面向云计算的多虚拟机管理模型的设计

提出基于P2P结构的多虚拟机管理模型,并实现其原型系统。采用P2P结构组织宿主机节点,利用组播实现资源发现;提出虚拟机动态迁移算法,自主触发节点间虚拟机动态迁移;利用选举的根节点映射云计算用户请求至宿主机,实现节点上虚拟机的按需创建、删除及停止等操作。实验表明:该模型具有收敛时间短、带宽占用率低及高可用性的特点,能够实现云计算资源的动态负载均衡。     

基于虚拟机动态迁移的负载均衡策略

针对数据中心由于异构节点资源利用率不均衡导致的负载均衡问题,本文提出了一种基于动态阈值的迁移时机判决算法与基于负载类型感知的选择算法相结合的虚拟机动态迁移选择策略.该策略先通过监控全局负载度与高低负载节点占比动态调整状态阈值,并结合负载评估值判断迁移时机;再分析虚拟机负载类型,依据虚拟机与节点资源的依赖度、虚拟机当前内存带宽比和虚拟机贡献度选择待迁移虚拟机,并根据虚拟机与目的节点的资源匹配度与迁移代价选择目的节点,实现对高负载与低负载节点的虚拟机动态调整,从而优化节点资源配置问题.实验结果表明,该策略可以有效减少虚拟机迁移次数并保证数据中心服务质量,最终改善数据中心的负载均衡能力.     

一种基于CPU负载平均的负载均衡算法

与传统分布式集群环境迁移进程不同,虚拟计算环境下的迁移实体是虚拟机,文章针对虚拟机粒度较大的特性,提出了一种基于虚拟机迁移的负载均衡算法。该方法用CPU预测技术避免呈下降趋势时发生不必要迁移。文章的算法采用全局平均的负载均衡策略,只有当负载差值大于一定值才触发迁移。     

基于负载特征的虚拟机迁移调度策略

为提高虚拟机迁移时的资源利用率及服务可用性,提出一种基于负载特征的虚拟机迁移调度策略。针对节点的触发类型和虚拟机的负载特征,采用多阈值方式触发迁移,完成对拟迁移的虚拟机以及迁移目标节点的选择。实验结果表明,该策略能够实现虚拟机迁移的自主管理,并能提升资源的使用效率,具有较好的自适应性。     

一种云平台中优化的虚拟机部署机制

传统虚拟机部署机制通常单一地依据宿主机当前的CPU状况来选择目标宿主机,从而引起负载不均衡。针对该问题,提出一种云平台中优化的虚拟机部署机制。建立宿主机自动选择模型,给出基于个性需求的宿主机自动选择策略,对宿主机后续负载状况进行预测,估算虚拟机的资源消耗。实验结果表明,该机制能在满足用户需求的基础上提高系统性能。     

云计算环境下基于并行计算熵的负载均衡算法

针对云计算环境下大量并行任务运行所导致的某些节点负载过重,从而引起整个系统负载不均和效率低下的问题,提出了一种基于并行计算熵的资源负载均衡算法;首先,描述了云计算虚拟机部署原理并给出了适合云计算环境和异构集群的并行计算熵的计算方式,然后,定义了在系统并行计算熵低于阈值时迁移的源物理节点、迁移虚拟机和迁移目标物理节点的确定方式;最后,定义了基于并行计算熵的负载均衡算法;采用CloudSim云计算仿真工具对文中方法进行仿真实验,结果表明文中方法较其它方法的平均负载均衡度约低21.8%,具有较低的任务平均响应时间、合理的资源利用率和较小的负载均衡度,具有较大的优越性。     

基于迁移技术的云资源动态调度策略研究

现有云资源管理平台存在着瞬时资源利用率峰值易引发迁移、动态负载效果不佳等问题。依据云资源动态调度模型,提出了有效的基于迁移技术的虚拟机动态调度算法。算法将物理节点负载与虚拟机迁移损耗评估、多次触发控制、目标节点定位三者有机结合,实现云计算数据中心高效的动态负载均衡。实验结果表明,该算法优于CloudSim的DVFS调度策略,在保证应用服务水平的同时能减少虚拟机迁移次数和物理机启用数量。     

云环境下面向能耗降低的资源负载均衡方法

为降低大规模云数据中心的能量消耗,并在一定程度上实现资源负载均衡,提出一种基于虚拟机迁移的方法LBES。该方法综合考虑多种资源负载情况以及群聚冲突等问题,对虚拟机迁移过程的3个关键步骤进行分析,给出相应的策略,并在云模拟器中得到实现。实验结果表明,在物理节点负载分布严重不平衡的情况下,该方法比其他算法的性能更优。     

基于遗传算法的云计算资源调度策略研究

对云计算环境中的资源调度问题进行了研究,鉴于当前云计算环境中资源利用率不高,节点负载不均衡的问题,提出了一种新的基于遗传算法的关于虚拟机负载均衡的调度策略;根据历史数据和系统的当前状态以及通过遗传算法,该策略能够达到最佳负载均衡和减少或避免动态迁移,同时还引入了平均负载来衡量该算法的全局负载均衡效果;最后通过在CloudSim平台进行仿真实验,结果表明,该策略具有相当好的全局收敛性和效率,当系统虚拟机被调度之后,算法在很大程度上能够解决负载不均衡和高迁移成本问题,并且极大地提高了资源利用率.     

