弱电网下基于功率前馈的光伏并网逆变器稳定性分析

光伏并网逆变器的直流侧电压在光照强度、温度等外界环境的影响下通常是波动的,这会对弱电网下光伏并网系统的稳定性产生影响.针对这一问题,在传统控制系统中引入基于功率前馈的电压控制回路,并给出其结构和参数的设计过程.在此基础上,对光伏并网逆变器的输出阻抗进行建模,并分析不同控制器下对应的输出阻抗的频率特性,并利用奈奎斯特稳定...     

Simulation modelling and analysis of modular cascaded multilevel converter based shunt hybrid active power filter for large scale photovoltaic system interconnection

Modular multilevel inverters are promising candidates for next generation of efficient, robust and reliable inverters in large scale photovoltaic system. A modular cascaded multilevel inverter based shunt hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) for three phase grid-connected large scale PV systems is represented in this paper. The main contribution of this paper is to model and control of grid interfaced large scale photovoltaic system with embedded hybrid active power filter functions. In proposed system, the features of hybrid active power filter have been amalgamated in the control circuit of the voltage controlled voltage source inverter interfacing the photovoltaic system to the grid. As a result, the same inverter part of SHAPF is utilized to inject power generated from photovoltaic source to the grid and also to act as hybrid active power filter to compensate harmonics and reactive power demand. With using compensation ability, the grid currents are sinusoidal and in phase with grid voltages. The whole system is modeled in PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results are demonstrated to verify the operation and the control system of the proposed system.     

基于电网电压定向的光伏并网逆变器系统研究

针对传统的光伏并网系统逆变控制策略存在控制复杂、谐波含量多的问题,提出了一种基于电网电压定向的光伏并网逆变器直接电流控制方法,给出了以TMS320F2812为主控制器的三相光伏并网逆变器系统的硬件及软件设计。该逆变器直接电流控制方法采用过零检测电路测量电网电压的过零点时刻,得出过零点时刻的电网电压的旋转角度,从而得到逆变器输出电压的幅值和相位;采用SVPWM技术控制IPM的开断,使逆变器输出上述幅值和相位的电压,从而实现单位功率因数并网发电功能。实验结果表明,该逆变器直接电流控制方法简单,逆变器输出电流与电网电压基本保持相同的频率和相位,并网发电功率因数接近于1。     

多目标约束下逆变器阻抗的电流矫正方法

弱电网下锁相环与电网阻抗间的耦合会造成系统不稳定.含前置低通滤波器锁相环的并网逆变器虽能改善并网系统稳定性,但存在并网电流相位滞后问题.本文通过将滤波器从锁相环支路“拆分”,提出了一种电流二阶校正的阻抗重塑法,以基波电流控制性能、相角裕度、低频幅值为约束建立了多目标约束函数,单独优化设计了二阶校正环节参数,提高了并网逆变器的弱网稳定性,实现弱电网下的单位功率因数并网.最后在StarSim实验平台验证了所提控制方法的有效性.     

光伏并网发电系统软件锁相技术的研究

光伏并网发电系统是利用太阳能的主要技术之一,并网逆变器是实现其与电网连接的核心部分。为使光伏并网逆变器逆变输出电流能够更好地跟踪电网电压基波,完成同步锁相功能,本文以1kW单相光伏并网逆变器为研究平台,阐述光伏并网逆变器的工作原理和系统结构,分析并网逆变器的并网控制技术,提出一种基于坐标变换的双park鉴相器的软件锁相技术,最后通过Matlab仿真验证该方法的可行性。     

基于数字信号控制器的单相光伏并网逆变电源设计

基于单相光伏并网系统的拓朴结构和工作原理,设计了以DC-DC升压电路为前级,DC-AC逆变器其后级的并网系统结构。控制部分是基于数字信号控制器dsPIC30F6010的电压电流双闭环跟踪控制策略,并对并网电流闭环控制和并网同步实现进行分析。采用SVPWM算法控制功率器件工作,电导增量法跟踪控制所产生的交流电源,给出相应的程序框图,实现了与电网电压同步的正弦电流输出波形。该实验装置结构简单,控制精度高,输出电流谐波失真小,有较强的实时性。     

多逆变器并网运行耦合谐振分析及抑制策略

多逆变器并网运行的谐振问题与单台逆变器相比较为复杂。本文建立的多逆变器并网运行的诺顿等效数学模型,按谐振产生机理的差异将谐振划分为：自身谐振、并联谐振、串联谐振,并分析了各类谐振的特点;电流控制环节引入谐波电流补偿的有源阻尼环节,以衰减耦合谐振峰值。通过与未采用谐波电流补偿的控制策略的对比研究,验证该方案抑制谐振的有效性。     

