多模光纤布里渊散射效应研究进展

面对人们日益增长的光纤传感需求,多模光纤的容量优势为解决单模光纤的容量壁垒、实现高精度的多参量光纤传感测量提供了新思路。理论分析了多模光纤的模式特性,综述了多模光纤模式耦合及偏振的研究进展,重点介绍了多模光纤中布里渊散射的阈值、增益谱和布里渊频移的国内外发展动态,分析了未来光纤传感的发展方向。     

掺镱多模双包层光纤激光器弯曲选模研究

为了使大芯径多模双包层光纤激光器实现基模输出以抑制高功率双层光纤激光器中的非线性效应,采用将大芯径的多模双包层光纤适当弯曲进行选模使双包层光纤激光器获得单模激光输出的方法,进行了理论分析和实验验证,取得了大芯径多模双包层光纤内包层折射率、纤芯半径、光纤内传输信号光波长、光纤弯曲半径等因素对弯曲损耗及激光器输出光场模式影响的数据,并采用国产掺镱多模双包层光纤进行了弯曲选模实验,实现了多模光纤激光器的单模输出.结果表明,激光器最大输出功率达9W,斜率效率达17.3%,输出为基模.这一结果对大芯径多模双包层光纤激光器的选模是有帮助的.     

LPFG带通滤波器的芯模阻隔器设计与制作

为有效地阻挡长周期光纤光栅（LPFG）器件芯模,实现包层模提取技术,提出了利用磁流变液实现芯模阻隔（CMB）的新方法。从模式耦合理论出发,基于LPFG的单多模级联网络结构,分析了LP01模和HE13包层模与多模光纤（MMF）耦合效率随CMB器芯径的变化规律,并对CMB器尺寸进行了优化设计。根据理论分析结果,将磁流变液注...     

Determination of mode power distribution in a parabolic-index optical fibers: Theory and application

A novel measurement method for determining mode power distribution in a multimode parabolic-index fiber is developed. Using this method, the mode power distributions are obtained in terms of the principal mode number by numerically processing the measured Fraunhofer diffraction patterns of the near-field patterns on an output fiber endface. As an example, differential mode attenuation of a multimode parabolic-index fiber is measured. It is confirmed experimentally that the method is practically applicable to the mode power distribution measurements in a parabolic-index fiber.     

Propagation of the fundamental mode in curved graded indexmultimode fiber and its application in sensor systems

A novel principle of light transmission through very small radius bend in optical fibers is presented. The potential applications of the proposed structure are fiber optic sensors and other fiber optic systems. The design makes use of graded index multimode fiber as transmission medium. However, the feed to the multimode fiber is through a single mode fiber to ensure that only the lowest order spatial mode is launched. Similarly the receiver is also coupled to the sensing element through a single mode fiber. The fundamental mode within graded index multimode fiber proves to be very insensitive to macrobends if bend radius is larger than certain critical value. If bend radius is reduced below critical value the loss increases very rapidly and this allows for construction of relatively sensitive macrobend fiber optic sensor. This work presents a quantitative theoretical model of the proposed structure and a detailed experimental investigation of structure with possibilities for its practical applications     

Bragg gratings in multimode and few-mode optical fibers

Bragg gratings in optical fibers in multimode propagation are investigated experimentally and theoretically. Bragg gratings formed in optical fibers in multimode propagation show multiple reflection peaks or multiple transmission dips in the reflection or transmission spectra, respectively. For standard graded-index multimode fiber, the number of reflection peaks of a Bragg grating depends on excitation condition of propagating modes. The number of reflection peaks of a Bragg grating at around 1.55 μm is 19 for highly multimode excitation and 3-4 for lower order mode excitation. We analyze the phase-matching conditions of the propagating modes and identify half of the reflection peaks as the reflection to the same mode and the rest as the reflection to the neighboring modes. In dispersion-shifted fiber, a Bragg grating at around 0.8 μm in three-mode propagation shows three reflection peaks in the reflection spectrum. The temperature dependence of each reflection peak is similar to that of a conventional Bragg grating in single-mode fiber. Polarization dependence measured on a Bragg grating in multimode graded-index fiber is negligible. An advantage of Bragg gratings in multimode fiber (MMF) and the applications are discussed     

Multimode Fiber Devices for Optical Fiber Links, Printing, and Display

It is generally agreed that multimode graded index fiber has become the main fiber technology for optical communication applications. Multimode graded index fibers provide sufficient bandwidth for most applications without the critical tolerances of single mode fibers. In this paper, multimode fiber devices and components based on packaging miniaturized optical components for a GaAs laser array source package, and multichannel waveguides will be discussed. Experimental results, fabrication process and technology limitation for some of the multimode devices will be included. One major drawback of using multimode fibers is the difficulty to obtain simple and efficient switches and taps which are essential for data bus or other optical links. Some possible solutions for multimode fiber switches with miniaturized bulk wave devices will be presented.     

