预包装食品中金黄色葡萄球菌3种鉴定方法的比较

目的 比较国家标准方法(GB 4789.10-2016)、VITEK2 Compact全自动微生物鉴定系统、基质辅助激光解吸电离-飞行时间质谱法对预包装食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的鉴定效果。方法 使用金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC 25923)人工污染12种不同种类的预包装食品,按照GB4789.10-2016进行样品前处理和增菌,通过上述三种方法对上述样品中分离的疑似金黄色葡萄球菌进行鉴定,并对鉴定结果进行比较。结果 三种方法均能够对12种不同种类的人工污染预包装食品中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌进行准确有效的鉴定。相对于国标法,两种仪器鉴定方法无需进行后续溶血分析和血浆凝固酶试验,对操作人员技术要求更低,能够在更短的时间内获得鉴定结果。结论 两种仪器鉴定方法快速、可靠且操作简单,可以作为国标法的有效补充。     

肉类食品中肠炎沙门氏菌快速检验即用型质控样品研制

针对肉类食品中肠炎沙门氏菌的检测,研制出基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS）即用型质控样品,通过培养计数和MALDITOF-MS检测及统计分析的方式验证质控样品的均匀性和稳定性。结果表明：研制的肠炎沙门氏菌质控样品为白色小球,均匀性验证实验中,质控样品培养计数结果F=0.75,小于临界值,表明均匀性一致;运输稳定性实验表明,质控样品在37、25℃环境下活菌数量稳定,生长良好;贮藏稳定性实验表明,质控样品在-20℃条件下贮藏28 d的复苏率为90.6%,在4℃条件下贮藏28 d的复苏率为89.0%,说明样品性质稳定,能够长期稳定保存;对每次MALDI-TOF-MS检测结果进行分析同样表明检测结果稳定。综上所述,本研究研制出的肠炎沙门氏菌快速检验即用型质控样品均匀性和稳定性良好,可作为阳性质控样品用于肠炎沙门氏菌检测和质量控制。     

鸡排中一株凝固酶异常的金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定

目的分离鉴定鸡排中一株凝固酶异常的金黄色葡萄球菌。方法采用国标法检测金黄色葡萄球菌,血浆凝固酶试验时间延长至24 h,同时用生化鉴定法和BAX System Q7快速检测法进行互相验证。结果国标法凝固酶试验6 h不凝固, 12 h出现部分凝固, 24 h完全凝固,生化鉴定法和BAX System Q7快速检测法结果都是检出金黄色葡萄球菌。结论在食品中金黄色葡萄球菌检验过程中,对于凝固酶试验异常的情况,应延长试验时间并用其他方法加以验证。     

食品中一株凝固酶异常的金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定

目的 对餐饮环节采集的一份鸡排进行金黄色葡萄球菌检验时,发现一株血浆凝固酶试验异常的金黄色葡萄球菌,并对其分离、鉴定、分析和总结,避免因不典型菌株的漏检而带来的食品安全风险。方法 采用国标法检测金黄色葡萄球菌,血浆凝固酶试验时间延长至24h,同时用生化鉴定法和BAX System Q7快速检测法进行互相验证。结果 国标法凝固酶试验6h不凝固,12h出现部分凝固,24h完全凝固,生化鉴定法和BAX System Q7快速检测法结果都是检出金黄色葡萄球菌。结论 在食品中金黄色葡萄球菌检验过程中,选择性平板上菌落典型,而凝固酶试验异常的情况,应延长试验时间并用其他方法加以验证。     

基于16S rDNA序列、MALDI-TOF-MS和VITEK的沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的鉴定

沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌广泛存在于食品及环境中,对食品安全造成一定的威胁。在食源性致病菌检测过程中,选择合适的方法不仅可以缩短时间,节省人力物力,还能更好地溯源。选取210株沙门氏菌和18株金黄色葡萄球菌,使用16S rDNA序列测定、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)和VITEK全自动细菌鉴定系统对其鉴定,使用R软件包(v3.6.1)对鉴定结果进行统计和相关性分析,比较3种方法的鉴定水平和效率。结果表明:3种方法均可将210株沙门氏菌(100.0%)鉴定到属水平;16S rDNA序列测定方法可将18株(100.0%)金黄色葡萄球菌鉴定到属水平,可将其中15株(83.3%)菌鉴定到种水平;MALDI-TOF-MS和VITEK可将18株金黄色葡萄球菌(100.0%)鉴定到种水平。除16S rDNA序列测定方法外,其余2种方法对金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌的鉴定水平相同,而MALDI-TOF-MS鉴定所需时间最短、效率最高。     

