影像测量仪尺寸测量误差不确定度评定

该文运用GUM方法,建立测量模型,对影像测量仪尺寸测量误差进行测量不确定度评定,并分析其不确定度分量的各个来源,其中包括标准器引入的不确定度分量、环境因素引入的不确定度分量及测量重复性引入的不确定度分量。通过一系列计算,最终得到各校准点的测量结果不确定度,为广大测量人员提供不确定度分析参考依据;便于在实际测量中通过查表调用或带入公式计算直接得到不确定度,提高工作效率;为下一级测量引入一条不间断的测量链,保证量值的准确可靠。     

CMM形状测量任务的不确定度分析与评定

研究了坐标测量机(CMM)形状测量任务的不确定度评定问题,实现了CMM形状测量的不确定度快速、可靠地评定。给出了测量不确定度评定与表示指南(GUM)和蒙特卡洛随机抽样两种不确定度合成方法,平面度测量实验验证了不确定度评定方法的可行性,实验结果表明:GUM确定的不确定度精度意义不可靠,扩展不确定度相对于实际情况扩大了11.1%; 解决CMM形状测量任务的不确定度评定问题,具有较强的典型性和代表性,可有效地应用于解决其他精密仪器的不确定度评定问题。     

动态法测定石英杨氏模量的不确定度评定

按照分析测试中测量不确定度评定的方法,对利用弹性模量测试仪采用动态法测定石英杨氏模量时测量重复性、仪器准确度、样品质量测量、样品尺寸测量等引入的不确定度分量进行了评定,计算出石英杨氏模量的扩展不确定度。     

金属包装罐双酚S迁移量测量不确定度评定

目的为提高金属包装罐双酚S迁移量测定的实验过程管理和报告评估水平,建立双酚S迁移量测量的不确定度评定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测双酚S在体积分数为4%乙酸食品模拟物中的迁移量,结合JJF 1059.1—2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》规定的方法和步骤,建立不确定度评定的数学模型。根据测量模型,分析影响测量不确定度的主要输入量,对各不确定度分量的数值进行计算,对测量结果进行评估。结果实验中金属包装罐双酚S迁移量测量不确定度报告结果为(2.25±0.302)mg/g,k=2。结论不确定度评估分析表明,检测仪器分量、校准曲线拟合分量和标准溶液分量是最主要影响因素。     

基于频标比对法测量频率的不确定度评定方法

频率测量结果的不确定度是频率测量系统测量质量的重要指标,按照不确定的A类和B类分量的评定方法,本文分析了用频标比对法对高精度频率源进行测量时各种因素影响引入的不确定度,并提出了该方法测频的不确定度评定公式,同时又给出了频率源老化率指标的不确定度评定方法.实验表明,本文的不确定度分析方法是正确和有效的.     

顶空气相色谱外标法测定血液中乙醇含量的不确定度评定

目的:建立顶空气相色谱外标法测定血液中乙醇含量不确定度评定方法。方法:用顶空气相色谱法测量血液中乙醇含量,对过程中所涉及的各不确定度分量进行分析,评定测量值的不确定度。结果:血液中乙醇含量为1.95mg/m L,扩展不确定度为0.02 mg/m L。结论:各不确定度分量对评定结果影响轻微。     

高度卡尺测量不确定度的评定与表示

建立高度卡尺示值误差测量不确定度的测量模型,对高度卡尺测量过程中引入的不确定度进行分类和量化,较为全面地评定了各个不确定度分量,并得出测量结果的扩展不确定度。     

基于水中氰化物测量不确定度评定的检测质量管理

通过评定实验室检测的测量不确定度,建立以不确定度指标量化检测质量控制和质量管理效果的方法。以水中氰化物测量不确定度评定为例,采用GUM法和线性拟合法,评定其A类和B类不确定度,着重量化了标准溶液制备、校准曲线回归、检测过程等B类不确度分量,并采用电子表格的统计性能,建立起便于日常检测中快速评定不确定度的方法。实验结果表明,当水样中氰化物的质量浓度为0.125mg/L时,扩展不确定度为0.008mg/L,评定模型中比色管内氰化物的质量引入的不确定度分量最大。评定过程说明了影响实验室检测数据质量的主要因素是人员、仪器、环境、测量方法、取样和以标准物质为代表的试剂;按照RB/T 214-2017的要求对上述因素规范管理,结合本文建立的不确定度动态评定方法,能够保证检测实验室的数据质量。     