Microbend sensor structure for use in distributed andquasi-distributed sensor systems based on selective launching andfiltering of the modes in graded index multimode fiber

This paper describes a novel optical fiber microbend sensor architecture which my be utilized in distributed and quasi-distributed measurement. The actual sensor element is graded index multimode fiber coupled to the measurand field through the usual microbend inducing structures. However, the feed to the sensing section is through a single-mode fiber spliced to the multimode fiber to ensure that only the lowest order spatial mode is launched. Similarly the receiver is also coupled to the sensing element through a single mode fiber. The single mode within multimode fiber propagates with minimal mode coupling with source to receiver losses of typically 0.7 dB for short sensors ranging to approximately 0.3 dB per each additional kilometer of sensing fiber. The sensitivity of this structure to microbend induced losses has been thoroughly characterized. Typically the optical power loss for a given microbend structure and force is about three to six times higher in this architecture than for conventional fully mode filled microbend sensor. The structure is also almost totally insensitive to macrobend induced losses and allows a variety of novel designs in microbend inducing structures. Additionally, spatial mode filters allow effective control over concatenation effects that are common in microbend sensors     

Design of wavelength-switching erbium-doped fiber lasers with a multimode fiber Bragg grating using spatial-mode excitation and selection techniques

A multimode fiber Bragg grating (MMFBG)-based wavelength-switching erbium-doped fiber laser and its application in displacement sensing is proposed and demonstrated. According to the spatial-mode distribution in the multimode fiber (MMF), the modes reflected by the MMFBG at different wavelengths build a wavelength-dependent mode field on the transverse plane of the MMF. By varying spatial-launching position of the single-mode fiber against the MMFBG to achieve different mode group excitation and selection, single-wavelength lasing at 31 discrete wavelengths has been realized over a wide wavelength range.     

Multimode oscillation Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser with a few-mode fiber cavity

We propose and demonstrate experimentally a multimode oscillation Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser with a few-mode fiber cavity. The different coupling processes of reflection peaks of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) which act as cavity mirrors allow the different oscillating states. We obtain microsecond light pulse output states whose oscillation and output beams have different mode compositions, including high order mode. Such a structure enables the high order mode oscillation in the whole cavity with an all-fiber structure, which has potential applications in mode-division multiplexed systems and research of multimode nonlinear effect.     

渐变折射率多模光纤中的多模干涉应用研究

论述了SMS(单模-多模-单模)光纤结构的多模干涉基本理论,利用FD-BPM(有限差分光束传播法)对渐变折射率多模光纤和阶跃折射率多模光纤进行数值模拟,将自聚焦位置、激发模式等特征进行对比,给出渐变折射率多模光纤的优点。利用自聚焦效应,对渐变折射率多模光纤的聚焦和发散作用进行了理论分析,以较短的长度充当透镜的功能,并总结了现阶段的主要应用。     

Multi-parameter harsh environment sensing using asymmetric Bragg gratings inscribed by IR femtosecond irradiation

In this paper, we review our recent work on multi-parameter harsh environment sensing using asymmetric Bragg gratings inscribed by IR femtosecond irradiation, which includes the investigations of fiber Bragg gratings inscribed by graded-index silica multimode fibers and polarization maintaining (PM) single mode fibers. The unique features of this type of grating are: (1) formed by multi-photon ionization, this kind of grating can withstand temperature as high as 1000 °C, which makes it suitable for harsh environment sensing; (2) bending (or pressure, strain) and ambient temperature fluctuations affect the shapes of multiple transmission dips in different ways, which enables multi-parameter sensing capability. The principle of multi-parameter sensing of the multimode fiber gratings is based on the fact that multimode fiber gratings have multiple resonant dips in spectrum and the change of spectral shape is different for different types of perturbations (e.g., temperature and pressure). The main challenge of sensing using multimode fiber is that the shape of spectrum also depends on the excitation condition, which makes the analysis of the sensing data complicated. On the other hand, the PM single mode fiber supports only two linearly polarized modes, which results in two resonant dips in the transmission spectrum. Since measured parameters such as the temperature and bending affect the transmission spectrum of two dips in different ways, one can implement multi-parameter sensing in harsh environment using PM fiber. Note that it is much easier to analyze the data of two dips (in the case of PM fibers) instead of multiple dips (in the case of multimode fibers). Finally, we also investigate the ultra thin multimode and PM single mode harsh environment fiber gratings for multi-parameter sensing applications. After etching the most part of the cladding, both multimode and PM single mode fiber grating spectra become sensitive to ambient refractive index changes, and their sensitivity to bending and strain is also enhanced. This enables the application for multi-parameter chemical/bio and pressure sensing.     

