受体共混活性层夹在ITO透明电极和金属顶电极之间所构成,除具有一般有机太阳电池器件结构简单、质量轻、可以制备成柔性和半透明器件等优点外,还具有形貌和光照稳定性好及抗弯折性能高等突出特点,最近成为有机太阳电池领域的研究热点.给体和受体光伏材料的吸...     

有机蒙脱土/黄原胶丙烯酸接枝共聚物复合高吸水性材料的制备

有机-无机复合高吸水性材料吸水抗盐性能优异,具有无机分散相的纳米尺寸效应以及与聚合物基体间良好的界面结合,表现出更优异的综合性能。利用溶液聚合法制备了有机蒙脱土/黄原胶丙烯酸接枝共聚物的有机-无机杂化复合高吸水性材料,借助傅立叶红外光谱证实产物结构中有机与无机物发生表面接枝交联形成复合结构。同时,以产物吸蒸馏水和0.9%的NaCl溶液的倍率为性能指标,采用单因素实验法探讨了各个因素对合成复合高吸水材料吸水抗盐性能的影响,获得各因素最佳量。     

纳米吸收剂/聚合物复合吸波功能材料研究进展

纳米吸收剂/聚合物复合吸波材料是一种新型功能材料.综述了纳米吸收剂/聚合物复合吸波功能材料的特点、组成及制备方法,并展望了该复合材料的发展前景.     

Polyurethane conductive blends and composites: synthesis and applications perspective

The objective of this review is to describe the important progress made in the area of synthesis and applications of conducting composites/blends derived from polyurethanes as host material. Polyurethane is one of the most useful polymeric materials with multiple functional applications. The pristine polymer is an insulator and conductivity can be imparted by blending or compositing with conductive materials such as conducting polymers, carbon black, CNTs, and graphite/graphene. The resulting conductive composites are useful as sensors, corrosion-resistance paints, electrostatic dissipaters, EMI shielders, and many others. The review discusses various methods to obtain such conductive polyurethane composites and their intended or demonstrated applications.     

导热高分子材料研究进展

讨论了提高聚合物导热性能的途径－合成高导热系数的结构聚合物，用高导热无机填料对聚合物进行填充复合。综述了导热高分子材料的研究成果：聚合物导热的基本概念和影响其导热性能的因素及导热系数的预测理论；聚合物基导热复合材料的选材、复合技术及其应用。指出了导热高分子材料的研究方向－－纳米导热填料的研究和开发；聚合物树脂基体的物理化学改性；聚合物基体与导热填料复合新技术的研究和开发；复合材料导热模型的建立、导热机理（特别是聚合物基体与导热填料界面的结构与性能对材料导热性能的影响）及导热通路的形成等；探索高导热本体聚合物材料的制备方法和途径等。对导热高分子材料的研究和开发有重要意义。     

纳米石墨烯复合材料的制备及应用研究进展

石墨烯作为一种由单原子紧密堆积成的二维蜂窝状晶格结构碳材料,具有许多特殊的物理化学性质,使其在各个领域均表现出良好的应用前景。目前石墨烯及纳米石墨烯复合材料的制备和应用已成为材料界研究的重点和热点。在简要介绍石墨烯的结构和性质的基础上,介绍了石墨烯的4种制备方法——机械剥离法、化学气相沉积法、化学剥离法和化学合成法。总结了纳米石墨烯/聚合物复合材料以及纳米无机/石墨烯复合材料的制备及应用,并重点讨论了纳米石墨烯复合材料在生物医药、电子器件、微波吸收、传感器以及电极材料等方面独特的应用优势,展望了纳米石墨烯复合材料的发展前景及研究方向。     

Patterning photo-curable light-emitting organic composites by vertical and horizontal capillarity: a general route to photonic nanostructures

We demonstrate the patterning of organic light-emitting composites made by conjugated polymers and photo-curable matrices. Using blends that exhibit both the structural properties of a low-viscosity photo-curable polymer, and the emission features of conjugated light-emitting materials, we study the operational principle of the pattern transfer and the modifications induced by the imprinting and microfluidic procedures on the optical properties of the compounds investigated. The combination of high-resolution silicone and perfluoropolyether elastomeric templates and low-viscosity, light-emitting polymeric blends offers the possibility to easily produce active organic structures with 100?nm scale resolution, thus extending current nanopatterning routes to this important class of composite material.     