金黄色葡萄球菌鉴定方法研究

目的 为了筛选出能够快速准确鉴定金黄色葡萄球菌的方法。方法 利用国标法、VITEK 2 Compact生化鉴定、16s rDNA序列分析和PCR鉴定等4种方法对酱卤肉制品中分离出的典型菌落进行鉴定。结果 国标法检测结果显示菌株为革兰氏阳性菌,血平板上有明显的透明溶血圈且血浆凝固酶试验结果为阳性,符合金黄色葡萄球菌判定标准。VITEK 2 Compact生化鉴定结果中不吻合的典型生化谱仅有1项（dMAL）,判定菌株为金黄色葡萄球菌（98%概率）,为极好的鉴定。16s rDNA序列比对分析及以邻接法构建的进化树均显示典型菌落为金黄色葡萄球菌。以耐热核酸酶基因（nuc）设计的引物能扩增出单一的清晰条带,能快速准确的识别出金黄色葡萄球菌。结论 4种方法均能准确鉴定出金黄色葡萄球菌,但耗时都比较长,通过改进实验方法,缩短DNA提取时间,PCR鉴定将表现出较大优势。     

金黄色葡萄球菌定量检测结果的不确定度评定

目的评定质控样品中金黄色葡萄球菌计数结果的不确定度。方法通过分析测量过程,确定并简化不确定度来源,运用统计学方法,分析不确定度分量、量化合成不确定度和扩展不确定度。结果金黄色葡萄球菌计数结果的不确定度来源较多,其中对不确定度贡献较大的为均质袋与样品稀释管及其稀释过程引入的不确定度、样品加样体积引入的不确定度、不同人员重复实验引入的不确定度。血浆凝固酶阳性实验,同样是构成偏差不可忽视的因素。金黄色葡萄球菌计数结果可表示为(10~(3.5778±0.095))CFU/g,k=2。结论该方法适用于质控样品中金黄色葡萄球菌计数结果的不确定度评定。     

肉类食品中大肠杆菌快速检验即用型质控样品研制

为实现肉类食品中大肠杆菌快速检验,研制出大肠杆菌基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF-MS）检验即用型质控样品,可以直接溶解使用,无需再次培养,并系统分析了质控样品的均匀性和稳定性。结果表明：经筛选得到冻干基质最佳条件,质控样品存活率均在90%以上;质控样品培养计数结果F=0.567,小于临界值,证明均匀性好;质控样品在37℃和25℃环境下放置14 d后菌株计数稳定,在-20℃和4℃环境下贮藏28 d复苏率分别为101.5%和99.6%,在37℃和-20℃环境下贮藏28 d后的MALDI-TOF-MS检测结果仍保持一致,表明样品稳定性好,满足作为质控样品的要求。     

基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法鉴定食品中金黄色葡萄球菌

目的评价基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF MS)对食源性金黄色葡萄球菌的鉴定效果。方法应用MALDI-TOF MS对210株食源性金黄色葡萄球菌进行鉴定,与传统的生化鉴定结果进行比较,并用SPSS19.0软件分析鉴定结果。结果 MALDI-TOF MS将210株金黄色葡萄球菌鉴定到种、属水平分别为98.10%和1.43%,与VITEK 2鉴定方法无差异(P0.05)。结论 MALDI-TOF MS具有简便、快速、准确等优点,适用于对食源性金黄色葡萄球菌进行高通量、低成本的快速鉴定。     

16S rRNA基因序列、生化鉴定、质谱3类方法鉴定常见微生物的结果分析

目的比较16SrRNA基因序列、生化鉴定、质谱鉴定3类实验方法分析沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌的鉴定结果的异同。方法挑选沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌各50株,分别进行16S rRNA基因序列测定、VITEK COMPACT 2生化鉴定、质谱鉴定3类实验,并比较3类实验的鉴定结果。结果 3类实验方法对大部分沙门氏菌鉴定在属水平,生化鉴定方法对少数血清型鉴定到种水平;对金黄色葡萄球菌均鉴定到种水平; 16SrRNA基因序列、生化方法对蜡样芽孢杆菌鉴定到属水平,质谱鉴定到种水平。结论 3类实验方法对大部分沙门氏菌、所有金黄色葡萄球菌鉴定水平相同,质谱鉴定蜡样芽孢杆菌的结果更准确,且质谱鉴定时效性更高。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press