激光选区熔化AlSi7Mg合金的微观组织和力学性能

利用激光选区熔化(Selective laser melting, SLM)成形技术对AlSi7Mg合金成形工艺进行研究,并对最佳工艺参数成形沉积态和热处理试样微观组织和力学性能进行分析。结果发现:沉积态试样抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率均明显高于铸态性能,横向试样分别达到435.78 MPa、299.23 MPa和14.36%。热处理对SLM试样的微观组织和力学性能影响很大,350℃、3 h退火工艺下,试样延伸率增加到30.83%,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别下降到210.35 MPa和152.01 MPa。本工作表明,可以通过改变工艺参数和热处理控制晶粒尺寸和形状,以获得所需微观组织和力学性能的合金。     

不同路径对电子束熔丝沉积304不锈钢组织与性能的影响

目的 采用电子束熔丝沉积方法进行打印,以获取具有高抗拉强度与高伸长率的304不锈钢。方法 以304不锈钢丝材为材料,当加速电压为60kV、聚焦电流为430m A、束流强度为22m A、成形速度为250 mm/min、送丝速度为1 400 mm/min时,在成形路径为“弓字形”和“交替弓字形”条件下打印不锈钢样品,在样品x、y、z 3个方向上截取试样,采用金相、扫描电镜、透射电镜及拉伸试验等分析手段,对试样的微观组织和力学性能进行研究。结果 在“弓字形”成形路径下,产品x方向试样的显微组织主要以等轴晶为主,而y方向试样的显微组织以相互平行的柱状晶为主;在“交替弓字形”成形路径下,产品微观组织主要是相互垂直的柱状晶,在z方向试样中出现了位错胞结构。在“交替弓字形”成形路径下,z方向试样具有最优的综合力学性能,其致密度为98.60%,抗拉强度为（1 344±14）MPa,屈服强度为（701±7）MPa,断后伸长率为（25±0.4）%。结论 在EBF打印304不锈钢样品中,选用“交替弓字形”成形路径能使不锈钢具有更高的致密度,可以提升抗拉强度和屈服强度。     

退火态激光选区熔化成形AlSi10Mg合金组织与力学性能

AlSi10Mg合金具有高比强度、高耐磨性等优良特点。由于其成分接近共晶点,成形性能良好,被广泛应用于激光选区熔化技术。然而其热处理制度仍然沿用传统铸态合金的热处理规范,影响了其性能的充分发挥。本工作采用激光选区熔化技术制备了AlSi10Mg合金,并研究了沉积态和后续热处理过程中组织演化规律及其对室温力学性能的影响机制。研究发现：沉积态组织由沿沉积方向生长的α-Al柱状枝晶及枝晶间网状Al-Si共晶组成,具有强烈的〈100〉方向织构,沉积层由三部分组成,分别是细晶区、粗晶区及热影响区,抗拉强度389.5 MPa,伸长率4%。退火过程中,共晶Si破碎、球化,基体中过饱和Si不断析出长大。当退火温度从200 ℃提高到500 ℃时,Si颗粒发生Ostwald熟化,平均尺寸增长了23倍。经过300 ℃和500 ℃退火处理后,试样抗拉强度分别为287.0 MPa和268.0 MPa,但伸长率分别提高到10.3%和17.2%。     

激光增材制造近β钛合金显微组织与力学性能研究

研究了激光沉积打印Ti55511钛合金的显微组织和室温拉伸性能,表征了打印态、热处理态Ti55511合金的晶粒形态及晶体学织构,分析了不同退火热处理温度对激光增材制造钛合金强塑性的影响。结果表明,原始打印态Ti55511钛合金由粗大的β晶粒组成,并且β晶粒以柱状晶和等轴晶两种类型的晶粒交替生长,呈现竹节状形态。在打印态Ti55511组织中,β基体析出的α片层提供了大量的界面,有效阻碍了位错运动,使合金具有高强度和低塑性。580℃退火热处理后,合金的屈服强度、抗拉强度变化不明显,伸长率有一定的提升。进一步提高退火温度至620℃后,合金的屈服强度、抗拉强度降低,但强度值依然大于1 000 MPa,同时伸长率大幅提升。因此,可通过退火热处理调控α晶粒的尺寸和体积分数,以提高合金的强塑性匹配。当应力平行于Z方向时,样品的屈服强度、抗拉强度略低于垂直于Z方向的,而伸长率显著高于应力垂直于Z方向的。     