The structure of the interface in carbon fibre composites by scanning Auger microscopy

Scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) has been used to study the fibre/matrix interface of composite materials. This novel application of Auger spectroscopy enables further understanding of the mechanism of failure in composites when applied to carbon fibre-reinforced epoxy material. Initial work was carried out on carbon fibres prior to their incorporation into the resin matrix. Auger spectroscopy can be used to detect the presence of thin polymeric layers on the carbon fibres if a suitable, matrix-specific element is chosen to form the scanning Auger image. Two composite materials have been investigated. They differ from each other by the fracture mechanisms. In the case of unidirectional continuous fibre composites, a high volume fraction of conducting carbon fibres makes Auger analysis possible although the failure surface is predominantly polymer residues. For short-fibre composites the technique is more difficult considering the low volume fraction of fibres, but Auger spectroscopy enables the identification of microfailure mechanism and of the effect of fibre surface treatment on the failure mode.     

聚合物的热膨胀

热膨胀既是聚合物的基本属性,同时也与聚合物结构与性能密切相关。本文在提出聚合物热膨胀产生机制的基础上,介绍了测量聚合物热膨胀的方法,讨论了热膨胀在聚合物基础研究中的应用,着重评述了热膨胀在PTC材料为代表的聚合物基复合材料设计中的重要价值。     

Review of recent achievements in self-healing conductive materials and their applications

Self-healing materials have attracted increasing attention because of their wide range of applications. It can be expected to offer obvious advantages in conductive materials with self-healing properties, which are regarded as promising candidates for the fabrication of self-healing electronics, energy storage devices, sensors, anticorrosive coating and conductive adhesives. In this review, we focused on recent efforts to develop self-healing conductive composites including their preparation methods, properties and applications. The self-healing conductive materials were presented based on different conductive mediums, such as metal, carbon, conductive polymer, ionic liquids. In addition, their novel applications of the self-healing conductive materials in conductive coatings, energy storage devices and sensors are highlighted. Finally, the future challenges of conductive materials with self-healing properties are proposed.     

In State of Art: Mechanical and tribological behaviour of polymeric composites based on natural fibres

In this article, a comprehensive literature review on the mechanical and tribological behaviour of polymeric composites based on natural fibres is introduced. The effects of volume fraction, orientations, treatments and physical characteristics of different types of natural fibres on the mechanical and tribological properties of several thermoset and thermoplastic polymers are addressed. The effects of the tribological operating parameters (applied load, sliding velocity and sliding distance) on the frictional and wear performance of natural fibre polymer composites are demonstrated. The collected date and analyses revealed that volume fraction, orientations, type of treatment and physical characteristics of the natural fibres significantly influence the mechanical and tribological behaviour of composites. The most influence key in designing natural fibre/polymer composite is the interfacial adhesion of the fibre with the matrix. NaOH chemical treatment found to be the most useful treatment method to enhance the interfacial adhesion of the natural fibres with the matrix, while other techniques exhibited either no effect or deterioration on the fibre strength. Frictional characteristics of the natural fibre composites are poor and solid lubricants are recommended to reduce the friction coefficient of the materials.     

聚合物在生物传感器中的应用研究进展

综述了近年来高分子材料在生物传感器的应用研究进展，介绍了高分子复合物，水凝胶，溶胶－凝胶，改性聚合物，电生聚合物，氧化还原聚合物，离子交换聚合物和具有特殊结构的聚合物在酶和电子媒介体固定化方面的应用以及由其制备的生物传感器的性能，对应用于生物传感器的高分子材料的分类，制备方法和原理及其特性进行了深入的探讨，并指出了目前其存在的主要问题及解决方法，对高分子材料在生物传感器中的应用前景予以展望。     

炭黑/聚合物气敏导电复合材料研究进展

综述了炭黑／聚合物导电复合材料作为气敏传感材料的研究．并按未处理炭黑／聚合物复合材料和接枝炭黑／聚合物复合材料进行分类,分别从结构组成、有机溶剂或蒸汽对复合材料的导电性能影响等方面进行了分析。