挤出裂解工艺对聚乙烯蜡性能的影响

以单螺杆挤出机为裂解设备,聚乙烯951-050及2426 H为裂解原料,制备了聚乙烯蜡(PEW)产品,研究了聚乙烯蜡黏均分子量和熔点随螺杆的转速、裂解温度的变化规律,分析了氮气保护以及冷却工艺对聚乙烯蜡性能的影响。结果表明,聚乙烯蜡的熔点和黏均分子量均随着螺杆转速的增加而增加,随着裂解温度的增加而降低。在较高的螺杆转速内,裂解温度对聚乙烯蜡产物熔点的变化影响较小。当空气存在的条件下,聚乙烯裂解程度加深,产物颜色加深;相对于自然冷却法,聚乙烯蜡喷粉法降低了聚乙烯蜡的结晶能力,使聚乙烯蜡熔点降低。     

聚乙烯蜡制备装置及工艺研究进展

综述了聚乙烯蜡的性能及其制备方法和生产装置的研究进展,具体概括了聚乙烯蜡的性能表征,阐述了国内外制备聚乙烯蜡产品工艺的研究现状,主要包括聚合工艺及热裂解和催化裂解等工艺;并叙述了反应釜、管式、挤出机等现有生产装置,提出了今后聚乙烯蜡制备技术和研究的发展方向。     

溶剂辅助聚乙烯废塑料裂解制聚乙烯蜡

采用溶剂辅助裂解方法来提高聚乙烯(PE)废塑料裂解制聚乙烯蜡的收率,同时对产品质量加以改善。通过筛选得出最佳溶剂及其加入量,考察了裂解温度和时间对产物收率的影响并对产物进行结构分析。结果表明,加入质量分数10%的混合二甲苯,在反应温度425℃和15 min裂解条件下,得到聚乙烯蜡,产物收率为87.88%;加入混合二甲苯不会改变聚乙烯蜡分子结构,不会残留在产物中;裂解产物熔点约为97.8℃,粘均相对分子质量为1 264.6。     

行知合一,实干创新——专访南京天诗新材料科技有限公司于天诗董事长

本刊:于总,请您简单介绍下自己和天诗公司. 于总:我1989年创立辽宁昌图橡塑材料厂,主要从事PE母料的开发和生产,从那时候起开始研究聚乙烯蜡,研究聚乙烯蜡的裂解法生产技术、氧化技术、改性技术,聚乙烯蜡的提纯和精制方法.2000年前后受聘于齐齐哈尔大学材料研究所,对外转让聚乙烯蜡生产技术.2003年开始探索用超临界CO2喷雾法生产微粉蜡,自己设计了专门的工艺和设备,后来成立南京天诗实验微粉有限公司,向涂料油墨、塑料橡胶行业推广这种新产品,我们的微粉蜡市场占有率全国数一数二.     

压力反应釜中低温热裂解废旧LLDPE塑料制备PE蜡

以废旧线性低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）为原料,采用压力反应釜在封闭条件下通过热裂解方法制备聚乙烯蜡（PE蜡）,研究了裂解时间、温度和压力对产物的产率、分子量和滴熔点的影响,并通过红外光谱对产物的官能团进行了分析。实验结果表明,在裂解时间为15~60 min,裂解温度约为260℃的条件下,LLDPE裂解所得到的PE蜡性能较佳,其主要成分为直链烷烃和烯烃,滴熔点大于100℃,黏均分子量处于1400~4700;由动力学分析可知,由于封闭反应体系增加了反应压力,降低了裂解温度和活化能,促进了LLDPE裂解反应进行,同时抑制了气体分子的产生,有利于获得PE蜡。     

压力反应釜中低温热裂解废旧LLDPE塑料制备PE蜡

以废旧线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)为原料,采用压力反应釜在封闭条件下通过热裂解方法制备聚乙烯蜡(PE蜡),研究了裂解时间、温度和压力对产物的产率、分子量和滴熔点的影响,并通过红外光谱对产物的官能团进行了分析。实验结果表明,在裂解时间为15～60 min,裂解温度约为260℃的条件下,LLDPE裂解所得到的PE蜡性能较佳,其主要成分为直链烷烃和烯烃,滴熔点大于100℃,黏均分子量处于1400～4700;由动力学分析可知,由于封闭反应体系增加了反应压力,降低了裂解温度和活化能,促进了LLDPE裂解反应进行,同时抑制了气体分子的产生,有利于获得PE蜡。     

PE废塑料溶剂裂解制备聚乙烯蜡

本文以废旧聚乙烯为原料,在溶剂水的作用下进行裂解制备聚乙烯蜡。实验过程中考察了温度、时间及溶剂加入量对产品性能的影响。结果表明:随裂解温度的升高和反应时间的延长都使得反应体系获得了更高的能量,容易使PE大分子发生断链从而得到低分子量PE,从而使产物收率逐渐降低,粘均分子量减少,熔程也随之下降。溶剂加入量对产品性质也有一定影响。当裂解温度为370℃,反应时间60min,溶剂加入量占原料总质量50%时,得到灰白色的聚乙烯蜡,其熔程在104~110℃之间,酸值为0.0143mg·g-1,粘均分子量为3426.4,且具有较高的热稳定性。通过溶剂裂解制得的聚乙烯蜡具有一定的工业应用前景。     

废旧聚乙烯催化降解制备聚乙烯蜡

以废旧聚乙烯为原料,Al-MCM-48为催化剂,在高压釜内催化裂解制备聚乙烯蜡。用红外光谱对产品进行了分析,讨论了催化剂、反应温度和时间对产品的影响。实验结果表明:裂解的适宜加工条件为,催化剂含量0.3%,反应温度360~380℃,反应时间4h。在适宜的加工条件下,所得聚乙烯蜡产品为黄色,分子量在1300~1800之间滴,熔点约为106℃,针入度约为0.17mm。     

高压聚乙烯装置返回乙烯分离、过滤改造

分析了高压聚乙烯装蛊返回乙烯管线堵塞和裂解压缩机震动原因,通过对返回乙烯夹带油、蜡等组分分析和分离技术的研究,阐述了LDPE装置返回乙烯分离精度要求,选用了四种分离技术和设施,对返回乙烯系统进行了彻底分离,从而保证了高压聚乙烯装置和裂解压缩机的长周期运行。     

单螺杆挤出机高温裂解聚乙烯制备聚乙烯蜡研究

以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)作为裂解原料,采用单螺杆挤出机作为裂解反应器制备聚乙烯蜡(PEW)产品,研究螺杆转速和裂解温度对原料裂解所得产品性能的影响。结果表明,在挤出机裂解温度420℃、螺杆转速为10 r/min条件下,HDPE裂解所得PEW产品的性能较佳,其黏均摩尔质量为3 732 g/mol,熔点为125.5℃。此外,相同裂解工艺下,LDPE裂解所得产品较HDPE裂解所得产品的黏均摩尔质量和熔点较低,且产品的摩尔质量分布宽。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。