"Amazing new discovery: Piaget was wrong": Response.

Responds to the critiques by H. Markovits (see record 1994-05074-001) and L. S. Siegel (see record 1994-05095-001) of the authors' original article (see record 1994-05070-001) suggesting that children's failure on one of Piaget's best known tasks, conservation of solid quantity, reflexts ignorance of physical properties rather than inadequate reasoning ability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

To be (objective) or not to be.

Comments that the power and the danger of E. E. Sampson's (see record 1994-17460-001) argument on identity politics are suggested by research on the psychology of women and the work done by R. K. White (1966) and by R. R. Holt and B. Silverstein (see record 1990-01052-001) on enemy images. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

'The structure of phenotypic personality traits": Author's reactions to the six comments.

L. R. Goldberg replies to the comments by R. O. Kroger and L. A. Wood (see record 1994-17497-001), S. Guastello (see record 1994-17488-001), D. R. Comer (see record 1994-17481-001), H. J. Eysenck (see record 1994-17486-001), W. D. Shadel and D. Cervone (see record 1994-17520-001), and H. E. Cattell (see record 1994-17479-001) on Goldberg's (PA, Vol 80:17546) article on the Big Five personality traits. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"A bit more light on Ferenczi and Freud": Response to Tabin.

Comments on the response by J. K. Tabin (see record 1995-43797-001) to the critique by L. Aron and J. B. Frankel (see record 1994-41100-001) of her article on Freud's motivation for rethinking his seduction theory (see record 1994-05584-001). Freud's priority in citing the relationship between splitting of the ego and childhood sexual trauma and his treatment of Ferenczi are highlighted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Expectancy": Sleight-of-hand mentalism, not mechanism or process.

Replies to comments by J. W. Fagen (see record 1994-08950-001) on the article by J. L. Gewirtz and M. Peláez-Nogueras (see record 1993-12989-001), which concerned reinforcement as a central principle of behavior change in infants. Gewirtz and Peláez-Nogueras state that they did not claim that all behavior is learned through operant reinforcement contingencies. Further, they question the necessity of moving beyond basic reinforcement and derivative principles to the realm of intrapsychic concepts such as the "violation of contingency expectancy" to explain behavior changes resulting from operant learning procedures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Promoting father involvement: An analysis and critique: Comment on Silverstein (1993).

In analyzing the forces that undermine greater fathering involvement in American society, L. B. Silverstein (see record 1994-17264-001) critiques the views of R. Trivers (1972), J. Belsky, L. Steinberg, and P. Draper (1991), and many sociobiological thinkers regarding the determinants of parenting. Despite the shared view regarding the value of promoting greater father involvement, there are several problems with Silverstein's analysis: (1) casting conservatives as extremists who deny the role of environment in shaping fathering; (2) omitting from the analysis of sociobiology the core notion that organisms adjust their behavior in response to environmental forces in the service of biological, that is, reproductive-fitness, goals; and (3) characterizing the Belsky et al theory of socialization as one that minimizes the role of the environment and implies that intervention efforts to foster father involvement are ineffective for biological and developmental reasons. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Expert performance: Its structure and acquisition": Reply.

Replies to H. Gardner's (see record 1996-10360-001) comments on K. A. Ericsson and N. Charness's (see record 1994-43905-001) review of the structure and acquisition of expert performance. In contrast to Gardner, they attribute differences to the individuals' history of relevant activities that differentially benefit the acquisition of associated skills. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reply to comments on the child-care debate.

Responds to comments by W. B. Johnson and D. Hayes (see record 1993-41125-001), J. E. Maddux (see record 1993-41129-001), K. McCarthey et al (see record 1993-41130-001), the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child Care Network (see record 1993-41132-001), and N. Shpancer (see record 1993-41138-001) on L. B. Silverstein's (see record 1992-05293-001) original article on child care and maternal employment, noting that the comments go a long way toward expanding the child-care debate, if not transforming it. Silverstein focuses on the role of psychology in policymaking and the responsibility of government in the lives of individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Were children randomly assigned in the Perry Preschool Project"? Reply.

Replies to comments by H. H. Spitz (see record 1994-03935-001), noting that the High/Scope Perry Preschool study (E. Zigler; see record 1992-45307-001) did use randomizing techniques at several steps in the assignment of study participants to groups. The pairs of Ss were randomly assigned to 2 groups, matched on SES and sex ratio, and assigned to preschool and no-preschool conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reconstructing fathers.

Comments on the L. B. Silverstein and C. F. Auerbach (see record 1999-05337-001) examination of the essentialist perspective on fathering, family structure, and child development. The author advocates J. Westman's (1994) proposal for parental licensure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The "difference of means" may not be the "effect size".