基于Simulink光伏并网逆变器滞环电流控制的研究

针对光伏并网逆变系统特点,采用滞环电流控制方式对3kW单相光伏并网逆变器进行研究。对滞环电流控制方法进行理论分析,并利用Matlab/Simulink搭建仿真模型进行仿真实验。仿真结果表明,该控制方法保证了逆变器输出电流波形质量,并使系统的输出电流和电网电压同频同相,并网的功率因数接近为1;且分析了波形总谐波畸变率。     

信息能源系统的信-物融合稳定性分析

尽管信息物理系统的稳定性已经得到了广泛的研究,但大部分的学者皆关注于通信网络延时或攻击下的信息物理系统的稳定性问题,无网络通信的信息物理系统的信物融合稳定性分析策略亟待提出.其中,内嵌数字控制系统的并网逆变器系统是一种最简单、最典型的信息能源系统.同时,从效率的角度出发,逆变器的开关/采样频率总是选择尽可能低的频率,其势必产生系统固有延迟时间(控制理论中称为时间延迟).这种延迟时间往往容易引起系统的低频/次同步振荡,弱电网将加剧此现象.为此,提出一种信息能源系统的信-物融合稳定性分析技术.首先,基于柏德近似方法,建立了具有等效延迟时间的信息物理系统阻抗模型.该等效延迟时间由三部分组成,即信息/物理层的采样延迟时间、信息层的计算延迟时间和物理层的脉宽调制延迟时间,其有效地反映了信息-物理相互融合作用的影响.进而设计了稳定禁止区域判据,利用空间映射使开关/采样频率求解过程转化为Hurwitz矩阵辨识问题.在这些空间映射的基础上,最小开关/采样频率通过自适应步长搜索算法获得.最后,仿真和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

具有谐波补偿功能的光伏并网逆变器控制策略研究

随着高新能源技术的发展,光伏并网发电在通过逆变器并网时往往会产生大量的不同谐波,并因此消耗大量的电能。接入电网的光伏并网逆变器中存在大量的负载,这将使整体电网质量下降。针对此问题,论文提出一种具有谐波补偿功能的光伏并网逆变器控制方法,通过谐波补偿装置采集电网中的谐波含量,并基于MPPT算法对所采集的谐波进行分析、计算,根据所计算出的分析结果补偿谐波。该技术方案在三相电和单相电情况下均可正常使用。通过在实验室Matlab/Simulink环境下建立系统拓扑构架进行试验,电网中的电流谐波含量大大降低,从而消除了电网谐波对负载光伏并网逆变器的影响,因此,仿真结果验证了理论分析,该技术方案具有一定的实用价值和科研价值。     

电网电压不对称跌落下直驱风电系统控制策略

针对电网电压不对称跌落下直驱风电系统并网运行过程中出现的直流环节过电压、并网电流畸变、并网功率波动问题,在直驱风电系统并网变换器的直流环节并联超导磁储能系统;同时在分析电网电压不对称跌落下网侧变换器数学模型的基础上,采用抑制并网功率波动的正负序电流控制对网侧变换器的控制策略加以改进,从而稳定直流环节电压、改善并网电流品质、抑制并网功率波动。仿真结果验证了该控制策略的正确性和有效性。     

基于TMS320F2812的25kW光伏并网变流器

文章介绍了基于TMS320F2812的25kW三相光伏并网变流器。该光伏并网变流器采用双级结构,能实现最大功率点跟踪以及反孤岛效应的功能,控制策略采用基于TMS320F2812型DSP的空间矢量脉冲宽度调制技术,能实现与电网同步的正弦电流输出。     

基于单周期控制的Z源光伏并网逆变器的研究

针对传统的光伏并网发电系统存在输出电压低且波动范围大,能耗大,可靠性差等问题,提出了一种基于单周期控制的Z源光伏并网逆变器的设计方案,分析了Z源逆变器的电路结构及特点,详细介绍了Z源逆变器单周期控制策略的实现,并采用Matlab/Simulink建立了仿真模型。实验结果表明,Z源逆变器具有良好的升压作用,降低了对光伏电池电压等级的要求;采用单周期控制技术能够很好地跟踪电网电压,从而实现了单位功率因数。     

Improved three-vector based dead-beat model predictive direct power control strategy for grid-connected inverters

Since only one inverter voltage vector is applied during each duty cycle, traditional model predictive direct power control (MPDPC) for grid-connected inverters (GCIs) results in serious harmonics in current and power. Moreover, a high sampling frequency is needed to ensure satisfactory steady-state performance, which is contradictory to its long execution time due to the iterative prediction calculations. To solve these problems, a novel dead-beat MPDPC strategy is proposed, using two active inverter voltage vectors and one zero inverter voltage vector during each duty cycle. Adoption of three inverter vectors ensures a constant switching frequency. Thus, smooth steady-state performance of both current and power can be obtained. Unlike the traditional three-vector based MPDPC strategy, the proposed three vectors are selected based on the power errors rather than the sector where the grid voltage vector is located, which ensures that the duration times of the selected vectors are positive all the time. Iterative calculations of the cost function in traditional predictive control are also removed, which makes the proposed strategy easy to implement on digital signal processors (DSPs) for industrial applications. Results of experiments based on a 1 kW inverter setup validate the feasibility of the proposed three-vector based dead-beat MPDPC strategy.     