基于层次分析法权重和灰色服务器负载预测的云计算on-line迁移策略

为了克服云计算环境下由于实时用户任务的不确定性到来和服务器性能差异而导致的云计算环境的负载不均衡问题,提出了一种层次分析法权重获取和灰度算法预测服务器负载的云计算on-line虚拟机迁移策略;首先,设计了基于层次分析法(AHP)和灰色服务器预测的虚拟机on-line迁移模型,提出了采用层次分析法获取虚拟机各资源需求权重,然后,采用灰色模型预测下一时刻的服务器负载,采用此权值向量与各无需迁移的服务器的空闲资源向量进行加权得到加权和,将具有最小加权和的物理服务器作为迁移的目标宿主机;最后,定义了基于层次分析法权重和灰色服务器负载预测的云计算on-line迁移算法;在CloudSim环境下进行实验,结果表明文中的迁移策略使得云计算在响应用户任务时,具有任务失败次数少、SLA违约率低和迁移成功率高的优点,同时与其它方法相比,具有负载均衡程度高的优点,具有较强的可行性。     

An Efficient On-Demand Virtual Machine Migration in Cloud Using Common Deployment Model

Cloud Computing provides various services to the customer in a flexible and reliable manner. Virtual Machines (VM) are created from physical resources of the data center for handling huge number of requests as a task. These tasks are executed in the VM at the data center which needs excess hosts for satisfying the customer request. The VM migration solves this problem by migrating the VM from one host to another host and makes the resources available at any time. This process is carried out based on various algorithms which follow a predefined capacity of source VM leads to the capacity issue at the destination VM. The proposed VM migration technique performs the migration process based on the request of the requesting host machine. This technique can perform in three ways namely single VM migration, Multiple VM migration and Cluster VM migration. Common Deployment Manager (CDM) is used to support through negotiation that happens across the source host and destination host for providing the high quality service to their customer. The VM migration requests are handled with an exposure of the source host capabilities. The proposed analysis also uses the retired instructions with execution by the hypervisor to achieve high reliability. The objective of the proposed technique is to perform a VM migration process based on the prior knowledge of the resource availability in the target VM.     

DDBS:云数据中心基于数据依赖的虚拟机选择策略

提出了一种云数据中心基于数据依赖的虚拟机选择算法DDBS(data dependency based VM selection).参考Cloudsim项目中方法,将虚拟机迁移过程划分为虚拟机选择操作(VM selection)和虚拟机放置(VM placement)操作.DDBS在虚拟机选择过程中考虑虚拟机之间的数据依赖关系,把选择与迁移代价值比较小的虚拟机形成侯选虚拟机列表,配合后续的虚拟机放置策略最终完成虚拟机的迁移过程.以Cloudsim云计算模拟器中的虚拟机选择及放置策略作为性能比较对象.实验结果表明:DDBS与Cloudsim中已有能量感知的算法比较起来,在虚拟机迁移次数和能量消耗方面都比较少,可用性比较高.     

基于LP&GR算法的多优先级虚拟机迁移策略研究*

如何对云计算中心的虚拟机(Virtual machine,VM)资源进行合理分配是近年来研究的一个热点问题。针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于负载预测和灰色关联度(Load Prediction and Gray Relational,LP&GR)的虚拟机资源分配算法,通过预测虚拟机的负载状态防止虚拟机发生过载,并建立了基于虚拟机负载评价函数的决策分配模型。同时为虚拟机的迁移队列设置了多个优先级,结合了抢占式与非抢占式的执行策略,保证了虚拟机的有序迁移,并提高资源利用率。实验结果表明,结合多优先级的LP&GR算法同比其他算法能够有效实现云中心的负载均衡。     

Virtual machine selection and placement for dynamic consolidation in Cloud computing environment

Dynamic consolidation of virtual machines (VMs) in a data center is an effective way to reduce the energy consumption and improve physical resource utilization. Determining which VMs should be migrated from an overloaded host directly influences the VM migration time and increases energy consumption for the whole data center, and can cause the service level of agreement (SLA), delivered by providers and users, to be violated. So when designing a VM selection policy, we not only consider CPU utilization, but also define a variable that represents the degree of resource satisfaction to select the VMs. In addition, we propose a novel VM placement policy that prefers placing a migratable VM on a host that has the minimum correlation coefficient. The bigger correlation coefficient a host has, the greater the influence will be on VMs located on that host after the migration. Using CloudSim, we run simulations whose results let draw us to conclude that the policies we propose in this paper perform better than existing policies in terms of energy consumption, VM migration time, and SLA violation percentage.     

