纳米SiO_2改性环氧树脂胶粘剂的研究

选择纳米 SiO_2 作为增强材料改性环氧树脂基体, 以物理分散法将纳米 SiO_2 分散在环氧树脂中。通过力学性能测试和热稳定性能测试, 研究了不同含量的纳米 SiO_2 对改性环氧树脂胶粘剂的热性能、拉伸性能和冲击性能的影响; 通过 NOL环测试和扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 分析, 研究了不同含量的纳米 SiO_2 对国产芳纶纤维/改性环氧复合材料的界面性能和层间剪切强度的影响。实验结果表明, 基体树脂中当 w( 纳米SiO_2)=3%时, 改性环氧树脂胶粘剂的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了 28.8%和 22.6%, 复合材料的层间剪切强度(ILSS) 达到最大值, 比未改性胶粘剂提高约 56.8%。     

磷酸三苯酯表面改性纳米SiO_2及其在PP复合材料的应用研究

以二月桂酸二丁基锡为催化剂,用磷酸三苯酯表面改性纳米二氧化硅(SiO_2),制备了聚丙烯(PP)/表面改性纳米SiO_2复合材料。采用红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪、热重分析仪和万能材料试验机等进行表征。结果表明:有机磷改性后SiO_2粒子的表面羟基消失,有机磷的接枝率为87.71%,改性纳米SiO_2能够改善PP复合材料的热稳定性和阻燃性能。     

SiO2改进PVC材料性能的研究进展

对SiO_2的表面改性方法及其对PVC材料力学性能、热学性能、光学性能的影响研究现状进行了总结。结果表明:SiO_2/PVC复合材料综合性能优于纯PVC材料,具有良好发展前景,其中表面改性的纳米SiO_2可以提高PVC力学性能及热性能,表面改性的微米SiO_2可以改进PVC消光性能。     

改性纳米氮化钛/ACM复合材料性能的研究

采用甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)-丙烯酸丁酯(BA)-甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯(GMA)三元共聚物对纳米氮化钛进行表面改性,制备改性纳米氮化钛/丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)复合材料,并研究改性纳米氮化钛用量对复合材料性能的影响.结果表明,随着改性纳米氮化钛用量的增大,复合材料的物理性能、耐热空气老化性能、耐油性能和耐磨性能先提高后下降;改性纳米氮化钛对复合材料的高温稳定性影响不大,但提高了动态力学性能;当改性纳米氮化钛的用量为0.6～1份时,复合材料的综合性能较好.     

改性纳米SiO_2及其树脂基复合材料的性能研究

对纳米SiO_2连续进行两步法改性,首先接枝PEG400,然后共聚自制低分子量PET,采用NMR、热失重仪、X射线光电子扫描仪对其结构进行了表征。采用熔融混合法分别制备了未改性纳米SiO_2、两种改性纳米SiO_2、低分子量PET与PET树脂的复合材料,利用SEM、毛细管流变仪对复合材料的性能进行了研究。结果表明:PEG400成功接枝到纳米SiO_2粉体表面,且自制低分子量PET共聚到了一元接枝纳米SiO_2上;改性后的纳米SiO_2粉体在PET树脂中的分散性得到改善;纳米SiO_2粉体通过PEG400和低分子量PET改性后可提高PET树脂的表观黏度,改善PET树脂的脆性。     

纳米SiO_2和PP-g-MAH对玻纤增强PP复合材料性能的影响

纤维和树脂之间的界面结合强度是决定复合材料性能的关键因素。通过实验研究在玻璃纤维表面涂覆经硅烷偶联剂KH550表面处理的纳米SiO_2以及在PP基体中加入PP-g-MAH对玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的界面结合强度和力学性能的影响。结果表明,纳米SiO_2经KH550表面处理后可以降低其表面能,有利于其在纤维表面分散吸附;纤维表面涂覆纳米SiO_2及在PP中加入PP-g-MAH,有利于增强纤维和树脂之间的界面结合强度,复合材料的层间剪切强度提升了116.06%,拉伸强度提升了109.14%,弯曲强度提升了99.85%。     

表面改性纳米氮化硅/丙烯酸酯橡胶复合材料的性能

用自制的大分子钛酸酯对纳米Si3N4进行表面改性,制备了改性纳米Si3N4/丙烯酸酯橡胶(AcM)复合材料,并对其力学性能、耐热老化性能、耐油性和动态力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,添加改性纳米Si3N4后,ACM的力学性能、耐热老化性能、耐油性能有一定程度提高,储能模量明显增大,损耗因子降低,当添加量为1.0份时,复合材料的综合性能最佳;改性纳米Si3N4对ACM有明显的增强作用.     

纳米粒子对硅橡胶的增强改性研究进展

纳米粒子和纳米复合技术对于开发新型功能复合材料具有十分重要的意义,其中纳米粒子对橡胶的复合改性为硅橡胶性能的提高提供了新的途径.评述了二氧化硅、黏土、氧化铝、碳酸钙、二氧化钛等纳米粒子对硅橡胶的物理机械性能、耐热性能、阻燃性能及耐老化性能等方面的增强改性,简述了溶胶-凝胶法、层间插入法及共混法三种纳米硅橡胶复合材料的制备方法,并指出了纳米硅橡胶复合材料的研究发展方向.     

