发泡剂类型对聚乙烯醇发泡行为的影响

采用挤出发泡法制备了不同聚乙烯醇（PVA）发泡材料,利用差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪、扫描电子显微镜等研究了放热型、吸热型、热平衡型及反应型发泡剂对PVA发泡行为及性能的影响。结果表明,加入不同发泡剂提高了PVA的结晶度及起始结晶温度,但基体的热稳定性却有不同程度的降低,吸热型发泡剂对PVA基体热稳定性影响较低,反应型发泡剂制备的PVA发泡体系热稳定性最差;反应型发泡剂制备的PVA发泡体系泡孔均匀,密度远远低于其他发泡体系,但力学性能较差。     

发泡聚乳酸流变性能及泡孔结构的研究

采用偶氮二甲酰胺（AC）做为发泡剂，直接通过挤出过程制备聚乳酸（PLA）泡沫塑料，通过显微镜照片、HAKKE流变仪观察和研究了工艺条件对其泡孔结构的影响。结果表明，发泡剂与成核剂的增加能降低发泡PLA的表观密度，增加其泡孔密度。流变试验表明纯PLA与发泡PLA熔体在低剪切速率下都呈现剪切变稀现象，发泡后PLA熔体的黏度会下降10％～30％。发泡剂含量在4％以下时，泡孔直径随发泡剂含量增加而减小；发泡剂含量增加到5％及以上时，PLA熔体强度过小，泡孔会过于密集而导致塌陷和串泡。成核剂的加入能够明显降低PLA熔体强度，异相成核使得泡孔直径较均相成核大，但前者泡孔密度较后者小。     

改性聚乙烯醇体系熔体的流变性能

采用HAAKE RHEOCORD－90挤出式毛细管流变仪测定了改性PVA体系的流变性能。结果表明，改性PVA熔体是对剪切速率敏感的假塑性流体，非牛顿指数n较小，熔体偏离牛顿流体的程度较大。在相同温度及剪切速率下，随水含量增加，改性PVA体系的表观粘度下降。改性PVA体系的粘流活化能随剪切速率提高和水含量减少而降低，即温度敏感性降低。     

PS/PETG共混物的流变性能和发泡行为研究

采用密炼机制备了聚苯乙烯(PS)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯1,4环己二甲醇酯(PETG)共混物;以超临界二氧化碳(CO2)为物理发泡剂,采用釜压法制备了PS和PS/PETG共混物发泡试样。通过旋转流变仪、扫描电子显微镜对PS和PS/PETG共混物的流变性能和泡沫的泡孔形态进行了表征。结果表明,加入PETG没有对PS的流变性能产生明显的影响,但对PS泡沫的泡孔形态影响显著,加入10 %的PETG时,其平均泡孔直径由纯PS的2268 μm降至758 μm,泡孔密度由345×108个/cm3提高到447×109个/cm3,泡孔尺寸分布明显变窄,说明PETG在PS中起到明显的气泡成核作用。     

聚乳酸/塑化聚乙烯醇合金开孔发泡行为研究

以聚乳酸(PLA)为基体,加入不同含量的塑化聚乙烯醇(CPVA),通过熔融共混法制备PLA/CPVA合金样品。以超临界CO₂为物理发泡剂,采用釜压发泡和粒子沥滤法成功制备出PLA/CPVA合金开孔泡沫。结果表明,随着CPVA含量的增加,PLA的结晶温度下降,结晶度先上升后下降,熔体黏弹性改善;随着CPVA含量的上升,PLA/CPVA合金开孔泡沫的发泡倍率先减小后逐渐增大,开孔率逐步提高;当CPVA含量为50%(质量分数,下同)时,PLA/CPVA合金开孔泡沫的发泡倍率为23.1倍,开孔率达到了91.6%。     

角蛋白／聚乙烯醇纺丝溶液流变性能的研究

采用角蛋白溶液与聚乙烯醇溶液共混制备纺丝溶液,探讨了角蛋白含量、温度、溶液浓度对纺丝溶液流变性能的影响。结果表明,不同角蛋白含量的角蛋白／聚乙烯醇纺丝溶液均为切力变稀流体;增加角蛋白含量、升高温度都有利于改善纺丝溶液的流变性和可纺性。纺丝溶液温度不超过70℃,溶液浓度不超过15％时,其流变性能较好。     

