On the economics of cutting tools

The determination of the optimal cutting conditions for machine tools is a familiar problem in the engineering management literature. Two relatively recent papers have pointed out that the cost parameters included in models used to suggest cutting speeds and tool life have traditionally been mis-specified. In this paper we develop a generalized model of the situation, from which the approaches taken in the two previous papers and an earlier work are shown to emerge as special cases     

Ethics Instruction in Engineering Education: A (Mini) Meta‐Analysis

What are the objectives of engineering ethics? How is it being taught and how might instruction be more effective? The American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) annual conference proceedings (1996–1999) contain 42 papers that treat engineering ethics as a coherent educational objective. Some of these papers disclose small components that seem to be part of a larger ethics curriculum. Other papers discuss engineering courses that are clearly the department's major ethics commitment. While it would be inappropriate to assume that the 42 papers represent the only means by which engineering students receive ethics instruction, these papers do present a variety of more‐or‐less defensible approaches and certainly the major intentional approaches of engineering curricula. This paper will develop an analysis of the 42 articles, including a discussion of where ethics is being taught (from both a chronological, and disciplinary perspective), and the six pedagogical approaches used to transfer an understanding of ethics to the student. These approaches include professional codes, humanist readings, theoretical grounding, ethical heuristics, case studies, and service learning. These six approaches will also be analyzed in terms of their promise to develop the ethical competencies needed by engineers.     

Taking Stock: An Analysis of the Publishing Record as Represented by the Journal of Engineering Education

The Journal of Engineering Education emerged in the engineering education community in 1993 as a continuation of the American Society of Engineering Education's journal, Engineering Education. The Journal of Engineering Education was to play a role in the broadening of engineering education culture by helping to bring the scholarship of engineering education to the same level of respect and recognition in the faculty reward system as traditional scholarship in engineering sciences. In doing so, the journal hoped to keep pace with and encourage the significant changes in engineering education needed to prepare for the challenges of 21st century practice. This paper discusses the engineering education environment as reflected in six years of papers published in the Journal of Engineering Education from 1996 to 2001. Topics of papers are identified, along with changes and trends in these topics during the six‐year period. In addition, characteristics of particularly convincing papers are enumerated and discussed. This paper is offered as a summary and review of this six‐year body of work on engineering education and should aid the engineering education community in reflecting on the success of the Journal in promoting and encouraging the scholarship of teaching.     

Analysis of citation and co-citation in chemical engineering

This paper presents the results of the citation study in 24 leading journals on chemical engineering for 1987. The selective methodology or the analysis of co-citation limited only to this discipline is based on relatively low thresholds of citation and co-citation. The established research fronts refer mostly to basic research. The flow of information and knowledge to chemical engineering is determined to the extent of 70–90% by the works in this very field, as is indicated by the analysis of citations. The geography of research fronts was determined. The USSR has a very low fraction of frontal papers. This can be explained by the publication of papers in Russian and by a large number of secondary and applied research. This type of research is revealed by frequent citation of books and a small fraction of highly cited papers.     

工程图扫描图像中基于连通群的分类与识别算法

本文提出基于连通群的图像分割和分类的基础理论,给出了连通群的分类依据,并将其用于工程图纸的识别,对宇串的方向定位算法作了描述。文中关于连通群的理论分析为解决工程图中字符、数字和图形的正确分割、分类及排除噪声的干扰提供了依据,连通群的迭代算法可准确定位字符串的方向。本研究针对建筑结构图的识别作了试验性研究,矢量化与识别精度较高。     

Clean technologies: design aspects

This special issue is dedicated to the 11th Conference Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction—PRES 2008. Eleven papers have been selected and peer-reviewed covering important subjects of clean technologies and environmental policy. These papers were selected to focus on recent development of various features of design aspects: process design and analysis; energy from biomass, emission and environmental analysis. This issue of heat transfer engineering is the third special journal issue dedicated to selected papers from PRES conferences.     

The lengthening of papers’ life expectancy: a diachronous analysis

The aging of scientific has generally been studied using synchronous approaches, i.e., based on references made by papers. This paper uses a diachronous model based on citations received by papers to study the changes in the life expectancy of three corpus of papers: papers from G6 and BRICS countries, papers published in Science, Nature, Physical Review and the Lancet and all papers divided into four broad fields: medical sciences, natural sciences and engineering, social sciences and arts and humanities. It shows that that: (i) life expectancy is extensively different from a corpus to another and may be either finite or infinite, meaning that the corpus would never be obsolete from a mathematical perspective; (ii) life expectancy for scientific literature has lengthened over the 1980–2000 period; (iii) life expectancy of developed countries’ (G6) literature is on average shorter than that of emerging countries (BRICS).     

Infrared photonic science and technology feature: introduction

The IR is an active specialty within the broad scope of optical sciences and engineering. In Applied Optics papers are published dealing with such diverse topics as basic concepts in IR technology, including emissivity, and the theory of IR detection mechanisms as well as the development of novel instruments used for IR applications. In this feature four papers are presented dealing with recent developments in the IR.     