CMT电弧增材制造GH4169合金的组织和拉伸性能

目的研究冷金属过渡CMT电弧增材制造GH4169合金单道多层薄壁试样的组织和拉伸性能。方法利用CMT增材制造成形系统进行GH4169合金的单壁墙增材制造试验,分析了成形薄壁试样的组织演化和力学性能,讨论了柱状晶组织的各向异性以及均匀化处理对合金力学性能的影响。结果成形试样的显微组织主要为γ相和共晶(γ+Laves)相,试样沿沉积方向具有[100]择优取向。枝晶组织随着沉积层数的增加变得粗大,枝晶间距变大且二次枝晶臂变小,Laves相的取向特征越明显。从底部区域到顶部区域,试样枝晶臂间距λ_1从13.76μm增大到23.27μm。沿柱状晶生长方向的抗拉强度最大,约为774 MPa;而沿电弧行走方向的抗拉强度随沉积层数的增加逐渐减小,断后伸长率逐渐增大,最大抗拉强度约为763MPa。1170℃固溶+时效处理后,原粗大柱状晶形成较小的多边形晶粒,成形试样组织的均匀性提高,沉积方向最大抗拉强度为1222 MPa,沿电弧行走方向最大抗拉强度为1085 MPa。结论 CMT增材制造GH4169合金组织特征与激光增材制造的试样基本一致,热处理前后CMT成形GH4169合金试样抗拉强度均小于激光立体成形,但伸长率更大。     

电子束选区熔化成形Ti_(2)AlNb合金微观组织与性能EI北大核心CSCD

Ti_(2)AlNb基合金由于具有优异的高温比强度、高温抗蠕变性能和较高的断裂韧度,因而被认为是替代传统镍基高温合金最具潜力的材料。采用电子束选区熔化(selective electron beam melting,SEBM)技术成形Ti-22Al-25Nb合金,通过工艺优化获得高致密度(5.42-5.43 g/cm^(3))的成形试样。研究了沉积态和热等静压(hot isostatic pressing,HIP)态试样的显微组织演变、物相演变及其对力学性能的影响。结果表明:沉积态和HIP态组织呈现出沿成形方向的柱状晶结构,且均由B2,O和α_(2)相组成,沉积态试样中的O/α_(2)相自上而下逐渐增加,HIP后组织趋于均匀化,且相对沉积态,析出相的宽度缩小、数量减少。沉积态试样中析出相较多的下部区域具有更高的显微硬度((345.87±5.09)HV),HIP后试样硬度值增加至388.91-390.48HV。沉积态试样室温抗拉强度和伸长率分别为(1061±23.71)MPa和(3.67±1.15)%,HIP后抗拉强度增加至(1101±23.07)MPa,伸长率降低至3.5%。     

热处理工艺对激光选区熔化AM247LC合金组织与性能的影响规律

目的 研究不同热处理制度对激光选区熔化（SLM）AM247LC合金微观组织和力学性能的影响规律。方法 对激光选区熔化制备的AM247LC合金分别进行900℃/16h的直接时效热处理和1 210℃/30 min+1 050℃/30min+950℃/16h的固溶时效热处理,通过OM、SEM、EBSD、XRD等表征手段研究合金热处理前后的晶粒组织、碳化物及析出相等微观组织的变化,并对打印态及不同热处理态样品的室温拉伸性能进行测试,以表征热处理对其力学性能的影响行为。结果 打印态AM247LC合金中存在大量粗大柱状晶和细小晶粒组织;直接时效热处理（900℃/16 h）后的AM247LC合金晶粒组织与打印态类似,但析出了大量γ’强化相;固溶时效热处理（1 210℃/30 min+1 050℃/30 min+950℃/16 h）后,AM247LC合金发生了再结晶,形成大量退火孪晶,并且析出沿晶界分布非连续的微米级碳化物及大量γ’强化相。合金打印态的屈服强度为846.5 MPa,断裂伸长率可达19.6%;直接时效热处理后,合金屈服强度为1 042.8 MPa,断裂伸长率明显降低,仅为11.2%;固溶...     

