云南野生食用菌边角料主要营养成分研究

目的为野生食用菌高值化利用与开发提供科学依据。方法以松茸、鸡枞、黄牛肝菌、白牛肝菌、青头菌5种云南野生食用菌边角料为材料,采用国家标准方法测定其主要营养成分。结果水分、灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、总糖、水溶性化合物、总碳水化合物、全氨基酸和常见金属元素的含量在5种野生食用菌中存在极显著差异(P0.01)。其中,白牛肝菌的水分含量、粗蛋白含量、粗脂肪含量、粗纤维含量、水溶性成分含量和全氨基酸含量均最高(分别为88.73%、35.66%、1.76%、8.23%、40.49%、20.78%),黄牛肝菌的灰分含量最高(6.03%),松茸的总糖和总碳水化合物含量最高(分别为35.07%、58.40%)。白牛肝菌的钙、铜含量最高(分别为97.79 mg/100 g、3.13 mg/100g),鸡枞的铁、镁含量最高(分别为107.26 mg/100 g、115.37 mg/100g),松茸的锌、锰含量最高(分别为56.40 mg/100 g、5.08 mg/100 g)。结论 5种野生食用菌边角料均含有人体所需的氨基酸,主要营养成分含量存在极显著差异,属于高蛋白低脂肪,鲜嫩可口的健康食材。     

实时荧光PCR方法检测食品中痕量荞麦成分

目的：建立一种快速、特异、灵敏的荞麦成分检测方法。 方法：针对荞麦内转录间隔区ITS(internal transcribed spacer)和5.8S rRNA基因序列设计一对PCR引物及探针,建立实时荧光PCR检测方法;以同源性(27个荞麦属相关物种)及非同源性(食品中常见的栽培型植物)参考植物物种作特异性检测;以50mg/kg小麦DNA作为稀释液对荞麦DNA进行梯度稀释,做灵敏度检测。 结果：该方法能够有效对荞麦成分进行快速检测,具有较强的特异性,灵敏度较高(可达0.1μg/kg)并且小麦成分的存在对荞麦灵敏度检测没有影响。结论：该方法特异性强,灵敏度高,可以快速、准确检测食品中含有的痕量荞麦成分。     

鱼翅制品中鲨鱼源性成分的实时荧光PCR检测方法

本研究通过鲨鱼线粒体基因组的部分序列,设计了鲨鱼的特异性引物和探针,建立了鱼翅制品中鲨鱼源性成分检测的一种新方法,据此可鉴别鱼翅制品的品质。通过物种特异性实验和灵敏度测试,表明所设计的引物和探针具有较好的物种特异性,所建立的方法具有较高的灵敏度:DNA浓度的检测灵敏度可达0.01 ng/μL,重量检测灵敏度可达0.1%(m/m)。采用该方法并结合植物源性基因检测方法对市场上随机抽取的25份鱼翅制品进行检测,其中18份样品检出鲨鱼源性成分而未检出植物源性成分,7份样品未检出鲨鱼源性成分而检出植物源性成分,表明这7份样品不是真鱼翅制品,而是采用了植物成分仿制而成。本研究所建立的方法快速、灵敏、简单,适用于市场上鱼翅制品中鲨鱼源性成分的快速检测。     

黑松露成分TaqMan探针实时荧光PCR检测方法的建立与应用

以黑松露核糖体内转录间隔区基因为靶基因设计特异性引物和探针,建立黑松露成分的TaqMan实时荧光PCR检测方法,并进行物种特异性验证。同时对不同掺入比例的模拟样品和市售黑松露及制品进行检测。结果表明:该方法特异性强,仅对黑松露基因组DNA出现特异性扩增曲线,与其它食用菌和异源性动植物样品无非目标扩增;检测灵敏度为1×10-3 ng/μL黑松露基因组DNA或质量分数0.01%的黑松露粉。对120份市售黑松露(鲜品、冻品、干品、粉末)、黑松露制品(黑松露酱和黑松露调味粉)以及不含黑松露成分的杂菌包进行检测,在70份黑松露(鲜品、冻品、干品、粉末)和10份黑松露制品中检出黑松露成分,其它样品均未检出黑松露成分,检测结果与商品标识一致。该方法灵敏度高,特异性强,可快速精准地进行黑松露成分的真实性甄别。     

鱼翅制品中鲨鱼源性成分的实时荧光PCR检测方法 Key words:

本研究通过鲨鱼线粒体基因组的部分序列,设计了鲨鱼的特异性引物和探针,建立了鱼翅制品中鲨鱼源性成分检测的一种新方法,据此可鉴别鱼翅制品的品质。通过物种特异性实验和灵敏度测试,表明所设计的引物和探针具有较好的物种特异性,所建立的方法具有较高的灵敏度：DNA浓度的检测灵敏度可达0.01 ng/?L,重量检测灵敏度可达0.1%（m/m）。采用该方法并结合植物源性基因检测方法对市场上随机抽取的25份鱼翅制品进行检测,其中18份样品检出鲨鱼源性成分而未检出植物源性成分,7份样品未检出鲨鱼源性成分而检出植物源性成分,表明这7份样品不是真鱼翅制品,而是采用了植物成分仿制而成。本研究所建立的方法快速、灵敏、简单,适用于市场上鱼翅制品中鲨鱼源性成分的快速检测。     