Citation patterns of Korean physicists and mechanical engineers: Differences by type of publication source and type of authorship

By comparing the citation patterns of Korean researchers in physics and mechanical engineering, this study identifies the extent to which type of publication source (Korean non-SCI, Korean SCI, and international SCI) and type of authorship (purely Korean authors, Korean-foreign co-authors, and foreign-Korean co-authors) influence the choice of sources cited by Korean scientists. Koreans publishing physics or mechanical engineering papers in international SCI journals are more likely to cite articles published in journals of the science mainstream countries (the U.S., the U.K., the Netherlands, and Germany) than articles published in national journals, while Koreans publishing in Korean journals tend to cite articles published in national journals. In terms of authorship, articles published in mainstream journals are more highly cited by internationally co-authored papers than Korean-authored papers in both disciplines. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

工程造价管理中所存在的问题及改革工作探讨

本文分析了当前工程造价管理中存在的主要问题,并对如何深化工程造价管理改革进行探讨。     

Growing trend of China’s contribution to tissue engineering

This study examines China’s performance on tissue engineering using scientometrics measures such as China’s global publication share, rank, growth rate and citation impact, its publications in various sub-fields, top journals in terms of national share based on last 5 years (2008–2012) publications data obtained from ISI Science citation index expanded database. We have also determined Chinese share with international collaborative papers at the national level, as well as h-core papers and high-cited papers, etc.     

Performance engineering - editorial

Imperial College London was host to the 24th Annual UK Performance Engineering Workshop in July 2008. UKPEW is an enjoyable workshop that brings together researchers in the performance engineering community to discuss quantitative aspects of, for instance, Grid computing, web and e-commerce, performance modelling techniques, power management and wireless network performance. In 2008, we had 29 papers presented over the two days of the workshop and this IET Software Special Issue represents significantly extended versions of the best selected papers from that workshop.     

The funding factor: a cross-disciplinary examination of the association between research funding and citation impact

This paper intends to illuminate the relationship between science funding and citation impact in seven STEMM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine). Using a regression model with Heckman bias correction, we find that funding has a positive, significant association with a paper’s citations in STEMM fields. Further analyses show that this association is magnified by the factors of multiple authorship and multiple institutions. For funded papers in STEM, multi-author and multi-institution papers tend to receive even more citations than single-authored and single-institution papers; however, funded papers in Medicine received less gain in citation impact when either factor is considered. Based on the finding that funding support has a stronger association with citation impact when it is treated as a binary variable than as a count variable, this paper recommends the allocation of funding to researchers without active funding support, instead of giving awards to those with multiple funding supports at hand.     

25th Anniversary Article: Key Points for High‐Mobility Organic Field‐Effect Transistors

Remarkable progress has been made in developing high performance organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) and the mobility of OFETs has been approaching the values of polycrystalline silicon, meeting the requirements of various electronic applications from electronic papers to integrated circuits. In this review, the key points for development of high mobility OFETs are highlighted from aspects of molecular engineering, process engineering and interface engineering. The importance of other factors, such as impurities and testing conditions is also addressed. Finally, the current challenges in this field for practical applications of OFETs are further discussed.     

On the shoulders of students? The contribution of PhD students to the advancement of knowledge

Using the participation in peer reviewed publications of all doctoral students in Quebec over the 2000–2007 period, this paper provides the first large scale analysis of their research effort. It shows that PhD students contribute to about a third of the publication output of the province, with doctoral students in the natural and medical sciences being present in a higher proportion of papers published than their colleagues of the social sciences and humanities. Collaboration is an important component of this socialization: disciplines in which student collaboration is higher are also those in which doctoral students are the most involved in peer-reviewed publications. In terms of scientific impact, papers co-signed by doctorate students obtain significantly lower citation rates than other Quebec papers, except in natural sciences and engineering. Finally, this paper shows that involving doctoral students in publications is positively linked with degree completion and ulterior career in research.     

图像工程及在中国的研究状况和文献分布

文章对图像工程这一新学科的定义和内容作了介绍,对图像工程的理论和图像技术的应用给出了详细的分类。本文在此基础上就近五年我国图像工程有关重要文献作了统计和分析,概括了图像工程在我国的发展现状、研究趋势和应用范围,对从事图像工程研究和图像技术应用的人员提供信息和参考。     

A bibliography of the literature on process capability indices: 2000–2009

This paper contains a bibliography of approximately 530 journal papers and books on process capability indices for the period 2000–2009. The related literature is classified into four major categories, namely, books, review/overview papers, theory‐ and method‐related papers, and special applications. Theory‐ and method‐related papers are further classified into univariate and multivariate cases, and special applications include acceptance sampling plans, supplier selection, and tolerance design and other optimizations. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Engineering Education: Innovation Through Integration

The several reports and papers of the past decade suggesting paradigm shifts in engineering education are shown to reveal a common theme, to wit: engineering is an integrative process and thus engineering education, particularly at the baccalaureate level, should be designed toward that end. Suggesting a change in intellectual culture, the roots of contemporary collegiate education in the United States are traced to their origin and attention is given to discussing the current emphasis on reductionism vis-à-vis integration or, said another way, a course-focused education compared to a more holistic approach in which process and knowledge are woven throughout the curriculum. A new construct for systemic change in baccalaureate engineering education is suggested in terms of a taxonomy of intellectual components connected holistically with a core focus on developing human potential, as opposed to the present system in which students are passed serially through course filters.     

COMPUTATIONAL ASPECTS OF GEOMETRIC PROGRAMMING 1.INTRODUCTION AND BASIC NOTATION

This paper briefly summarizes the history of geometric programming and shows that efficient computational algorithms are necessary if GP is to retain its place as a major tool for optimal engineering design. Basic notation is established for use by the authors of the succeeding papers in this issue of the journal which is wholly devoted to the algorithmic and computational aspects of geometric programming.