新型黏结剂和水性交联剂在模压可燃药筒中的应用

为提高模压可燃药筒的力学强度,同时改善其燃尽性,于某定型号产品配方基础上试制了含新型黏结剂CK及水性交联剂DZ的新型模压可燃药筒,并对黏结剂与交联剂配比、试样力学强度及燃烧性能等进行了研究。结果表明,黏结剂CK和交联剂DZ优化配比后的质量分数分别为12.0%和1.5%;新型模压可燃药筒抗拉强度和最大伸长率可达到36.7 MPa和7.0%,较传统试样分别提高了46.2%和42.9%;燃烧后,烘前及烘后平均残渣质量分别降低了55.07%和64.07%;此外,上炮试验中,射击后火炮膛内也无影响装填的残渣。新型黏结剂CK和水性交联剂DZ的引入有效地提高了模压可燃药筒的力学强度及韧性,且燃尽性也有所改善。     

坦克炮半可燃药筒弹药射击安全性分析

本文分析了坦克炮半可燃药筒弹药在发射时燃烧不完全，可能导致次发装填的弹药自燃或燃爆，也就是半可燃药筒弹药在射击中的安全性问题产生的原因，提出了提高坦克炮半可燃药筒弹药在射击中安全性的措施。     

造纸法低定量烟草薄片增强助剂的性能评价

以造纸法制备了低定量烟草薄片,测定了壳聚糖、羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素和聚乙烯醇的增强性能,及其对烟草浆料和填料留着,以及烟草基片物理性能的影响。研究结果表明,加入壳聚糖的系统助留效果最好,填料留着率提高7.3%;加入羧甲基纤维素和聚乙烯醇的烟草基片具有较好的松厚度和吸液性;加入羟乙基纤维素和壳聚糖的烟草基片分别具有较好的抗干、湿强度。     

多功能水性纳米复合建筑隔热涂料的制备

以水性聚氨酯为成膜剂,以分散良好的滑石粉和绢云母为填料,金红石型二氧化钛、空心玻璃微珠为隔热功能颜填料,采用高速分散提高纳米填料在涂料中的分散性,制备具有三种隔热机理协同作用的水性纳米复合隔热涂料。实验表明:绢云母具有较高的辐射隔热效果,其最佳用量(质量分数)为10%;空心微珠为高反射隔热填料,随着空心微珠添加量的增加,隔热性能提高,而过多空心微珠会导致涂料机械性能下降,其最佳用量(质量分数)为5%;金红石型二氧化钛是性能最好的反射填料,其最佳用量(质量分数)为6%;涂刷最佳厚度为400μm,含绢云母、空心微珠和二氧化钛复合型水性纳米涂料隔热性能最优隔热率达到94%以上。     

可燃药筒涂层的改进方法

本专利论及的是防止可燃药筒弹药受潮、早炸的一种改进方法。众所周知,可燃药筒表面涂有保护层可以防止潮气侵入松软的壳体。实际上使用这     

低温感包覆火药装药的两相流内弹道数值模拟

本文分析了低温感包覆火药装药在火炮膛内点传火和燃烧的物理过程，建立了具有主装药、包覆药、可燃药筒、中心传火管和尾翼管状药等五种装药原件这一复杂装药结构的两相流内弹道物理模型和数学模型，编写了相应的计算程序，并以某线膛炮为例进行了计算，结果表明：计算值与实验值吻合较好。     

Mg-Al/NC高能点火药的制备及性能研究

为提高点火药的点火能力,降低其吸湿性,采用Mg-Al合金粉为可燃剂,高氯酸钾(KClO4)为氧化剂,硝化棉(NC)为燃烧性能调节剂,制备了Mg-Al/NC高能点火药,并对其性能进行分析。研究结果表明:Mg-Al合金粉、NC可较大程度提高点火药的点火能力,Mg-Al/NC高能点火药与黑火药相比爆热增加约100%,比容增加约30%,固体残渣率增加约30%,火焰感度、撞击感度和摩擦感度有所下降,吸湿性降低。     

Mg-Al/NC高能点火药的制备及性能研究

为提高点火药的点火能力,降低其吸湿性,采用Mg-Al合金粉为可燃剂,高氯酸钾(KClO4)为氧化剂,硝化棉(NC)为燃烧性能调节剂,制备了Mg-Al/NC高能点火药,并对其性能进行分析。研究结果表明:Mg-Al合金粉、NC可较大程度提高点火药的点火能力,Mg-Al/NC高能点火药与黑火药相比爆热增加约100%,比容增加约30%,固体残渣率增加约30%,火焰感度、撞击感度和摩擦感度有所下降,吸湿性降低。     

阳离子淀粉在再生纸中的应用

研究了阳离子淀粉在再生纸中的应用,探讨了阳离子淀粉对再生纸的增强作用、助留作用、助滤作用、对再生纸光学性能的影响以及与固着剂的配合使用.结果表明,阳离子淀粉对脱墨浆料抄造的纸页强度性能影响小,对混合浆料抄造的纸页性能影响较大;阳离子淀粉可提高脱墨浆料和混合浆料中的填料留着率,使纸页不透明度提高、白度降低、色调改变,影响纸页的光学性能;使阳离子固着剂或阳离子湿强剂和阳离子淀粉配合使用,可进一步提高细小组分的留着.     