基于GLM的多模光纤放大器模式控制研究

为了提高多模光纤放大器输出光束质量,基于多模纤芯中各个模式的传输和放大机理,提出了一种新的模式控制方法——增益-损耗控制,通过变化纤芯中掺杂的浓度、形状和材料,实现对高阶模式的抑制。根据多模纤芯双包层掺镱光纤放大器模型,对基于增益-损耗控制的选模特性进行了数值模拟和实例分析,得到了优化设计方法。结果表明,该方法可以有效抑制放大器中的高阶模,输出基模功率百分比可达90%以上。     

All-Fiber Wavelength-Tunable and Mode Convertible Bandpass Filter for Optical Interconnections

We report an all-fiber wavelength-tunable bandpass filter with multimode to single-mode converting property via serially concatenated structure of a helicoidal long-period fiber grating (HLPFG), a ring-core hollow optical fiber (HOF), and a multimode fiber (MMF). After passing the cascaded HLPFG-ring core HOF-MMF, the bandpass filtering characteristic and the mode conversion between multimode and single-mode were realized at the resonant wavelength of the HLPFG. Due to the novel spectral functionality of the HLPFG for directional torsion to the helix, the proposed device also showed wavelength-tunable bandpass filtering operation with low polarization-dependent loss.     

基于应变的多模光纤可调谐光纤滤波器设计

可调谐光纤滤波器技术是波分复用系统的关键技术之一,对于发展全光通信网络和光纤传感具有极其重要的意义。提出了一种基于大芯径的多模光纤可调谐带阻滤波器,其制作方法是将包层/纤芯直径为125/105μm的特种多模光纤通过单模光纤接入光纤系统,实现单模-多模-单模(SMS)光纤结构,并使一端单模光纤与多模光纤熔接,另一端只是共轴对接而不焊接。在多模干涉原理的基础上,利用该结构对应变的敏感性实现可调谐光滤波。该可调谐滤波器的调制和解调借助于放大自发辐射(ASE)宽谱光源和光谱分析仪(OSA)实现。详细给出了该滤波器的理论仿真分析,并实验证实了该方案的有效性。     

弯曲直径对多模光纤激光器输出性能的影响

大模场面积(LMA)多模光纤激光器的输出性能与光纤的弯曲程度有关。为研究两者之间的关系,在光纤不同弯曲直径下,对多模光纤激光器的输出性能进行了实验测量和理论计算。采用刀口法测量了不同弯曲直径下的激光光束质量因子M~2,并对每种情况下光纤激光器的斜率效率进行了测量。光纤弯曲直径分别为285 mm, 195 mm和130 mm时,多模光纤激光器光束质量因子M~2为2．88,1．82和1．67,斜率效率为39％,35％和34％。另外,对于实验所采用的大模场面积多模光纤,理论计算了各模式损耗与光纤弯曲直径的关系。     

塑料光纤中模式耦合的研究

利用显式有限差分法数值解阶跃多模光纤的功率流方程，研究阶跃塑料光纤中不同入射光束的模式耦合模式及模式耦合引起的衰减，得出塑料光纤达到模均衡分布的模式耦合长度是20m左右。     

周期性扰动对多模光纤传输性能的影响

介绍了通过在多模光纤中引入周期性的扰动以改善多模光纤的传输特性。这种周期性的扰动是在光纤拉制过程中，通过相对于预制棒的光纤转动而实现的。对光纤进行的差分模式延迟(DMD)测试表明，扰动在一定程度上可以改善光纤中脉冲的分裂。     

Bandwidth and modal noise effects in fused-head-end multimode fiberpassive components

Passive multimode fiber components, particularly 1-to-2 splitters/couplers, manufactured using the fused-head-end technique, are tested under network conditions. The mode power transfer matrix and its effects on the network are discussed. The modification of the pulse mode spectrum in the splitter is analyzed by studying the pulsewidth variation and the transmitted pulse power for components at the near and far end of a long length of fiber. The modal noise generated in such passive fiber components is determined, and the modal noise ratio (MNR) and the modal noise susceptibility (MNS) are introduced as figures of merit characterizing modal noise sources and multimode fiber passive components, respectively     

微型准直透镜的研究与设计

自聚焦透镜与多模光纤的折射率分布都遵从平方律分布,基于这个事实,进行了以多模光纤生产工艺制造微型准直透镜的研究和设计。结果表明,该微型准直透镜用作单模光纤准直器,具有良好的准直性能,该器件较之自聚焦透镜,尺寸更小且制造工艺简单。