电能表基本误差测量不确定度直接用其分量方和根合成的论证

通过对电能表检定装置检定电能表基本误差,测量不确定度评定的二种方法的介绍,论证了电能表基本误差测量不确定度直接用基本误差测量重复性引入的标准不确定度分量,与电能表检定装置量传误差引入的标准不确定度分量的方和根合成是可以的,并给出了其理论根据。     

金属材料规定非比例延伸强度测量结果不确定度评定

讨论了目前对金属材料规定非比例延伸强度Rp0.2的不确定度评定的局限性,通过分析GB/T 228-2002中非比例延伸力值的确定过程,将引伸计标距引入的不确定度、引伸计测量引入的不确定度和基准线确定引入的不确定度三个不确定度分量统一到一个模型中,并合成为由引伸计引入的标准不确定度,从而解决了目前对引伸计引入的三个不确定度分量没有数学模型的问题,确定了新的Rp0.2不确定度评定方法,并运用到实例中进行了计算。     

坐标测量机面向任务的测量不确定度评定

基于产品几何技术规范,分析了坐标测量机面向任务的测量不确定度主要来源;重点讨论了量值特性指标测量复现性的定义与特点,并针对坐标测量机的测量任务,提出引起坐标测量复现性的主要因素,研究了进行复现性指标评价的实验方案,建立了复现性评定的数学模型;通过孔径测量实例分析,介绍了坐标测量机面向任务的测量不确定度评定方法。结果表明,孔径测量结果的合成标准不确定度为3.2 μm,其中测量复现性的不确定度分量高达2.5μm,在测量结果不确定度中所占比重最大。     

基于商用坐标测量机的3D微纳米计量

以测量精度为1μm的商用坐标测量机（CMM）为基础,构建了测量范围为25mm×40mm×25mm、测量不确定度约为O．15μm的PTB微纳米专用坐标测量机．研究了CMM的运动控制系统、恒温室的空调系统以及CMM的被动隔振系统等对测量结果的影响．由测量结果可以看出,CMM的运动控制系统产生的噪声水平约为其他误差源的2倍．通过FFT运算,发现未优化系统的短时最大漂移量发生频率为750Hz,对应为运动控制的工作频率．文中还介绍了测量力为1州光纤探针的测量原理,并给出了对2．5mm短轴的测量结果．     

The Difference Between GUM and ISO/TC 15530-3 Method to Evaluate the Measurement Uncertainty of Flatness by a CMM

Uncertainty estimation in coordinate measuring machine (CMM) measurements is one of the highest priority tasks in modern industrial world due to its importance in the manufacturing metrology, especially if we take into account the fact that workpieces, according to a new generation of geometrical product specifications, can be accepted/rejected only on the basis of the total measurement results. Evaluation of measurement uncertainty of a CMM is a complex task, especially in the verification of errors of forms. Among several standard methods that can be used to estimate measurement uncertainty, we performed a comparison between two of these for the case of flatness measurement. Optical flat was used in order to exclude a number of essential factors in the case study. The results showed that the expanded measurement uncertainty assessed by GUM is greater than the value of the expanded measurement uncertainty obtained using the ISO 15530 method. However, both methodologies have shown that the maximum permissible error of a CMM has the greatest impact on uncertainty and also, that the total result evaluated by both approaches is close to the maximum permissible error of a CMM.     