纳米短纤维增强橡胶复合材料的研究进展

介绍了常用的纳米短纤维及其橡胶复合材料,概述了纳米短纤维在橡胶基体中的分散方法、表面改性与取向以及复合材料的力学性能和功能特性等方面的研究进展,指明了纳米短纤维增强橡胶复合材料的发展方向和应用前景。     

纳米SiO_2改性不饱和聚酯树脂的研究进展

综述了国内纳米SiO2改性不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR)研究的最新进展,重点介绍了纳米SiO2用量、粒子尺寸、表面改性处理等因素对纳米SiO2/UPR复合材料性能的影响及纳米粒子增韧增强的机理,指出了纳米SiO2改性UPR存在的问题和可能的发展方向。     

Synthesis of new superhydrophobic nanosilica and investigation of their performance in reinforcement of polysiloxane

We reported a new facile method to synthesize superhydrophobic nanosilica using glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and dodecylamine as treatment agents. Also, we systemically investigate their performance in reinforcement of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) rubber. Fourier transform infrared spectrum, contact angle (CA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements were used to characterize the modified nanosilica. Results show that the inherent hydrophilicity of parent nanosilica surface can be greatly altered through this modification method. The CA of as‐prepared superhydrophobic nanosilica can reach 160.2°. The properties of as‐prepared modified nanosilica‐filled PDMS composites were systemically investigated by dynamic rheological test, scanning electron microscopy, TGA, dynamic mechanical analysis. These as‐prepared superhydrophobic nanosilica exhibit uniform dispersion in the PDMS matrix, and their composites also show good mechanical properties and distinct advantage on thermal stability compared with those of the pure silica‐filled PDMS composites. Also described is the probable mechanism for the reinforcement of as‐prepared superhydrophobic nanosilica‐filled PDMS. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:1628–1636, 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

纳米二氧化硅表面改性及其补强天然胶乳研究

简述了纳米二氧化硅的表面结构、表面改性机理及方法,介绍国内外对纳米二氧化聩表面化学改性及纳米二氧化硅改性天然橡胶复合材料的制备工艺进行详述,最后对纳米二氧化硅改性天然胶乳存在的问题和发展方向进行了展望。     

可分散性纳米SiO2对甲基乙烯基硅橡胶结构与性能的影响

考察了原位改性法制备的可分散性DNS-2型纳米SiO2对甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(MVQ)结构与性能的影响,并与气相法白炭黑填充MVQ进行了比较。结果表明,DNS-2-1型、DNS-2-2型和DNS-2-3型纳米SiO2为类球形颗粒,其表面改性的有机物质量分数分别为6.0%,3.9%,3.1%;DNS-2型纳米SiO2填充MVQ的加工性能及力学性能均优于气相法白炭黑填充MVQ;填充DNS-2型纳米SiO2后,MVQ的结晶温度降低,熔融吸热减小,在低温下不易硬化;DNS-2型纳米SiO2与MVQ的相容性及其在硅橡胶中的分散性优于气相法白炭黑。     

Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of HRH Bonded Nylon-6 Short Fiber-Nanosilica-Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber Hybrid Composite

Nano silica was synthesized by acid hydrolysis of sodium silicate using diluted hydrochloric acid. This synthetic nanosilica was used in place of hydrated silica in a HRH (hexamethylenetetramine, resorcinol and silica) bonding system for acrylonitrile butadiene rubber–nylon-6 short fiber composite. Nanosilica was also used as a reinforcing filler in acrylonitrile butadiene rubber–nylon-6 short fiber hybrid composite. Cure characteristic and mechanical properties of the hybrid composites were evaluated. Minimum torque, maximum torque, and cure time of the hybrid composites increased with silica loading. Cure rate increased with fiber loading and decreased with silica content. Scorch time also decreased with fiber loading and silica content. Volume fraction of rubber in a solvent-swollen sample increased with nanosilica. The efficiency of the HRH dry bonding system was improved in the presence of nanosilica. Nanosilica in the rubber composites also improved the tensile strength, modulus, and tear strength better than the conventional silica composites. Abrasion loss, hardness, resilience, and compression set properties were also better for the nano silica composites. The composites showed anisotropy in mechanical properties.     

Nanosilica as dry bonding system component and as reinforcement in short nylon‐6 fiber/natural rubber composite

Nanoscale silica was synthesized by acid hydrolysis of sodium silicate using dilute hydrochloric acid under controlled conditions. The synthesized silica was characterized by SEM, BET adsorption, and XRD. The particle size of silica was calculated to be 13 nm from the XRD results and the surface area was found to be 295 m²/g by BET method. This synthesized nanosilica was used in place of conventional silica in HRH (hexamethylenetetramine, resorcinol and silica) bonding system for natural rubber/Nylon‐6 short fiber composite. Nanosilica was also used as reinforcing filler in natural rubber/Nylon‐6 short fiber hybrid composite. Mechanical, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. The introduction of the nanosilica in hybrid composites improved the tensile strength, modulus, and tear strength through improved interaction with the matrix which is facilitated by the higher surface area. Abrasion loss and hardness were also better for the nanosilica composites. Resilience and compression set were adversely affected. The hybrid composites showed anisotropy in mechanical properties. Peak rate of thermal decomposition decreased and temperature of initiation of thermal degradation increased with silica content, indicating improved thermal stability of the hybrid composites. The storage modulus and loss modulus showed two‐stage dependence on frequency at higher fiber loading. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Effects of alkyl/vinyl-modified nanosilicas on negative or positive high voltage direct current breakdown strength and tensile properties in silicone rubber nanocomposites

