酱腌菜天然防腐保鲜技术及应用前景展望

酱腌菜是以新鲜蔬菜为主要原料,经不同腌渍工艺制作而成的蔬菜制品。传统酱腌菜的加工工艺、防腐保鲜措施较为落后,为满足现代人健康饮食的需求,加工工艺、防腐保鲜措施需要提质升级。天然防腐剂取代化学防腐剂在食品防腐剂中的应用,以及复合防腐剂的研究已成为食品工业的一个热点。文章对近年来有关酱腌菜的传统加工工艺;影响酱腌菜品质的因素:成品水分含量、腌制温度、腌制时间、包装方式和杀菌条件;酱腌菜防腐保鲜的措施:盐渍法、高温灭菌法、防腐技术、包装技术和栅栏技术进行了综述,并对天然防腐剂的应用前景进行了展望。     

肉桂酸复配型天然防腐剂在酱腌莱中的应用研究

本文主要研究在无真空包装的前提下,在酱腌菜中添加0．05％的苯甲酸钠、0．05％的山梨酸钾和不同浓度的肉桂酸复配型天然防腐剂,分别在非灭菌和灭菌的包装下将其放入恒温恒湿箱内（T=35℃、R=90％）进行加速实验,对比三种防腐剂对酱腌菜的防腐保鲜效果。结合感官检查、菌落计数和大肠杆菌计数发现：肉桂酸复配型天然防腐剂对酱腌菜有明显的防腐保鲜效果,无真空包装下,肉桂酸复配型天然防腐剂对酱腌菜的防腐保鲜效果一般为苯甲酸钠的10-20倍,为山梨酸钾的5～10倍左右;在灭菌条件下添加量为0．2％时,保存84d仅有轻微颜色发暗的现象,酱腌菜的质地、口感和气味均无明显的变化。     

肉桂酸复配型天然防腐剂在酱腌菜中的应用研究

本文主要研究在无真空包装的前提下,在酱腌菜中添加0. 05%的苯甲酸钠、0. 05%的山梨酸钾和不同浓度的肉桂酸复配型天然防腐剂,分别在非灭菌和灭菌的包装下将其放入恒温恒湿箱内(T=35℃,R=90%)进行加速实验,对比三种防腐剂对酱腌菜的防腐保鲜效果.结合感官检查、菌落计数和大肠杆菌计数发现:肉桂酸复配型天然防腐剂对酱腌菜有明显的防腐保鲜效果,无真空包装下,肉桂酸复配型天然防腐刑对酱腌菜的防腐保鲜效果-殷为苯甲酸钠的10-20倍,为山梨酸钾的5-10倍左右;在灭菌条件下添加量为0. 2%时,保存84 d仅有轻微颜色发暗的现象,酱腌菜的质地、口感和气味均无明显的变化.     

酱腌菜天然防腐保鲜剂的研发

随着人们对健康意识的提高,人们对防腐剂的要求也不再仅限于安全和无毒,而是营养化和功能化.复配型天然防腐保鲜剂的研发和利用也已成为食品工业中的一个热点.本文主要阐述了天然防腐保鲜剂的研究进展及现状,并对天然复配型防腐剂的开发前景进行了分析和展望.同时,对研发酱腌菜天然保鲜剂的历程进行简单的综述,选用肉桂提取物作为复配原料的主要成分,不仅可以起到抑菌的效果,而且肉桂提取物特有的风味对调味料起到增香、增鲜的效果.复配壳聚糖、柠檬酸、茶多酚等多种天然活性成分研发出酱腌菜天然防腐保鲜剂,在明确研发目的和意义的基础上历经数年反复试验确定配方组成.不仅解决了酱腌菜制作和保存过程中遇到的防腐难题,更大大降低了企业的成本,保持了酱腌菜原有的风味,其安全性,高效性,方便性对增强企业及产品竞争都具有极为重要的意义.     