超声辅助CMT电弧增材制造TC4钛合金微观组织和力学性能研究

目的研究超声辅助对CMT电弧增材制造钛合金TC4微观组织及力学性能的影响。方法 CMT增材制造TC4钛合金的同时利用超声辅助设备进行振动辅助,采用不同的振动功率和不同的振动位置对增材后的TC4力学性能和微观组织进行对比分析。结果 600 W超声辅助振动基板时的钛合金试样成形美观,力学性能优异。水平方向上,抗拉强度平均值为952.7 MPa,伸长率平均值为7.46%;垂直方向上,抗拉强度平均值为905.83 MPa,伸长率平均值为11.03%,相较未施加超声振动增材试样的力学性能有明显提高。结论超声辅助的引入有效提高了熔池的深宽比,加快了熔池冷却速度,柱状晶尺寸也明显减小,针状马氏体数量增多,得到的钛合金力学性能和微观组织均良好。     

轧制处理对AlCrFe2Ni2高熵合金组织与力学性能的影响

目的 为了设计出成本低、性能优异的AlCrFe2Ni2高熵合金,并探究轧制处理对该合金微观组织与力学性能的影响。方法 使用真空电弧熔炼炉熔炼AlCrFe2Ni2合金样品,采用冷轧的方式进行塑性加工,轧制总下压量为60%,结合相图计算、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等分析测试方法研究AlCrFeNi合金体系的相形成规律,以及合金变形前后微观组织、力学性能的变化情况。结果 铸态和冷轧态的AlCrFe2Ni2高熵合金由FCC_A1主相和BCC相构成,BCC区域由编织状的BCC_A2相和BCC_B2相构成。铸态下的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为681 MPa和1 208 MPa。冷轧后的合金样品硬度和拉伸强度明显提高,经60%下压量的冷轧变形后,合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别提升到1 433 MPa和1 620 MPa,但伸长率由铸态的9.5%下降到轧态的2.0%。结论 相组成参数计算结合相图计算(CALPHAD)能够有效预测合金的相组成,轧制处理能够有效改善合金的力学性能。     

热处理工艺对黏结剂喷射3D打印17−4PH不锈钢微观组织与性能的影响

目的 探究热处理工艺对黏结剂喷射3D打印17?4PH不锈钢样品微观组织、力学性能及电化学腐蚀性能的影响规律,为BJ3DP技术制备综合性能良好的17?4PH不锈钢零件提供参考。方法 基于黏结剂喷射3D打印技术制备17?4PH不锈钢生坯,并将其固化、脱脂、烧结,得到烧结态样品,然后对烧结态样品进行热处理,热处理工艺为在1 040 ℃固溶热处理2 h,随后分别在410、480、550 ℃下热处理3 h后空冷至室温。对烧结态和热处理态样品进行金相试验、单向拉伸试验以及电化学腐蚀试验。 结果 经热处理后,试样在480 ℃时效热处理3 h时力学性能提升最为显著,其屈服强度由608 MPa提升至806 MPa,抗拉强度由1 159 MPa提升至1 245 MPa,伸长率由3.6%提升至13.6%。当时效热处理温度提升至550 ℃时,由于沉淀相的粗化,其力学性能有所下降;同时,电化学腐蚀性能中腐蚀电流密度(Jcorr)减小,腐蚀电位(Ecorr)增大,电荷转移电阻(Rct)增大,出现明显的钝化区。结论 黏结剂喷射3D打印17?4PH不锈钢经热处理后力学性能得到提升,试样在480 ℃时效热处理3 h时力学性能提升最为显著,优于商用热轧17?4PH不锈钢,电化学腐蚀性能与商用热轧17?4PH不锈钢电化学腐蚀性能水平相当。     