有机硅高沸物水解物作为塑料填料的应用

水解有机硅高沸物制盐酸的过程会产生大量高度交联的聚硅氧烷固体残渣,利用该残渣与塑料的相容性,将其作为填料加入其中,达到增量与降低成本的目的。文中以低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)为例,对有机硅高沸物水解物/LDPE复合材料的力学、燃烧与耐候性能进行了研究。结果表明,有机硅高沸物水解物填料在基材LDPE中的填充量为20%时,复合材料性能较优。此时,材料的拉伸强度与断裂伸长率分别降低14.05%和34.00%,燃烧速率略有降低;而硬度提高9.03%,弯曲强度提高16.82%,热稳定性与耐候性也有所提高。     

纳米TiO2填充聚醚砜酮复合材料的摩擦学性能

采用热压成型的方法制备了纳米TiO2填充聚醚砜酮(PPESK)复合材料，在MM—2000摩擦磨损试验机上考察了干摩擦条件下纳米TiO2含量以及试验载荷对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响，并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察分析PPESK及纳米TiO2／PPESK复合材料磨损表面形貌及磨损机理。结果表明，添加少量纳米TiO2即可以明显提高PPESK的耐磨性，当纳米TiO2含量超过2．5％(体积)时，其耐磨性随填料含量变化不明显，载荷对纳米TiO2填充PPESK复合材料磨损率的影响不大。在低含量时(＜2．5％)，纳米TiO2具有减摩效果，高含量时反而比未填充时大；随量载荷的增加，填充PPESK的摩擦系数显著降低。     

磁性La3+掺杂TiO2的制备及性能

利用溶胶-凝胶法,在室温条件下,以钛酸四丁酯、硝酸镧为主要原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,冰醋酸为抑制剂,浓硝酸为催化剂制得稳定的掺La3+TiO2溶胶,陈化后的凝胶经不同温度煅烧3h后制得不同掺La3+量的TiO2。通过XRD对不同煅烧温度及不同掺La3+量的TiO2进行了表征;以紫外光为光源,研究了掺La3+-TiO2对甲基橙溶液的光降解效果。用化学共沉淀法制备了具有强磁性的Fe3O4水基磁流体,再与La3+掺杂TiO2进行复合,制备了Fe3O4负载量不同的磁性La3+掺杂TiO2,研究了Fe3O4负载量不同的La3+掺杂TiO2对甲基橙的光催化降解效果、磁分离回收率的影响。结果表明,掺La3+量及煅烧温度对TiO2的晶型、各晶型TiO2的相对含量及对甲基橙的光降解效果均有影响。La3+掺杂TiO2比纯TiO2显示出更强的光催化性能,掺La3+量2%,热处理温度450℃的La3+掺杂TiO2光催化活性最高。Fe3O4负载量为10%的Fe3O4/La3+-TiO2对甲基橙的降解率8h时为99.4%;磁分离回收率达97.39%。     

Study on photocatalytic performance and degradation kinetics of X-3B with lanthanide-modified titanium dioxide under solar and UV illumination

The present work was focused on photocatalytic oxidation of the model molecule reactive brilliant X-3B by lanthanide-modified TiO(2) samples under artificial solar and UV irradiation. Experimental results showed that the TiO(2) samples doping with lanthanide (Ce and Gd) could greatly enhance the activity of pure TiO(2), and could extend the absorption range to visible region. The optimum doping amount was 0.2 and 0.5at.% for Ce- and Gd-doped TiO(2) particles, respectively. The degradation kinetics of X-3B on Ce-doped TiO(2), Gd-doped TiO(2), and pure TiO(2) were studied as well. The results exhibited that the degradation of X-3B on all the samples were in accordance with the first-order model. The trend of apparent reaction rate constants k(app) was as follows, Gd-doped TiO(2)>Ce-doped TiO(2)>pure TiO(2), under solar illumination. Scatchard plot analysis was used to evaluate the adsorption phenomena of as-prepared samples, and it indicated that lanthanide doping can improve the efficiency of interfacial adsorption of TiO(2) samples. The trend was the same as that of photocatalytic activity.     