休闲凤爪制品研究进展

随着食品工业的发展,凤爪已成为休闲卤制品中最重要的食品之一,有非常良好的发展前景。休闲凤爪制作工艺主要有炸、卤和泡,通常通过高温杀菌、添加防腐剂和辐照杀菌等措施来实现防腐保鲜。目前,休闲凤爪包装食品研究仍处于初级阶段,知名休闲凤爪包装产品主要有泡椒凤爪、盐焗鸡爪。防腐保鲜是制约休闲凤爪工业化的主要因素之一,高温杀菌影响凤爪口感和风味,其他防腐保鲜措施也存在一些问题。此外,目前休闲凤爪货架期预测主要使用基于温度的Q10模型,有待于进一步加强研究。随着地方美食零食化、栅栏因子和天然防腐剂以及热杀菌协同处理延长货架期,加强凤爪货架期预测模型的建立是休闲凤爪包装化的研究方向。     

新型天然植物防腐剂在延长低温肉制品货架期中的应用

分别将新型复合天然植物防腐剂和常规化学防腐剂山梨酸钾添加到非烟熏法兰克福香肠中,真空包装后贮藏于4℃下,通过测定微生物、pH、色度和质构四项指标来比较两类防腐剂的防腐效果.结果表明,新型复合天然植物防腐剂的防腐效果显著优于山梨酸钾,添加量为4、6g/kg时,可将产品货架期分别延长至4和6周,且对产品的色泽和质构产生有利影响.     

不同工艺条件对酱腌菜保藏品质的影响

以萝卜为原料,进行酱菜制作,重点研究酱腌菜加工工艺条件对其保藏品质的影响,并确定了酱腌菜的最佳工艺.结果表明,不同防腐剂,酱腌菜水分含量以及杀菌温度、杀菌时间都不同程度地影响酱腌菜的保藏品质;采用天然生物防腐剂乳酸链球茵素与纳他霉素复配,可有效提高酱腌菜保藏性能;酱腌菜加工最佳工艺条件为乳酸链球菌素(200 mg/kg) 纳他霉素(150 mg/kg),控制酱腌菜水分含量为80%,杀菌温度85℃,杀菌时间15 min.     

正一价氯胺使大型纸机杀菌防腐剂效果实现质的飞跃

一种新型号的杀菌防腐剂代替过去普通型号的杀菌防腐剂,提高杀菌防腐效果,已是许多生产杀菌防腐剂厂家多年的执着追求.如今正一价氯胺的出现给杀菌防腐剂带来了划时代的飞跃,创造了杀菌防腐效果的新历史,并且成本低廉,几乎所有中、碱性造纸的大型纸机都已经或正在寻求这种新型号的杀菌防腐剂代替过去普通型号的杀菌防腐剂.     

食品防腐剂和抗氧化剂在酱菜行业的使用技术及法规标准

综述了国标中规定的酱腌菜的名词术语、分类和卫生标准,分析了我国酱腌菜行业的现状和发展趋势,归纳总结了GB2760-2007中允许在酱菜中使用的防腐剂和抗氧化剂及可以申报扩大使用范围应用于酱菜中的防腐剂和抗氧化剂品种.探讨了不同加工工艺对酱菜品质的影响,认为不同的加工工艺条件对产品的质量有较大的影响,酱腌菜适当的水分含量、产品的包装量、杀菌温度和杀菌时间、复配防腐剂的使用、包装材料等均对产品最后的品质有很大影响.酱菜不能完全靠防腐剂或抗氧化剂来保证最终产品的品质,应该利用栅栏技术,从原料控制、工艺条件、防腐剂和抗氧化剂的正确使用,包装材料和包装方式、贮运条件等采取综合措施以保证酱腌菜的品质,延长保质期.     

正确使用R-多糖 食品防腐、保鲜更高效

R-多糖是以生物提取物为原料．根据其各种防腐剂的单项抑菌作用．经过复配与扩大菌母的特定工艺．研制出的具有综合杀菌抑菌能力且无毒无害的复合型天然食品防腐剂;其杀菌抑菌效果更广谱．更超越、更优质．是一种革命性的食品防腐剂新产品．是白酒以外的食品企业的防腐剂产品新选择。本文介绍了R-多糖在风干腊肠、热糟猪蹄．卤蛋和海产品中的防腐保鲜应用方案．这些方法也可应用到其他肉制品中．供企业参考。     

Trends in microbial control techniques for poultry products

Fresh poultry meat and poultry products are highly perishable foods and high potential sources of human infection due to the presence of several foodborne pathogens. Focusing on the microbial control of poultry products, the food industry generally implements numerous preventive measures based on the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) food safety management system certification together with technological steps, such as refrigeration coupled to modified atmosphere packaging that are able to control identified potential microbial hazards during food processing. However, in recent years, to meet the demand of consumers for minimally processed, high-quality, and additive-free foods, technologies are emerging associated with nonthermal microbial inactivation, such as high hydrostatic pressure, irradiation, and natural alternatives, such as biopreservation or the incorporation of natural preservatives in packaging materials. These technologies are discussed throughout this article, emphasizing their pros and cons regarding the control of poultry microbiota and their effects on poultry sensory properties. The discussion for each of the preservation techniques mentioned will be provided with as much detail as the data and studies provided in the literature for poultry meat and products allow. These new approaches, on their own, have proved to be effective against a wide range of microorganisms in poultry meat. However, since some of these emergent technologies still do not have full consumer's acceptability and, taking into consideration the hurdle technology concept for poultry processing, it is suggested that they will be used as combined treatments or, more frequently, in combination with modified atmosphere packaging.     

