基于优化CNN与信息融合的地铁牵引电机轴承故障诊断

针对在单一传感器下轴承故障识别率低的问题,提出一种基于优化CNN与信息融合的地铁牵引电机轴承故障智能检测方法。首先,选取NU216轴承为研究对象,预制故障缺陷;然后,采用正交试验法设计试验方案,采集NU216轴承的振动信号和声发射信号;其次,将原始数据通过连续小波变换,分别提取轴承的振动和声发射信号的时频域特征,并将2类单通道数据进行融合,得到双通道融合数据集;最后,将得到的3类数据集分别划分为训练集和测试集,输入优化后的卷积神经网络模型进行训练、测试。试验结果表明,基于振动信号的故障诊断准确率为95.76%,基于声发射信号的故障诊断准确率为92.33%,基于融合信号的故障诊断准确率为98.59%。     

基于集成神经网络的航空发动机故障诊断研究

针对航空发动机单一信息源故障诊断存在诊断效率低和准确率不高的问题,研究了基于油液和振动信息融合的集成神经网络的故障诊断方法,并将其应用到航空发动机的故障诊断中。以某型航空发动机为例,采用振动信息和油液信息融合诊断的思路,研究了集成神经网络故障诊断法在该发动机轴承故障中的应用,并结合具体数据对此诊断方法进行了验证。诊断结果表明,与传统的单一信息源故障诊断方法相比,集成神经网络故障诊断法诊断效率更高,可检测故障模式更多,误诊率更低。     

振动加速度对城轨车辆齿轮箱轴承载荷影响的研究

以城轨车辆齿轮箱轴承为研究对象,对轴承的载荷工况进行分析,综合考虑车辆运行过程中转向架构架和轮对的振动加速度对轴承载荷的影响,提出了一种轴承载荷计算方法。用该方法对某城轨车辆齿轮箱轴承载荷进行计算,并与不考虑振动加速度时轴承载荷进行比较,结果表明构架振动加速度对齿轮箱轴承载荷影响不大,轮对振动加速度对齿轮箱轴承载荷影响明显。     

基于Transformer的智能轴承声-振融合故障诊断

针对单一信源(振动或声音)轴承故障诊断方法所蕴含信息不全面的问题，开展了具有多源传感器集成的智能轴承的声-振融合故障诊断研究，引入Transformer架构作为声-振融合诊断模型的基本模式以加强信号的时序特征提取能力，利用交叉自注意力机制使声音信号与振动信号在特征提取过程中交互与融合，从而实现端到端的智能轴承故障诊断。搭建智能轴承试验台采集声音与振动数据进行验证的结果表明，基于Transformer的智能轴承声-振融合故障诊断方法相对于单独使用声音、振动的方法以及基线Transformer方法，诊断性能均有提升。     

小波包和模糊熵特征融合的轴承故障诊断

进行轴承多种类型裂纹故障诊断时,为解决单一特征量诊断效率低的问题,提出了基于信号小波包分解的精细时频域分析和模糊熵的特征融合方法。首先对轴承振动信号进行小波包4层分解重构,确定小波包系数模糊熵和频带能量,精细提取振动信号的高低频故障信息特征;然后基于权重指标对模糊熵和频带能量进行融合,构造多种故障状态下轴承信号的特征向量;最后选择适合小样本分类的支持向量机对轴承裂纹故障进行诊断。试验数据处理结果表明,轴承不同裂纹故障状态下,融合特征的方法诊断效率更高,相较于单一特征量识别准确率提高5.0%以上,对10种裂纹故障诊断正确率达到98.0%。     