Comments on J. Cohen's (see record 1995-12080-001) article with the purpose of restraining enthusiasm for the report of effect size in the form of a confidence interval for the differences of means, rather than the null hypothesis significance testing declaration that the effect size is not zero. Three examples are given in which measurement of effect sizes in the scale of the dependent variable tells researchers little that they need to know. It is suggested that better information might be obtained from effect sizes measured using the d statistic. (N. Cliff; see record 1994-08169-001). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Anomaly or artifact? Comments on Bem and Honorton": Response to Hyman.

R. Hyman (see record 1994-20289-001) raises 2 major points about D. J. Bem and C. Honorton's article (see record 1994-20287-001) on the psi ganzfeld experiments. First, the claim is challenged that the results of the autoganzfeld experiments are consistent with the earlier database. Second, concerns are expressed about the adequacy of the randomization procedures. In response to the 1st point, it is argued that the claims about the consistency of the autoganzfeld results with the earlier database are quite modest and challenge the counterclaim that the results are inconsistent with it. In response to Hyman's methodological point, Bem presents new analyses that could allay apprehensions about the adequacy of the randomization procedures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Paternity uncertainty and the complex repertoire of human mating strategies.

Replies to comments by P. S. Derry and L. B. Silverstein (see PA, Vols 26373 and 26388, respectively) regarding the comment by D. M. Buss (see record 1995-21138-001) on A. H. Eagly's (see record 1995-21141-001) discussion comparing the sexes in scientific research. The author agrees that Derry and Silverstein raised some important issues and showed overlap with some of his conclusions. However, the author states that the 2 commentaries show a lack of attention to the available scientific evidence (behavioral, physiological, and psychological clues) about sex differences and some conceptual problems concerning sexual strategies and dichotomies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Drugs for treating behavior problems: How safe are they?": Comment.

Responds to J. Rubin's (see record 1990-31492-001) comments on discussions of treatments for behavior problems of children by J. M. Tuma (see record 1989-27149-001) and B. Henker and C. K. Whalen (see record 1989-26516-001). The articles were amiss in not emphasizing the potential side effects of pharmacotherapies for children, but Rubin overemphasized the dangers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Women's role in psychotherapy": Reply to Solomon, Penzer, and Barber.

Suggests that I. Solomon et al (see record 1984-29323-001) were unaware, in their comment on the work of R. T. Hare-Mustin (see record 1984-07313-001), that others also consider Freud's treatment of Dora as lacking in trust and respect. It is suggested that Hare-Mustin was not confusing family treatment with psychoanalysis but was pointing out Freud's bias in the case. It is concluded that if Solomon and colleagues felt that they had to defend Freud against all criticism, they undervalued Freud's genius. (6 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Symposium: Three perspectives on Paul Dewald's The psychoanalytic process: A case illustration": Author's discussion.

Responds to the critiques by H. K. Golden (see record 1993-10605-001), J. Newirth (see record 1993-10620-001), and I. Hirsch (see record 1993-10607-001) concerning P. A. Dewald's (1972) patient analysis. Dewald confirms the influence of the analyst's theory and technique on the flow of the analysis and on the analyst's subsequent interpretation of the analysis and recognizes the multiplicity of approaches to analysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"In the beginning was the 'name' ": Reply to Bernstein and Kent.

Replies to the comments by E. Bernstein (see record 1987-21438-001) and T. C. Kent (see record 1987-21468-001) concerning the present author's (see record 1986-11457-001) ideas about the development of naming behavior in children and apes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Social science, social policy, and scientific research.

Comments that, in the article on child care and maternal employment, L. B. Silverstein (see record 1992-05293-001) forgot the important distinction between social science and social policy. Silverstein talked about social reform and public/government policy as if they were synonymous. Psychological research can suggest strategies for changing social norms but cannot suggest which social norms should be changed or prove that government should be involved in changing them. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Postmodern psychology: Resonance and reflection.

K. J. Gergen comments on the reactions to his exchange (see record 1994-37275-001) with M. B. Smith (see record 1994-37277-001) from R. L. Russell and M. D. Gaubatz (see record 1995-36714-001); B. Denner (see record 1995-36711-001); D. Mente (see record 1995-36713-001); and D. White and A. Wang (see record 1995-36716-001). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Misrepresentation of pornography research: Psychology's role": Comment.

S. Page (see record 1989-29305-001), in his critique of D. G. Linz et al (see record 1988-04285-001), argues that violence has increased in pornography in recent years. The present author cites 2 longitudinal studies of pornography that find no increase in violence in homosexual or heterosexual pornography. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)