Novel and emerging technologies used by the U.S. food processing industry

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the extent of novel non-thermal food processing technologies usage in the United States. A survey was conducted to food experts to study the major reasons for using novel technologies, the limitations for not implementing specific technologies, and the main drivers for innovation of non-thermal food processing technologies. The survey study focused on the high-pressure processing, pulsed electric field, pulsed light, irradiation, ultrasound, oscillating magnetic fields, and cold atmospheric plasma technologies. High pressure processing (35.6%) was the most commonly used non-thermal food processing technologies, followed by pulsed electric field (20%). Rapidly increasing novel technologies included cold atmospheric plasma (14.1%) and oscillating magnetic fields (14.1%). More than 70% of the respondents indicated that the main factor for choosing non-thermal food processing technology was better nutrient and sensory properties. High investment (41%) was the major limitation for implementing non-thermal food processing technologies. The results indicated the main drivers for innovation were equipment manufacturers (43.8%) and government research (42.3%). The results emphasized the need for new and improved innovative, non-thermal technologies to provide a balance between safety and minimal processing.Industrial relevanceThis research provides industry with an overview of perceptions food managers, scientists and technologists of novel non-thermal food processing technologies. This research investigated factors that food companies use to implement particular food processing technologies and the limitations prohibit them from using such technologies. There are technologies which are still under development and are currently being conducted to extend the shelf life of certain foods while preserving freshness and natural nutrients. This study investigated technologies currently being used, ones still under development, and the main drivers for innovation of these technologies within the United States.     

非热加工技术在水产蛋白加工中的应用研究进展

近年来, 非热加工技术在水产品加工领域受到广泛关注。非热加工技术可对水产蛋白进行改性处理, 改善其功能特性, 提高其利用率, 实现其高值化利用, 并可减少热敏性营养物质的损失。与传统热加工相比, 非热加工技术在保障食品安全、保持食品原有的营养和品质等方面表现出了更好的应用前景。本文综述了超声波、超高压、高密度CO2、冷等离子体、辐照等非热加工技术在水产蛋白加工中的应用, 并阐述了各种非热加工技术对水产蛋白的高级结构及功能特性的影响, 可为拓宽水产蛋白的加工利用途径提供理论支撑。但是新兴的非热加工技术目前仍处于开发研究阶段, 大规模的工业应用仍需要更多和更深入的研究。     

低盐腌菜保藏技术研究进展

传统腌菜含盐量太高,不利于人体健康。因此近年来国内外市场对低盐腌菜的需求急剧增加。由于腌菜主要是依据食盐的高渗透压得以长期保存。故低盐腌菜难以满足保存要求的矛盾便显得尤为突出。本文对低盐腌菜保藏技术的研究概况进行了综述。包括物理方法如巴氏杀菌法、超高压杀菌法、微波杀菌法、真空耐热包装法;化学防腐剂法;天然防腐剂法、栅栏技术、加强乳酸发酵法等。建议腌菜生产企业拓展低盐腌菜的物理保藏技术,科学使用防腐剂,利用栅栏技术等综合提高低盐腌菜的保质期和食用安全性。     

凤仙花的化学成分和生物活性研究进展

随着化学防腐剂各种问题的凸显以及人们对食品加工的需求越来越向"绿色"和"天然"等理念转变,食品防腐剂的天然化已经成为防腐技术的一大趋势,很多天然植物含有抗菌和抗氧化成分,这为天然防腐剂的筛选提供了丰富的原材料。凤仙花是我国民间一直用于治疗风湿病、腰腿疼痛和指甲炎等疾病的一种观赏、入药两相宜的草本植物,含有多种功能性物质,具有显著的抗菌、抗氧化活性,该文对凤仙花化学成分和生物活性研究成果进行综述。     