废纸浆/HDPE复合发泡材料的流变行为及发泡形态

将废旧瓦楞纸板粉碎制浆,与HDPE（高密度聚乙烯）通过模压成型制备了废纸浆/HDPE发泡复合材料。利用英国Rosand双料筒毛细管流变仪,在线研究了发泡剂AC含量、废纸浆含量、温度以及吸热、放热和平衡发泡剂对废纸浆/HDPE复合发泡材料的流变行为的影响,并在SEM下观察了不同AC含量和废纸浆含量对发泡形态的影响。结果表明：废纸浆/HDPE复合发泡材料熔体表现为假塑性流动特征,当剪切速率达到600 s^-1时,出现管壁滑移现象。发泡剂AC能明显降低熔体黏度,随着AC含量的增加,熔体黏度下降。随着废纸浆含量的增加,熔体黏度增加。当剪切速率小于275 s^-1时,随着温度的升高,熔体黏度降     

线形聚丙烯/低密度聚乙烯共混体系的流变行为和发泡行为

通过熔体流动速率测试仪和转矩流变仪对不同比例线形聚丙烯(PP)/低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共混发泡体系的流变行为进行研究.随后将纯PP和配比为100/20的PP/LDPE共混体系进行超临界CO<,2>,的挤出发泡试验,并通过真密度计/开闭孔率测定仪和扫描电子显微镜对两种样品的发泡密度、发泡倍率和泡孔形态进行测试.研究结果表明:加入LDPE后可以明显提高PP的储能模量并降低损耗因子,从而有效地提高其可发性,发泡材料的泡孔密度和发泡倍率得以显著提高.     

PMMA的微孔发泡工艺研究

文章对超临界CO2/PMMA体系进行了静压条件下的发泡成型工艺研究.重点考察了升温法和降压法对PMMA发泡性能和泡孔结构的影响.试验结果表明升温法和降压法对聚合物的发泡性能有不同的影响.当表观密度相同时,升温法得到的平均泡孔直径小,泡孔密度大,但泡孔直径分布不均匀,降压法得到的泡孔直径大、泡孔密度低,但直径分布相对均匀.     

卤化聚乙烯醇的研究

通过将聚乙烯醇（PVA）直接卤化取代,筛选出Cl,Br等卤化剂,催化剂,并优选出合适的体系,使其既保持PVA的高阻氧性,又能保证加工性时的热稳定性。     

Effects of the tacticities of poly(vinyl alcohol) on the structure and morphology of poly(vinyl alcohol) nanowebs prepared by electrospinning

The effects of tacticities on the characteristics of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanowebs prepared by an electrospinning technique were investigated. PVA webs composed of uniform nanofibers with syndiotactic dyad (s‐dyad) contents of 53.5 and 57.3% were successfully obtained with electrospinning. By changing processing parameters such as the initial polymer concentration, applied voltage, and tip‐to‐collector distance, we found suitable conditions for forming PVA webs with uniform nanofibers. PVAs of higher s‐dyad contents were prepared at a lower solution concentration and at a higher applied voltage because of the easy formation of syndiotactic PVA chain entanglements at a very low polymer concentration. The average diameter of the nanofibers in a PVA web with the higher s‐dyad content of 57.3% (ca. 240 nm) was thinner than that of the nanofibers in a PVA web with the lowers‐dyad content of 53.5% (ca. 270 nm). In addition, the crystallinity and thermal stability were greatly increased with an increase in the s‐dyad content. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

乙酰乙酰化聚乙烯醇的合成

通过酯交换反应将乙酰乙酰基引入聚乙烯醇(PVA),并采用红外光谱对产物进行了表征。重点讨论了反应温度、反应时间、乙酰乙酸酯用量等因素对酯交换反应的影响。试验发现:随乙酰乙酸酯用量的增加,乙酰乙酰化程度逐渐增大;随反应温度的升高,乙酰乙酰化程度先逐渐提高,后趋于稳定;随反应时间的延长,乙酰乙酰化程度提高,2.5h后趋于平衡。     

The influence of poly(vinyl alcohol) suspending agents on suspension poly(vinyl chloride) morphology

The requirements for PVC suspension resin have changed considerably in the last few years, so much so that few companies have products on their ranges that are more than 4 or 5 years old. The suspending agent has a crucial influence on the morphology of the resin, so the changes in resin characteristics have largely been achieved by changes in the suspending agent systems. After a brief review of the mechanism of PVC suspension polymerisation, the properties of polymers made using PVOH suspending agents are related to changes in the latter. The effect of variations in PVAc degree of hydrolysis and viscosity are related to changes in surface tension. Methods of achieving higher porosity by using low hydrolysis co-suspending agents are described. It is shown that higher bulk densities can be achieved by delayed addition of the PVOH. Levels of conjugated unsaturation and copolymer distributions are also shown to have important influences.     

Poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl amine) blend membranes for isopropanol dehydration

Blended membranes of hydrophilic polymers poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(vinyl amine) (PVAm) were prepared and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The prepared membranes were characterized using infrared (attenuated total reflection mode) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffractometry, and scanning electron microscopy measurements. Pervaporation performances of the membranes were evaluated for the separation of water‐isopropanol (IPA) mixtures. As the PVAm content increased from PVAm0 to PVAm1.5, the flux through a 70 μm film increased from 0.023 to 0.10 kg/m² h at an IPA/water feed ratio of 85/15 at 30 °C. The driving force for permeation of water increased due to the temperature but it has no effect on IPA permeation. Activation energies for the permeation of IPA and water were calculated to be 17.11 and 12.46 kJ/mol, respectively. Controlling the thickness of the blend membrane could improve the permeation flux with only a marginal reduction in the separation factor. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45572.     

聚乙烯醇薄膜的共混改性

从聚合物结构方面分析了聚乙烯醇（PVA）薄膜的水溶性,提出用共混改性方法提高PVA薄膜的溶解性能。研究了聚丙烯酸不同中和度,不同共混组分组成对薄膜水溶性和力学性能的影响,并利用差示扫描量热法（DSC）、傅立叶红外光谱（FTIR）、广角X射线衍射（WXRD）等手段对共混改性机理进行了分析。     

肝素化聚乙烯醇性能研究

用聚乙烯醇(PVA)缩醛化方法,共价键结合肝素。用Schiff试剂染色法、红外光谱分析、X射线光电子能谱法(ESCA)、元素分析等测试方法证明醛基和肝素的存在。力学性能测定表明,肝素化聚乙烯醇的拉伸强度达到12 25MPa,断裂伸长率为400%。生物学指标说明,在全血凝固时间实验(CT)中,肝素化聚乙烯醇的抗凝时间达3h,在活性部分凝血时间实验(APTT)中,缩醛化聚乙烯醇共价键结合肝素非常牢固,没有肝素脱落到血液中,证明肝素化聚乙烯醇具有显著的抗凝血性。     

Poly(vinyl alcohol) modified with carboxylic acid anhydrides: crosslinking through carboxylic groups

The reaction of carboxylic acid anhydride with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) leads to vinyl alcohol—vinyl ester copolymers which contain carboxylic acid groups. Esterification enables degrees of modification to be reached which depend on the chemical structure of the anhydride introduced and the ratio of the reagents in the feed. The copolymers obtained were characterized by spectroscopic techniques, elemental analysis, and thermal methods. These half-esters reacted in a second step with aromatic diglycidyl ethers to obtain tridimensional networks. This crosslinking reaction through the carboxylic groups was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The water absorption of the linear and crosslinked polymers was determined gravimetrically as a function of time at room temperature. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:1643–1651, 1997     

Influences of individual and composed poly(vinyl alcohol) suspending agents on particle morphology of suspension poly(vinyl chloride) resin

Effects of individual and composed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) suspending agents on the particle morphology of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) resins were investigated and discussed in the view of PVA absorption at the oil/water interface and interfacial behavior. It was shown that the percentage and surface coverage of PVA at the oil/water interface decreased with the increase of the degree of hydrolysis (DH) of PVA in the DH range of 70–98 mol %, while the interfacial tension of VC/PVA aqueous solution increased linearly with the increase of DH of PVA. PVC resin with more regular particle shape, increased agglomeration and fusion of primary particles, lower porosity and higher bulk density, was prepared by using PVA with a higher DH as a suspending agent. This was caused by the occurrence of drop coalescence at the very early stage of VC polymerization, the increase of particle shrinkage, and the lower colloidal protection to primary particles. It was also shown that the interfacial tension of VC/water in the presence of composed PVA suspending agents varied linearly with the weight composition of the composed PVA suspending agents. The particle properties of PVC resin prepared by using the composed PVC suspending agents were usually situated in between the properties of PVC resins prepared by using the corresponding individual PVA suspending agent. The particle morphology and properties of PVC resin could be controlled by the suitable choice of the composed PVA suspending agents. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3848–3855, 2003     

聚乙烯醇改性及降解研究进展

从材料学的改性技术和环境学的相容性两个角度综述了国内外聚乙烯醇生物降解的研究概况。通过聚乙烯醇溶液及薄膜的降解过程的介绍,指出化学改性和微生物降解的结合将是今后处理含聚乙烯醇类废水和固体废弃物的主要方法。