共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 219 毫秒
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石墨空腔电离室由于对较高能量段有较好的能量响应,广泛应用于137Cs(有效能量为662keV)、60Co(有效能量为1250keV)以及平均能量为350keV的192Irγ射线空气比释动能的测量。运用EGSnrc程序模拟自制石墨空腔电离室在250~600kV窄谱辐射质下量值复现过程中的壁修正因子及物理常数。结果显示,石墨与空气的阻止本领比、空气与石墨的质能吸收系数之比、韧致辐射份额常数均与平均能量间有比较明显的关系可循,壁修正因子随着X射线能量的增加,则会有先变大后减小的趋势。蒙特卡洛模拟的结果为建立250~600kVX射线空气比释动能国家基准、实现量值复现提供了技术数据,达到了复现结果测量不确定度的预期要求。 相似文献
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在中国计量科学研究院(NIM)~(60)Coγ基准实验室,将~(60)Coγ辐射的空气比释动能及水吸收剂量基准值传递到国际原子能机构(IAEA)的FC65-G-2869电离室,给出了此电离室的~(60)Coγ辐射的空气比释动能和水吸收剂量的校准因子,并且比较了这2个物理量的校准因子与IAEA提供的相关结果的差异。实验结果表明,NIM给出的FC65-G-2869电离室的~(60)Coγ辐射的空气比释动能和水吸收剂量的校准因子相对IAEA提供的结果分别偏差0.5%和0.1%,比对结果达到了相关要求。为NIM参与国际计量局(BIPM)组织的正在进行中的一轮~(60)Coγ辐射的空气比释动能及水吸收剂量的关键比对作了前期准备。 相似文献
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针对后装治疗用192Ir放射源的参考空气比释动能率的量值急需进行溯源。参考国际通例,由指型电离室(PTW-30013)在60Co γ射线和250kV X射线下的空气比释动能校准因子推导得出192Ir γ射线的空气比释动能校准因子,从而测定192Ir放射源参考空气比释动能率标准值,进而完成对井型电离室的参考空气比释动能率校准。通过不确定度评定得出:192Ir放射源的参考空气比释动能率的不确定度为3.6%,井型电离室校准因子的不确定度为3.8%。 相似文献
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用照射量和空气比释动能校准的电离室进行剂量测量时,依据IAEA TRS 277报告,需要经历四级量值转换过程,不确定度也较大,但目前仍是国内使用的量值体系.我国正在建立60Co γ射线以及高能光子下的水吸收剂量基准装置并进行国际比对,之后将拥有水吸收剂量的量值复现的能力.在60Co γ射线参考辐射场和加速器高能X射线辐射场下,使用NE2571和NE2570/1A、PTW TW30013和PTW UNIDOS两套电离室剂量仪,分别按照277和398报告的要求计算并比较2种方法计算出的水吸收剂量值,从而验证了277报告和398报告的一致性. 相似文献
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防护水平电离室剂量计是辐射防护的主要计量器具,需要在窄谱参考辐射质下进行检定和校准。利用EGSnrc软件模拟了参考辐射质X射线能谱,分析得到的能谱分辨率和平均能量与ISO 4037-1推荐值的最大偏差分别为7.1%和1.04%,均满足规范要求。依托60~250kV X射线空气比释动能国家基准装置,在窄谱系列参考辐射质下完成了距离X光机1m处参考点的空气比释动能量值复现;然后通过替代法对两个传递电离室进行校准并完成量值传递;最后利用传递电离室复现的2.25m处的空气比释动能率对PTW-32002球形电离室进行校准,获得相应的校准因子,校准因子相对扩展不确定度为2.2%(k=2)。 相似文献
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环境辐射监测仪表作为微弱放射性监测计量器具,它的量值溯源是一个急需解决的问题。由于环境辐射剂量率低且电离信号微弱,故通常采用大体积电离室或者充压电离室进行测量。依托60~250kV X射线空气比释动能基准电离室,在完成重过滤窄谱X射线辐射质空气比释动能绝对测量的基础上,通过逐级替代法完成大体积环境辐射监测仪器的校准。测量结果不确定度为5.6%(k=2),实现环境水平X射线空气比释动能测量量值溯源,为国内环境辐射监测仪器在低剂量率水平的性能评价提供计量保障。 相似文献
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《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》2007,580(1):346-349
Values of physical parameters and correction factors essential for the absolute measurement of air kerma in 137Cs and 60Co γ-ray fields were obtained using an EGS5 program for spherical, cylindrical and pancake ionization chambers. The mean mass collision stopping power ratio for graphite and air, was found to vary depending on the cutoff energy of electrons employed in calculation. The ratio between the energies deposited in cavity air due to Compton electrons emitted from the air and those from the graphite wall increases as the chamber size is increased. It also increases as the γ-ray energy is reduced and is equal to 0.09 for 137Cs γ-rays in a spherical ionization chamber of cavity diameter 12 cm. Correction factors for γ-ray attenuation in chamber walls and those for the contribution of scattered γ-rays to chamber responses were obtained separately. The wall correction factor, which is equal to the product of these two factors, is close to unity for pancake chambers. 相似文献
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在250~600 kV X射线宽谱系列辐射质下,运用EGSnrc蒙特卡罗程序模拟计算3种不同结构石墨空腔电离室的壁修正因子.根据辐射质和光机参数使用BEAMnrc程序包模拟8组规范下辐射质的X射线注量谱,将模拟得到的相空间文件作为X射线源,运用EGSnrcMP程序包中的cavity程序代码模拟计算得到石墨空腔电离室的壁修正因子.模拟结果表明:对于相同体积的球型电离室,收集极长的电离室其壁修正因子更大;对于收集极长度相同电离室,球柱球型电离室比球型电离室的壁修正因子数值大.并且当X射线能量增加时,电离室的壁修正因子都有减小的趋势. 相似文献