非热加工消减水产品致敏性及其评价方法的研究进展

水产品过敏是一个重要的食品安全问题。非热加工技术作为食品新型绿色加工手段逐渐应用于降低水产品致敏性的研究领域。故本文简略介绍了食物过敏,综述了辐照、超声波、超高压、低温等离子体、糖基化处理、酶解法等非热加工技术消减水产品致敏性和血清学、模拟消化、细胞实验、动物实验等水产品致敏性评价方法,为低致敏性水产品的开发提供参考和指导。     

乳酸链球菌素的研究现状及在食品中的应用

随着科技的进步和人们对食品安全的日益高度重视,传统的化学保鲜剂已经不能满足消费者们对健康的需求,因此科学研究者们将更多的目光转向生物型防腐保鲜剂。细菌素是某些细菌在代谢过程中通过核糖体合成机制产生的一类具有抗菌活性的多肽、蛋白质或蛋白质复合物,具有高效、无毒、无残留、无抗药性及耐高温等优点。乳酸链球菌素是当下研究最彻底、应用最广、通过纯化并实现商业化的细菌素之一,它是由乳酸菌发酵生产的多肽类天然生物抗菌剂,能够抑制或杀死其他细菌。本文综述了乳酸链球菌素的理化特性、抑菌机制、功能应用等方面,以期为后续研究提供参考。     

非热杀菌技术在冷链生鲜食品中杀菌消毒的研究进展

新型冠状病毒在全球范围内大流行，冷链生鲜食品及外包装作为新型冠状病毒潜在远程传播载体，增加了病毒通过“物传人”的感染风险。非热杀菌技术是一类新型杀菌技术，无需热能消耗即可杀灭食品中有害或致病微生物，避免了传统热杀菌技术传热相对较慢和对杀菌对象产生热损伤等缺点，将该技术应用于生鲜食品中不仅能有效阻断病毒传播，还能在食品保鲜和延长货架期方面发挥积极作用。本文主要介绍了适用于冷链环节中生鲜食品表面及外包装的非热杀菌技术，包括化学消毒剂、紫外线辐射、臭氧消毒、低温等离子体等，并从不同非热杀菌技术的工作机制、对病原体的灭活作用、对冷链过程中生鲜食品的保鲜效果进行阐述，以期为非热杀菌技术在冷链生鲜食品中的杀菌消毒应用提供理论指导，为保障冷链生鲜食品安全提供一定参考。     

High pressure-based hurdle interventions for raw and processed meat: a clean-label prospective

Today's consumers demand clean-label healthy products to which no artificial preservatives have been added. Distribution of fresh, safe raw meat or meat products requires reduced numbers of bacteria on its surface when it leaves the processing plant under strict maintenance of low temperatures throughout the supply chain. Means of controlling or even improving the food integrity aim to decontaminate the carcasses or products during or at the end of the production line. In the past decades, high-pressure processing (HPP) has been investigated as an alternative non-thermal preservation technology to match all these demands without compromising safety. HPP treatments could efficiently inactivate the vegetative microorganisms (related to foodborne diseases), but not spores. However, the combination of several non-thermal and conventional preservation techniques under the so-called hurdle technology has been explored to enhance their efficiency.     

Combining reformulation,active packaging and non-thermal post-packaging decontamination technologies to increase the microbiological quality and safety of cooked ready-to-eat meat products

BackgroundCooked ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products are subjected to contamination of spoilage microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria and pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes. These microorganisms contaminate cooked RTE meat products after the cooking step and may further grow during shelf-life potentially leading to spoilage or foodborne diseases, respectively. In the current context of salt, fat and chemical preservatives reduction in meat products formulations, a combined strategy that considers the development of more robust formulations, active packaging and the use of non-thermal post-packaging decontamination strategies seems required to ensure shelf-stable and safe RTE cooked food products.Scope and approachThe main objective of this review was to discuss the aspects related to reformulation, active packaging and the application of non-thermal decontamination technologies at the post-packaging step of cooked RTE meat products, their advantages, limitations and main challenges for their implementation.Key findings and conclusionsIn general, post-packaging decontamination technologies aim to reduce or inactivate pathogens and spoilage microorganisms present on the surface of ready-to-eat meat products. Low-temperature plasma, high-pressure processing (HPP), pulsed electric fields, pulsed ultraviolet light and ultrasound are promising alternatives in this segment. However, the choice of the most appropriate approach for post-packaging decontamination of cooked ready-to-eat meat products depends on the type of product and the technological objectives. Meat products formulation and packaging material properties should be considered while defining a post-packaging decontamination approach. Although they are advantageous, non-thermal technologies may present certain limitations such as the increase of oxidative reactions over the shelf-life.