锂离子电池中的高容量合金/碳复合电极研究

采用含有多碳链结构的金属有机化合物,利用固相反应,得到亚微米尺寸的SnSbx合金颗粒,高度均匀地沉积在中间相碳微球(CMS)球体表面.合成的SnSb_x/CMS复合材料做成扣式电池经电化学性能测试,电极可逆比容量超过430mAhg^-1,相对于空白CMS电极(可逆比容量310mAhg^-1)提高近40％,循环30次后容量维持在90％以上.结果表明:制备的复合电极不但具有较高的可逆比容量,而且能防止纯粹合金嵌脱锂过程产生的严重体积效应,从而提高电极循环性能.     

TiO2和WO3复合掺杂金属陶瓷的致密化及抗高温氧化性

采用真空烧结技术制备TiO_2和WO_3复合掺杂17Ni/(NiFe_2O_4-10NiO)金属陶瓷试样,研究TiO_2和WO_3复合掺杂剂对试样物相组成、显微组织、烧结致密化和抗高温氧化性的影响。结果表明:TiO_2和WO_3复合掺杂后无新相生成,而是固溶到NiFe_2O_4晶格中,产生晶格畸变和空位,使致密度提高;TiO_2和WO_3复合掺杂有利于17Ni/(NiFe2O_4-10NiO)金属陶瓷形成更加致密的具有氧化保护性的致密层,阻碍金属Ni向外迁移,提高试样的抗高温氧化性,其中TiO_2和WO_3复合掺杂量为2%(比例为3∶1)和3%(比例为1∶3)时,试样的抗高温氧化性最好,其氧化30h后的氧化层厚度大约为80μm,比未掺杂试样降低了38.46%。     

Enhancement of the bleaching and degradation of textile wastewaters by Gliding arc discharge plasma in the presence of TiO2 catalyst

The degradation of two polluted textile wastewaters from SOITEX (silk and textile) industry using the plasma-catalytic process, has been studied by non-thermal Gliding arc technique coupled to Degussa P25 titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) as photo-catalyst. Experiments were carried out to optimise the amount of phtoto-catalyst. The results showed that maximum degradation was attained for 3 g L(-1) TiO(2) concentration. For wastewater (1) degradation was 95% at the end of 60 min of treatment time. The same wastewater was completely decolourised after only 30min of plasma-catalytic treatment time. In parallel, the biodegradability was significantly enhanced through 20 min of exposure to the plasmagenous source for both wastewater samples. Turbidity of wastewater (1) and wastewater (2) decreased with rate constants of 0.015 and 0.017m in(-1), respectively. The TiO(2)-mediated Gliding Arc discharge (GAD(TiO(2)) showed potential application for the treatment of liquid wastes, resulting in the mineralization of the wastewater samples confirmed by chloride, sulphate and phosphate ions formation. In both cases of GAD treatments, with and without photo-catalyst, the plasmagenous process proves efficient in the field of wastewaters degradation.     

Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Injection Molded Polypropylene/TiO2 Nano-Composites:Effects of Surface Modification

Polypropylene (PP)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano-composites were prepared by melt compounding with a twin screw extruder. Nanoparticles were modified prior to melt mixing with maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS-g-MA) and silane. The composites were injection molded and mechanical tests were applied to obtain tensile strength, elastic modulus and impact strength. Antibacterial efficiency test was applied on the injection molded composite plaques by viable cell counting technique. The results showed that the composites including SEBS-g-MA and silane coated TiO2 gave better mechanical properties than the composites without SEBS-g-MA. Antibacterial efficiency of the composites varied according to the dispersion and the concentration of the particles and it was observed that composites at low content of TiO2 showed higher antibacterial property due to the better photocatalytic activity of the particles during UV exposure.     

纳米TiO2的制备及其性能研究

以钛酸丁酯(TBOT)为前驱物、乙醇(EtOH)为溶剂、水为反应剂、盐酸为催化剂,采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备了无色透明TiO2溶胶和纳米TiO2粉体.运用正交试验设计和极差分析,优化了制备无色透明TiO2溶胶的工艺.利用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)分析了溶胶的光学性能,傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)表征了凝胶的分子结构...     

聚氯乙烯搪塑粉料用低挥发损失率复合热稳定剂的制备及性能

以市售液态钙锌稳定剂T1为主原料,按一定比例复配偏苯三甲酸三辛酯以保护钙/锌皂盐的活性,并将该混合液于140℃恒温蒸发120min,使原液态钙锌稳定剂中稳定性差的助剂得以挥发,得到适用于聚氯乙烯(PVC)搪塑粉料的复合热稳定剂T2,进而制备PVC搪塑表皮,并测试其挥发损失率和热稳定性等性能。结果表明,与市售液态钙锌稳定剂T1相比,添加了自制稳定剂T2的PVC搪塑表皮的挥发损失率显著降低,同时表皮的热稳定性和抗热老化性能都得到改善。