A thermal-aware VM consolidation mechanism with outage avoidance

Efficient energy and temperature management techniques are essential elements for operators of cloud data centers. Dynamic virtual machine (VM) consolidation using live migration techniques presents a great opportunity for cloud service providers to adaptively reduce energy consumption and optimize their resource utilization. In recent studies, power consumption readings of individual physical hosts were chosen as the main monitoring parameters in their allocation policies, whereas very few have considered host temperature, which has shown to have a negative impact on server reliability, as a migration criterion. In this work, a thermal-aware VM consolidation mechanism is proposed for resource allocation optimization and server reliability assurance. We consider the variability in host temperature as a migration criterion to avoid outage incidents via having better VM consolidations. Extensive simulation results obtained from CloudSim show the promising performance of the proposed mechanism in energy saving while reducing the number of server outage incidents due to fluctuations in host temperature.     

基于阈值滑动窗口机制的虚拟机迁移判决算法

数据中心是云计算中数据运算、交换、存储的中心。近年来以虚拟机为粒度的虚拟机放置管理成为云数据中心能耗管理、实现动态可伸缩资源提供的重要支撑技术。在虚拟机放置的动态管理阶段,虚拟机迁移触发机制主要是根据物理主机中资源利用率的变化情况,决定是否需要将虚拟机迁移到其它主机。迁移时机判决准确能够有效地平衡过热点并关掉过冷点。当前的迁移时机缺乏对整个数据中心负载变化行为趋势的反映,也因为静态的阈值设定容易发生频繁的迁移,造成不必要的迁移代价和传输开销。提出了基于阈值滑动窗口机制的虚拟机迁移判决算法(iWnd),其能够根据整个数据中心任务量的多少动态调整高低阈值间窗口的大小,减少了任务量满负荷时期需要迁移虚拟机的数量,从而避免不必要的迁移开销和传输代价,有效地实现节能。在云计算平台Cloudsim上进行了仿真实验。结果表明,提出的iWnd算法在减少虚拟机迁移数量、降低迁移失败率上有良好的效果,同时并未产生过多额外的功耗。     

基于自适应过载阈值选择的虚拟机动态整合方法

针对云环境下动态工作负载的不确定性,提出了基于自适应过载阈值选择的虚拟机动态整合方法。为了权衡数据中心能源有效性与服务质量间的关系,将自适应过载阈值的选择问题建模为马尔可夫决策过程,计算过载阈值的最优选择策略,并根据系统能效和服务质量调整阈值。通过过载阈值检测过载物理主机,然后根据最小迁移时间原则以及最小能耗增加放置原则确定虚拟机的迁移策略,最后切换轻负载物理主机至休眠状态完成虚拟机整合。仿真实验结果表明,所提出的方法在减少虚拟机迁移次数方面效果显著,在节约数据中心能源开销与保证服务质量方面表现良好,在能源的有效性与云服务质量二者之间取得了比较理想的平衡。     

基于预拷贝的虚拟机动态内存迁移机制改进

针对内存预拷贝过程中迁移时间较长和内存页反复重传的特点,改进传统的内存动态迁移机制,引入马尔科夫预测模型,提出基于脏页概率预测的工作集测定算法.利用脏页的历史操作访问情况预测其下一轮迭代被修改的概率,只传输预测概率较低的页.实验结果表明,该算法缩短了迁移总时间和停机时间,能有效支持虚拟机动态迁移.     

Bayes Theorem Based Virtual Machine Scheduling for Optimal Energy Consumption

This paper proposes an algorithm for scheduling Virtual Machines (VM) with energy saving strategies in the physical servers of cloud data centers. Energy saving strategy along with a solution for productive resource utilization for VM deployment in cloud data centers is modeled by a combination of “Virtual Machine Scheduling using Bayes Theorem” algorithm (VMSBT) and Virtual Machine Migration (VMMIG) algorithm. It is shown that the overall data center’s consumption of energy is minimized with a combination of VMSBT algorithm and Virtual Machine Migration (VMMIG) algorithm. Virtual machine migration between the active physical servers in the data center is carried out at periodical intervals as and when a physical server is identified to be under-utilized. In VM scheduling, the optimal data centers are clustered using Bayes Theorem and VMs are scheduled to appropriate data center using the selection policy that identifies the cluster with lesser energy consumption. Clustering using Bayes rule minimizes the number of server choices for the selection policy. Application of Bayes theorem in clustering has enabled the proposed VMSBT algorithm to schedule the virtual machines on to the physical server with minimal execution time. The proposed algorithm is compared with other energy aware VM allocations algorithms viz. “Ant-Colony” optimization-based (ACO) allocation scheme and “min-min” scheduling algorithm. The experimental simulation results prove that the proposed combination of ‘VMSBT’ and ‘VMMIG’ algorithm outperforms other two strategies and is highly effective in scheduling VMs with reduced energy consumption by utilizing the existing resources productively and by minimizing the number of active servers at any given point of time.