To develop silicone/nanosilica insulation materials for high voltage direct current (HVDC), hydrophilic surface of fumed nanosilica was changed to hydrophobic by modifying with various ratios of alkylsilane and alkylsilane/vinylsilane coupling agents and the effects of the modified nanosilicas on the HVDC breakdown strength under negative or positive polarities were studied. Dielectric and tensile properties were also studied. The surface modification was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis and the weights of the alkyl and alkyl/vinyl groups on the modified nanosilicas were measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Silicone rubber nanocomposites were prepared by mixing a liquid silicone rubber (LSR) and the modified nanosilicas, in which the mixing ratio of the LSR to the nanosilicas was fixed to be 20 wt%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the even dispersion of the nanosilica particles in the LSR matrix, and it was found that the surface-modified nanosilicas were well dispersed in the form of nano-clusters with 20–60 nm in size. Electrical properties (±HVDC breakdown strength and dielectric properties) and mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation-at-break) were estimated, and it was found that ±HVDC breakdown strength and tensile strength were maximal when the surface modification ratio of alkyl: alkyl/vinyl groups was 50: 50 wt%.     

Effect of silica particle size on chain dynamics and frictional properties of styrene butadiene rubber nano and micro composites

Size and curvature of filler particles affect dynamics of polymer chains in composites. In this work, effects of filler particle size, in two scales of nano- and micro-meters, on dynamics of rubbery chains and frictional properties of composites were studied. Surface modification of nano- and micro-fumed silica by grafting low molecular weight hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) guaranteed similar surface energy for fillers as measured by their surface tension. Nano- and micro-composites of styrene butadiene rubber were prepared by solvent assisted mixing and progressively increasing volume fraction of fillers. Achievement of nano and micro-composites was confirmed by the scanning electron microscopy. Effect of silica aggregate size on the dynamics of rubber chains was measured by dynamic-mechanical-thermal analyzer and compared through calculation of the activation energy for mobilization of slow-dynamic chains in the rubbery region. It was shown that nano-silica immobilizes the rubber chains more than micro-silica even at equal total interfacial area between filler aggregates and rubber matrix, especially above the percolation limit. Similar trend was seen for the coefficient of friction of composites against rough surfaces, showing the strong effect of chain dynamics on friction properties of rubber vulcanizates.     

Unique behavior of in-situ generated nanosilica particles on physico-mechanical properties of fluoroelastomer

Fluoroelastomer (FKM) rubber containing different weight percentage of in-situ generated nanosilica particles have been prepared by sol-gel method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as precursor and n-butyl amine as catalyst. FKM rubber with precipitated silica particles have also been prepared to compare the effect of in-situ generated nanosilica particles and precipitated silica particles on the physico-mechanical properties of FKM rubber. It is interesting to note that the FKM rubber containing in-situ generated nanosilica particles display excellent tensile stress-strain properties, rheological properties and thermal properties in comparison to the FKM rubber containing precipitated silica particles. The better performance of the in-situ generated nanosilica particles has been attributed to the good dispersion of in-situ generated nanosilica particles in FKM rubber matrix when compared to the precipitated silica particles. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy clearly confirms the existence of chemical interaction between the FKM rubber chains and the in-situ generated nanosilica particles which leads to the good dispersion of the nanosilica particles in the rubber matrix. Strain sweep studies confirm the presence of more rubber-filler interaction in FKM rubber filled with in-situ generated nanosilica particles. On the other hand, strain sweep studies confirm the presence of more filler-filler aggregation in FKM rubber filled with precipitated silica particles. The dispersion of the in-situ generated nanosilica particles and precipitated silica particles in the surface and bulk of FKM rubber has been studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Selected samples have been cured to understand the effect of curing on the efficiency of in-situ generated nanosilica particles and precipitated silica particles on the physico-mechanical properties of FKM rubber.     

纳米二氧化硅粉体的表面改性研究进展

简介了纳米二氧化硅的表面改性方法；重点介绍了国内外纳米二氧化硅的表面改性方法及其对材料性能的影响；指出了纳米二氧化硅在聚合物基复合材料中的应用；展望了其发展前景。     

纳米二氧化硅的表面改性及其应用进展

综述了国内外纳米二氧化硅的表面改性方法，并分类介绍了粉体纳米二氧化硅和胶体纳米二氧化硅的表面改性方法及其对材料性能的影响，分析讨论了纳米二氧化硅与有机聚合物的反应机理及其在聚合物基复合材料中的应用，展望了其发展前景。