激光选区熔化成形原位自生TiB2/Al-Si复合材料的微观组织和力学性能

利用激光选区熔化（SLM）技术制备了原位自生TiB₂纳米陶瓷颗粒增强Al-Si基复合材料,并对成形后的TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料进行不同的热处理。通过XRD物相分析、SEM微观组织观察、电子背散射衍射（EBSD）、EDS元素扫描分析和力学拉伸试验等对TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料的微观组织进行观察和力学性能测试。研究表明,在原位自生TiB₂纳米陶瓷颗粒和SLM快速凝固特性的共同作用下,SLM成形的原位自生TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料具有超细晶结构,平均晶粒尺寸为1.1 μm;TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料的力学性能优异,屈服强度为262 MPa,抗拉强度为435 MPa,延伸率为11.88%。对比经不同热处理的TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料,直接时效处理（150℃/12 h）的TiB₂/Al-Si复合材料性能最优,抗拉强度达到488 MPa,提高了53 MPa,延伸率降低至7.2%。     

A high strength and ductility Mg–Zn–Al–Cu–Mn magnesium alloy

A high strength Mg–8.0Zn–1.0Al–0.5Cu–0.5Mn (wt.%) magnesium alloy with outstanding ductility was developed using a common casting technique and heat treatment. The microstructure of the as-cast alloy is composed of α-Mg, MgZn, MgZnCu and Al–Mn phases. After the solution treatment and subsequent two-step aging treatment, the yield strength (YS), ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation of the alloy at peak hardness reach 228 MPa, 328 MPa and 16.0% at room temperature, respectively. The comprehensive mechanical properties of the alloy are superior to almost all other high performance casting Mg alloys.     

Effect of addition of Al-Si eutectic alloy on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-12wt%Li alloy

Mg-12Li, Mg-12Li-3(Al-Si), Mg-12Li-7(Al-Si) and Mg-12Li-9(Al-Si) alloys (all in wt%) were fabricated by high frequency vacuum induction melting in a water cooled copper crucible. After subsequently hot-rolling and annealing, their microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. Experimental results show that mechanical properties of Mg-12Li alloy were significantly improved by the addition of Al-Si eutectic alloy. Mg-12Li-7(Al-Si) alloy shows the highest strength of 196 MPa of the investigated alloys, which is about 1.8 times of the strength of Mg-12Li alloy, and maintains high elongation of 27%. The improved mechanical property with addition of Al and Si in the eutectic proportion into Mg-12Li alloy was attributed to the solution strengthening effect of Al and precipitation hardening effect from AlLi and Mg₂Si precipitates.     

等径道角挤压制备高力学性能细晶Mg-6Al合金

为了制备高力学性能细晶Mg-6Al合金坯料,采用金相显微镜、材料拉伸实验机等手段对Mg-6Al合金铸坯进行等径道角挤压实验研究.并利用热处理工艺对挤压后材料进行处理,研究热处理工艺参数对材料力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,Mg-6Al合金的铸坯的抗拉强度为196.4MPa,延伸率为12.6%.经过等径道角挤压的Mg-6Al合金坯料的晶粒被大大细化,其晶粒尺寸由铸坯的140μm左右细化到8μm左右.其力学性能有很大提高,抗拉强度由196.4MPa提高到308.2MPa;延伸率由12.6%提高到30.6%.等径道角挤压工艺是一种非常好的制备高力学性能、细晶Mg-6Al合金的工艺方法.固溶和人工时效热处理工艺对等径道角挤压的Mg-6Al合金坯料的强度有较大影响,对延伸率影响较小.     

Microstructure and mechanical property of high strength Mg–Sn–Zn–Al alloys

This paper aims to reveal the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and hot-rolled Mg–Sn–Zn–Al based alloys. Three alloys, Mg–5Sn–2Zn (TZ52), Mg–5Sn–2Zn–2Al (TAZ522) and Mg–5Sn–5Al–1Zn–0.2Mn (TAZM5510) alloys were studied. The results revealed that the as-cast alloys showed fine dendritic structures. The TAZM5510 alloys exhibited moderate yield strength of 98?MPa with good elongation of ～15%, which was comparable to several commercially used Mg die-castings. Mechanical properties were significantly improved after multi-pass rolling. The TZ52 sheet showed a high yield strength of 277?MPa with excellent ductility exceeding 30%, and the TAZM5510 sheet exhibited the highest tensile strength of 386?MPa while keeping desirable elongation of 16.6%. These sheets are termed as strong and ductile Mg–Sn–Zn–Al wrought alloys.     