Test Specific Uncertainty Analysis of Zirconia-Dolerite Ball Plate by Monte Carlo Simulation

An improvised Zirconia-Dolerite ball plate artefact is manufactured, which computes different geometric errors of CMM in three different plane positions (XY, YZ and ZX). Uncertainty measurement of this artefact will affect calibration of CMM. CMM undergoing periodic interim checks by ball plate measurement needs to compute uncertainty analysis over a calibration period. This requires repetitive measurements of artefact, involving great measurement cost. An attempt has been made in this research work to devise Monte Carlo framework (MCF) for analyzing the uncertainty of ball plate measurement. The presented MCF requires less repetitive measurement at actual. This work also made possible to find preferable zones of measuring areas of CMM including volumetric measurement, explaining novelty of the research work. In the present test specific CMM, demonstrated MCF recommends seldom use of lower left corner of CMM.     

坐标测量机的溯源方法

由于坐标测量机的通用性,不同的测量任务有不同的测量不确定度,长度测量不确定度可以作为坐标测量机溯源的近似方法,但面向任务的校准则是最终的解决方案。文中还介绍了中国计量科学研究院提出的目前条件下的坐标测量机溯源方案。     

双目立体视觉中特征点三维坐标重构校准研究

双目立体视觉是一种商业化较成熟的三维测量技术,左右摄像机内外参数的精确标定是实现三维重构的基础和关键。针对棋盘格和圆点两种标定板图案研究了相应的图像处理技术,实现了标定点的亚像素精度定位及其有效排序。采用基于单映性约束和非线性优化的多视角平面标定算法实现了摄像机光学及空间位置参数求解。用极线约束残差法衡量标定结果的准确度。基于桥式三坐标标准实现标定点三维重构平面度以及多平面空间夹角测量结果的校准,基于光学三坐标标准实现了标定点三维重构空间距离的校准,并分析了校准结果的不确定度。圆标志点三维重构空间距离示值误差为0.029 mm,不确定度U=24 μm（k=2）     

Comprehensive design of experiments-based framework for optimal CMM inspection and uncertainty analysis of form tolerances

In the coordinate measuring machine (CMM) measurement environment, uncertainty can arise from various sources. Previous literature has focused on how to measure uncertainty in a CMM system using segregated approaches. We developed a framework to verify bias and variance tendencies deriving from form errors. Two types of form tolerances, namely flatness and circularity, are addressed here. By studying the nature of the CMM measurement uncertainty impact, this paper targets three objectives: (1) developing a design of experiments (DOE)-based measurement performance approach to integrate critical measurement strategy factors; (2) optimizing identified controllable measurement factors; and (3) synthesizing the impact of CMM uncertainty issues. Consequently, the paper fully explores the influence and interplay of these contributing factors, resulting in robust and optimal guidelines for the CMM flatness and circularity measurement strategy. Extensions of the framework for other form tolerances are discussed.     

基于坐标测量机的步距规激光校准系统

该文介绍坐标测量机与激光干涉仪对步距规进行校准的测量原理和测量过程,测量结果与DKD证书进行对比,并分析测量结果的不确定度。     

Estimation of measurement uncertainties using virtual fringe projection technique

One of the main tasks of the quality test is the inspection of all relevant geometric parts related to the predefined tolerance range, whereas the uncertainty of measurement has to be less than the tolerance range. The reachable uncertainty of measurement can be determined using method A of the ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM), which is expensive and time consuming and has to be carried out for each individual metrologic case. Furthermore, it is possible to check the suitability of the measurement system for the planned inspection using virtual measurement techniques and therewith to reduce the time and money spent. This means that the uncertainty of measurement is estimated using method B of the GUM. In this paper, a virtual fringe projection system is used for the estimation of the uncertainty of measurement, which is compared with the uncertainty of measurement determined with a real measurement system using method A of the GUM. With the presented method, it is possible to calculate an optimal measurement position within the measurement volume, based on a minimum uncertainty of measurement. Thereby, the influence of the operator related to the uncertainty can be significantly reduced.