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A prototype ionisation chamber for direct measurement of the personal dose equivalent, Hp(10), similar to the one developed by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesantalt (PTB), was designed and constructed by the Metrological Laboratory of Ionizing Radiation (LMRI) of Nuclear and Technological Institute (ITN). Tests already performed have shown that the behaviour of this chamber is very similar to the PTB chamber, mainly the energy dependence for the X-ray radiation qualities of the ISO 4037-1 narrow series N-30, N-40, N-60, N-80, N-100 and N-120 and also for gamma radiation of 137Cs and 60Co. However, the results obtained also show a dependence on the energy and angles of incident radiation and a low magnitude of the electrical response of the ionisation chamber. In order to optimise the performance of the chamber, the LMRI initiated numerical simulation of this ionisation chamber by Monte Carlo method using the MCNPX code. 相似文献
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To investigate the effect of γ-ray radiation on the microstructure of carbon fibers (CF) and graphite, the carbon fibers and graphite were irradiated by 60Co source at room temperature. X-ray diffraction results indicate that the interlayer spacing d002 of CF and graphite decreased after irradiation. The intensity of (002) peak in CF decreased while the peak of the (002) plane in graphite becomes sharper after irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy determines that γ-ray irradiation slightly improves the carbon content of CF surface layer. Compton scattering effect and heating caused by γ-ray are proposed to be responsible for the graphitization of CF and graphite. 相似文献
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Baumgartner A Steurer A Tiefenböck W Gabris F Maringer FJ Kapsch RP Stucki G 《Radiation protection dosimetry》2011,145(1):3-12
The graphite calorimeter of the Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying (BEV-Bundesamt für Eich- und Vermessungswesen) was established in the 1980s as the primary standard for the absorbed dose to water for (60)Co gamma ray beams. To maintain the primary standard at an international level the graphite calorimeter and its corresponding components had to undergo a refurbishment and modernisation process. The correction factors of the graphite calorimeter were re-evaluated with Monte Carlo and experimental methods to obtain improved values. These are the correction for the effect of the gaps (1.0061), the scaling correction (0.9998), the correction for the difference in air attenuation (0.9971) and the corrections for the effective measurement depths in the graphite phantom for the graphite calorimeter (0.9886) and the CC01-105 ionisation chamber (0.9913). Consequently, it was necessary to change the reference value for the absorbed dose rate to water of the (60)Co teletherapy unit used for the calibration of secondary standard dosemeters. 相似文献
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Joel G. Rogers 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》1985,234(2):382-387
A Monte Carlo computer simulation of γ-ray detection in NaI and BGO has been performed with a view toward designing a new type of camera for positron emission tomography (PET). The intrinsic spatial resolution of large continuous detectors employing the principle of the Anger camera has been obtained using a comprehensive computer code. Some results applicable to detectors based on discrete small crystals are discussed also. 相似文献
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