基于信息融合的机器人薄壁轴承故障智能诊断

为了实现轴承故障智能诊断,对基于信息融合的机器人薄壁轴承故障智能诊断方法进行研究。首先,采用声发射和振动传感器,搭建了机器人薄壁轴承试验与多信息数据采集系统;然后,以薄壁单列角接触球轴承ZR71820为对象,在轴承外圈、内圈和滚动体上分别制作点蚀、裂纹缺陷,用正交试验法采集不同缺陷类型、不同当量载荷及不同转速状态下薄壁轴承在试验过程中的声发射和振动信号;最后,选取时域中均方根值和峭度指数及频域中均方根频率作为振动、声发射信号的特征参数,分别进行了基于单一振动、声发射信号的薄壁轴承故障诊断,并采用SOM与BP神经网络将试验过程中的振动和声发射信号的特征信息进行融合,研究了基于信息融合的机器人薄壁轴承故障智能诊断技术。结果表明:基于振动信号故障诊断的正确率为85.7%;基于声发射信号故障诊断的正确率为81.0%;基于BP神经网络信息融合故障诊断的正确率为93.5%;基于SOM神经网络信息融合故障诊断的正确率为95.2%。基于SOM神经网络信息融合的薄壁轴承故障智能诊断比单用振动或声发射信号的诊断正确率分别高出9.5%和14.2%,比用BP神经网络信息融合故障诊断的正确率高1.7%。     

基于长大坡道的城市轨道交通车辆走行部轴承故障诊断研究

为了提高城市轨道交通车辆走行部轴承故障诊断的准确性和有效性,以贵阳地铁1号线车辆走行部轴承为研究对象,通过考虑长大坡道运行特点,建立走行部轴承全生命周期故障诊断体系,构建走行部轴承故障诊断试验平台.研究结果表明,长大坡道工况下走行部轴承故障诊断方法能较准确提取走行部轴承冲击样本、冲击趋势曲线;长大坡道工况下走行部轴承故...     

基于注意力机制胶囊神经网络的轴承故障诊断

为了解决在滚动轴承故障诊断中故障样本数量少、信噪比低导致的诊断精度低问题,提出一种基于注意力机制胶囊神经网络的轴承故障诊断方法。这一方法采用经验模态分解方法对信号进行分解,得到多个本征模函数。对分解的信号进行通道融合,结合卷积注意力模块,获取敏感特征参数。通过两层卷积层进行特征提取,传入胶囊层,进行诊断分析。为了检验这一轴承故障诊断方法的可行性和准确率,采用凯斯西储大学公开的轴承数据集进行对比试验。结果表明,基于注意力机制胶囊神经网络的轴承故障诊断方法在数据样本数量少、信噪比低的情况下,相比传统方法具有更高的准确率。     

变工况下基于信息融合的地铁牵引电机轴承故障智能诊断

针对传统滚动轴承故障诊断方法过于依赖先验知识和专家经验,以及单一信号对某些故障识别率偏低的问题,提出一种变工况下基于信息融合的地铁牵引电机轴承故障诊断方法.首先搭建滚动轴承试验与多信息采集系统;其次对地铁牵引电机轴承进行缺陷预制并采集轴承试验过程中的声发射和振动信号;然后用小波包分解对原始信号进行处理并提取特征,再用卷积神经网络对归一化后的特征信息进行融合;最后建立二维卷积神经网络模型,对不同工况下的地铁牵引电机轴承故障进行智能诊断.试验结果表明:变工况下基于信息融合的地铁牵引电机轴承故障智能诊断方法,可在载荷和转速变化的情况下准确识别轴承的故障类型,当神经网络训练集与测试集涵盖工况相同时,准确度可达100％.     

基于改进证据理论的齿轮泵故障诊断方法研究

针对多源传感器信息的不确定性,提出了一种基于改进证据理论的故障诊断方法.首先定义了证据向量的夹角余弦,提出了冲突证据判定法则,对证据进行冲突性判定;然后建立二级鲁棒融合策略,通过RBF神经网络进行特征层融合,经过训练产生初始证据,应用冲突证据判定法则找出冲突证据并利用相似度对其进行局部修正;最后对证据进行融合和诊断.通过齿轮泵振动试验,将此方法与神经网络、传统证据理论和其他代表性改进方法的诊断结果进行对比,验证了新方法和融合策略的有效性.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.