电网电压不平衡条件下并网逆变器的研究

采用一种具有双参数控制的结构实现并网运行和负序电流的消除,直流侧的电压控制环作为并网的基础控制,同时提取电网电压和逆变器输出电压的负序分量并加以控制,当两者相等时就可以达到消除负序电流的目的,然后对负序电压的获取以及电流的跟踪控制作了分析。最后利用Matlab/Simulink对系统进行仿真,验证了系统的可行性。     

Modeling and simulation of direct output current control for LCL-interfaced grid-connected inverters with parallel passive damping

Conventional grid-connected inverters with a single inductor filter have the disadvantages of the large volume, high cost and system dynamic restriction. One of attractive solutions is to replace the first-order L filters with the third-order LCL filters. However, Instability phenomenon often appears in practical applications of the direct output current control for the LCL-interfaced grid-connected inverters. In order to clarify the point, the system control model is developed and the characteristic equation is deduced. Based on the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion, a significant conclusion is reached that instability is inevitable in the direct output current control for the LCL-interfaced inverters without damping whatever P, PI or PID control is used. Conventional solutions are putting resistances in series with the LCL filter so as to improve the system stability margin, which is well known as the series passive damping. Nevertheless, the feasibilities of the parallel passive damping are rarely discussed. This paper reveals, for the first time, the precise-quantified relationship between the parallel resistances, control parameters and stability margins so as to provide a general design criterion for the direct output current control for the LCL-interfaced grid-connected inverters. And then the influence of nonlinear factors such as the switching and over modulation saturation on the validity of conclusions is discussed. In agreement with the theoretical analysis, the simulation results demonstrate that the parallel passive damping can effectively enhance the system stability of the direct output current control for the LCL-interfaced grid-connected inverters with the ultra-low extra losses.     

Stable reactive power balancing strategies of grid‐connected photovoltaic inverter network

In this paper, a distributed reactive power control based on balancing strategies is proposed for a grid‐connected photovoltaic (PV) inverter network. Grid‐connected PV inverters can transfer active power at the maximum power point and generate a certain amount reactive power as well. Because of the limited apparent power transfer capability of a single PV inverter, multiple PV inverters usually work together. The communication modules of PV inverters formulate a PV inverter network that allows reactive power to be cooperatively supplied by all the PV inverters. Hence, reactive power distributions emerge in the grid‐connected PV inverter network. Uniform reactive power distributions and optimal reactive power distributions are considered here. Reactive power balancing strategies are presented for both desired distributions. Invariant sets are defined to denote the desired reactive power distributions. Then, stability analysis is conducted for the invariant sets by using Lyapunov stability theory. In order to validate the proposed reactive power balancing strategies, a case study is performed on a large‐scale grid‐connected PV system considering different conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

低压微电网下垂控制策略研究

在孤岛模式时通过把逆变器等效输出阻抗设计成近似感性的前期条件下采用频率/有功、电压/无功的传统下垂控制法,但由于输出的无功与线路阻抗有关而各逆变器位置分散使连接线路阻抗存在差异,故难以实现无功功率的合理分配。本文分析传统下垂控制原理,并通过虚拟电抗法把逆变器的等效输出阻抗设计成近似感性,在此基础上采用一种改进下垂控制策略。该策略通过调节下垂控制中的参考电压来大致补偿线路阻抗差异上的电压降落,同时配合一个动态下垂系数来代替传统的固定下垂系数动态调节输出的无功功率,从而改善微电网无功功率输出的分配精度抑制系统环流。最后通过MATLAB/Simulink搭建两台逆变器并联运行模型并采用传统下垂控制与改进下垂控制相比较的方法验证改进控制策略的可行性。     

DSP的有源钳位反激式光伏并网逆变器设计

本文设计了一套以TI公司的TMS320F28335浮点型DSP为控制核心的单相光伏并网微型逆变器,光伏电池输出的直流电经交错并联反激式变换器转换为2倍于电网频率的正弦双半波电流,再用极性反转桥将正弦双半波电流转换为与电网同频同相的交流电并入电网.采用有源钳位电路能使MOSFET管实现零电压开关(ZVS).提出的一种改进型扰动观察法,可提高MPPT效率.样机实验波形表明,该光伏逆变器输出电流谐波含量较少,能够向电网输送高质量的电能.     

新型太阳能光伏并网逆变器仿真分析

介绍并分析一种新型太阳能光伏并网逆变器的拓扑结构及其工作原理。为改善输出波形质量,减少并网电流谐波,该新型逆变器省略传统逆变桥臂的死区设定,通过控制逆变桥臂的直通矢量占空比实现光伏阵列输出电压的升压功能。利用MATLAB软件对逆变器控制模式进行仿真,仿真结果证明理论分析的正确性和有效性。