Semi‐Solid Processing of Tailored Aluminium‐Lithium Alloys for Automotive Applications

This paper describes the development and evaluation of thixoformable Al‐Li‐Mg‐based alloys performed at the collaborative research center SFB 289, RWTH Aachen. Scandium and zirconium were added to AlLi2.1Mg5.5 (A1420) with the aid of DoE (Design of Experiments), and precursor billets were manufactured by pressure induction melting (PIM). To evaluate the thixoformability of the synthesized alloys semi‐solid processed connecting rods were manufactured by the rheo container process (RCP). Subsequent heat treatment raised the mechanical properties to maximum values of tensile strength, 430 MPa, yield strength of 250 MPa, and an elongation to fracture of 13 %. The RCP process was designed for the special requirements of highly reactive alloys. The paper presents the remarkable property and process benefits of the semi‐solid processing of Al‐Li alloys.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–8Li–xAl–0.5Ca alloys

The effect of the Al content on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of Mg–8Li–xAl–0.5Ca alloys is investigated. The experimental results show that an as-cast Mg–8Li–0.5Ca alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg, β-Li and granular Mg₂Ca phases. With the addition of Al, the amount of α-Mg phase first increases and then decreases. In addition, the intermetallic compounds also obviously change. The microstructure of the test alloys is refined due to dynamic recrystallisation that occurs during extrusion. The mechanical properties of extruded alloys are much more desirable than the properties of as-cast alloys. The as-extruded Mg–8Li–6Al–0.5Ca alloy exhibits good comprehensive mechanical properties with an ultimate tensile strength of 251.2?MPa, a yield strength of 220.6?MPa and an elongation of 23.5%.     

Effect of 1.5 wt% tin addition on the properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy

In this paper, 1.5 wt%Sn was added to the AZ31 magnesium alloy aiming at improving the mechanical properties by using a low cost alloying element. Both alloys were prepared in the cast/heat treated (HT), rolled at 350 °C, rolled/heat treated at 400 °C and extruded at 350 °C. The results indicate that with addition of tin an improvement was obtained in both tensile strength and ductility of the AZ31 alloy in the cast/heat treated and in the extruded conditions. The yield and ultimate tensile strengths reached 98 MPa and 224 MPa respectively with 14 % elongation in the cast/heat treated condition while in the extruded condition these values were 212 MPa and 286 MPa with 20 % elongation. The tensile strength was even higher after rolling reaching 315 MPa for AZ31 with tin addition; however, as the material temperature during the last passes has decreased to relatively low values, the % elongation decreased to 1 %. After heat treatment at 400 °C for 2 hours the % elongation was restored and reached 12 %; this was accompanied by a decrease in tensile strength which reached 276 MPa. The results are discussed in relation to the microstructure evolution including grain size, phase identification, and volume fraction of phases.     

原位自生TiB2/Al-4.5Cu复合材料微观组织和力学性能

采用混合盐反应法制备TiB2含量分别为0%,2%,5%,8%(质量分数,下同)的TiB2/Al-4.5Cu复合材料,T6热处理后,采用XRD,ICP,OM,SEM,EDS等测试手段和室温拉伸实验进行微观组织观察和力学性能测试。XRD和ICP测试证实,合金体系中仅含α-Al,Al2Cu及TiB2,无Al3Ti,Al2B等反应中间产物。OM和SEM发现,基体材料中α-Al平均晶粒尺寸为167.5μm,而在2%,5%,8%的TiB2/Al-4.5Cu中,其平均晶粒尺寸依次为110.4,87.2,75.2μm,晶粒细化效果显著。TEM观察发现,TiB2颗粒主要分布在晶界处,呈四方和六方结构。室温拉伸实验表明,随着TiB2含量的增加,强度、显微硬度值均呈增加趋势,但伸长率不断下降。当加入8%TiB2时,屈服强度、抗拉强度、弹性模量和显微硬度分别达到356 MPa,416 MPa,92.5GPa和96.5HV,但其伸长率从10.3%降低到4.3%。载荷传递强化、细晶强化、位错增殖强化是TiB2/Al-4.5Cu复合材料力学性能得以大幅提升的影响因素,尤其是在位错增殖强化作用下,TiB2颗粒周边致密分布的位错胞、位错环对强度的提升起到了决定性作用。