菠萝成分的实时荧光PCR检测方法的建立

目的本文研究建立食品中菠萝成分的实时荧光PCR检测方法。方法根据菠萝rbcL基因设计菠萝物种特异性检测引物和荧光探针,对样品中的靶标基因片段进行检测,并进行物种特异性检测、灵敏度测试和实际应用检测。结果通过对供试的58种动植物材料进行检测,只有菠萝出现特异性扩增,其他物种材料无扩增;对不同浓度菠萝DNA样品和不同含量的菠萝粉样品进行灵敏度测试,该检测方法对菠萝成分的检测灵敏度分别为0.01 ng/μL菠萝DNA和0.1%菠萝粉;对市场销售的实际样品进行检测,能够满足于检测需求。结论该方法简单、灵敏、快速、准确,能应用于食品中菠萝成分检测。     

荧光定量PCR方法检测畜肉食品中鸭源性成分

目的 建立一种快速、特异、灵敏的鸭源性成分检测方法。方法 本研究以鸭线粒体基因全序列为靶位点设计引物和探针, 进行荧光定量PCR扩增, 建立鸭源性成分检测方法; 以常见畜禽肉包括羊肉、牛肉、鸡肉、鹅肉、猪肉、兔肉、马肉、鹿肉等参考动物物种作特异性检测; 以50 mg/kg羊肉DNA作为稀释液对鸭肉DNA进行梯度稀释, 做灵敏度检测。结果 该方法能够有效对鸭源性成分进行快速检测, 具有较强的特异性, 灵敏度较高(可达0.1 μg/kg)并且羊肉成分的存在对鸭肉灵敏度检测没有影响。结论 该方法特异性强, 灵敏度高, 可以快速、准确检测畜肉食品中含有的鸭源性成分。     

荧光定量PCR方法检测畜肉食品中猪源性成分

目的 建立一种快速、特异、灵敏的猪源性成分检测方法。方法 本研究以猪线粒体12S rRNA基因序列为靶位点设计引物和探针, 进行荧光定量PCR扩增, 建立猪源性成分检测方法; 以常见畜禽肉包括羊肉、牛肉、鸡肉、鹅肉、鸭肉、兔肉、马肉、鹿肉等参考动物物种作特异性检测; 以50 mg/kg羊肉DNA作为稀释液对猪肉DNA进行梯度稀释, 做灵敏度检测。结果 该方法能够有效对猪源性成分进行快速检测, 具有较强的特异性, 灵敏度较高(可达0.1 μg/kg)并且羊肉成分的存在对猪肉灵敏度检测没有影响。结论 该方法特异性强, 灵敏度高, 可以快速、准确检测畜肉食品中含有的猪源性成分。     

五种云南野生食用菌中非挥发性的主要呈味物质比较研究

采用高效液相色谱仪及全自动氨基酸分析仪对黑牛肝菌、黄牛肝菌、鸡枞菌、干巴菌、松茸菌等5种云南野生食用菌品种进行肌苷酸、氨基酸总量及游离氨基酸含量比较分析,结果表明,黑牛肝菌中肌苷酸含量最高,达1326.48μg/g,显著高于干巴菌(890.98μg/g)、松茸菌(513.83μg/g)(p0.05)。5种云南野生食用菌均含17种氨基酸,氨基酸总量在不同品种间差异性显著(p0.05),鸡枞菌的氨基酸总量达158.06 mg/g,并显著高于其它四种菌(p0.05),其次是黑牛肝菌(112.26 mg/g);五种野生菌中必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例均在40%以上,氨基酸配比合理,5种云南野生食用菌均属优质蛋白;另外,鸡枞菌的风味氨基酸含量最高,其中鲜味游离氨基酸含量达9.35 mg/g,显著高于其它菌种,其次是黄牛肝菌(5.11 mg/g)。5种云南野生食用菌呈味物质含量丰富,其应用于食品调味料产品具有较好的前景。     

云南三种特色野生食用菌营养成分分析与评价

以云南当地三种特色珍稀野生食用菌红蜡蘑、红顶枝瑚菌和昆明乳牛肝菌为原料,采用国家标准方法,测定其各种营养成分(总糖、粗纤维、蛋白质、脂肪、矿物质、氨基酸和维生素等)的含量,并进行综合评价。结果表明:三种野生食用菌均为高蛋白、高纤维、低脂肪,富含人体所需矿物质元素和维生素,营养价值很高的食用菌。三种特色野生食用菌所含氨基酸种类丰富且含量高,均含有17种氨基酸,其中必需氨基酸7种,非必需氨基酸10种,氨基酸中均以呈鲜味的谷氨酸含量最高。其中,必需氨基酸在总氨基酸中所占的比例在37.31%~40.62%之间,必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸比值(E/N)达0.60~0.68。通过对三种野生食用菌营养成分的分析,发现红蜡蘑中的各营养成分稍高于红顶枝瑚菌和昆明乳牛肝菌,这为进一步开发利用特色野生食用菌资源提供理论依据。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press