基于VBA和AutoCAD的瓦斯抽采钻孔设计与反演系统

针对当前瓦斯抽采钻孔设计与反演主要依靠人工计算,费时费力且容易出错的缺点,基于VB6.0编译环境和AutoCAD 2010绘图平台,设计了一套能够与CAD动态交互的瓦斯抽采钻孔设计与反演系统。实现了基于AutoCAD巷道图的参数化快速建模,通过动态交互减少了大量的测量和计算,达到精确、快速进行钻孔设计与反演的目的。实践证明,该系统可有效提高钻孔设计与反演效率,大幅减少设计与反演过程中的人为错误。     

基于残余瓦斯含量的顺层钻孔抽采有效半径阶梯式测定法

为确定瓦斯抽采合理钻孔间距,有效减少或消除抽采空白带,基于瓦斯抽采相关标准与行业规范,以突出煤层采煤工作面瓦斯含量临界值、采煤工作面回采前煤体可解吸瓦斯含量、采煤工作面瓦斯抽采率和预抽率作为抽采达标的4项基本指标,根据4项基本指标计算得出残余瓦斯含量最小值,将其作为考察指标,对顺层钻孔瓦斯抽采有效半径测定方法进行探索,提出阶梯式测定法.使用该测定法对山西霍尔辛赫煤业有限责任公司3号煤层瓦斯抽采有效半径进行现场测试,同时基于含瓦斯煤的流固耦合动态模型对测试结果进行数值模拟验证.结果表明:阶梯式测定法现场测试结果与数值模拟结果基本吻合,在该矿合理预抽期内,抽采有效半径为1.52 m,合理钻孔间距为2.50 m.研究结果对于完善瓦斯抽采有效半径测定方法、确保瓦斯抽采达标具有参考作用.     

地面群孔瓦斯抽采技术应用研究

为保证新集一矿突出煤层13-1煤北中央采区的安全开采,先后开采131103、131105等11-2煤层工作面作为保护层。首先在上述两个工作面共布置了6个地面钻孔,建立了地面群孔瓦斯抽采系统,预抽采动区被保护层13-1煤瓦斯。接下来对地面钻孔抽采瓦斯参数进行了考察,主要包括基于示踪技术考察了131105工作面采动卸压地面钻孔走向及倾向瓦斯抽采半径,统计分析被保护层瓦斯抽采率,同时就地面群孔与井下底板巷穿层钻孔瓦斯抽采两种方法进行了抽采率、工程费用等方面的对比。研究结果表明：新集一矿的地层条件下地面钻孔抽采煤层卸压瓦斯沿煤层倾向和走向的抽采半径分别不小于160m和240m;采动区地面群孔瓦斯抽采率达35%以上;地面钻孔相对比井下底板巷,在抽采瓦斯方面具有技术上可靠、安全、经济等优点。     

钻杆钻进扰动下顺层瓦斯抽采钻孔孔壁失稳机制

为了探讨钻杆钻进扰动对顺层瓦斯抽采钻孔孔壁失稳破坏的影响规律,基于赫兹接触理论,推导钻杆与瓦斯抽采钻孔发生摩擦时滑动接触应力分量计算公式,建立钻杆钻进扰动下孔壁附近复合应力场的分析计算模型,分析孔壁的复合应力场,运用有限元分析软件Abaqus对计算结果进行验证;最后,依据Mohr-Coulomb强度准则,对防止孔壁失稳的临界钻进参数进行分析。结果表明：钻杆位于瓦斯抽采钻孔正下方时,孔壁复合应力场中的最大主剪应力取得最大值;最大主剪应力位于接触表面,若超出煤岩的抗剪强度,则会在此处发生剪切破坏;降低钻杆公转率以及钻杆与瓦斯抽采钻孔孔壁的摩擦系数可以提高钻进过程中孔壁的稳定性;钻杆与瓦斯抽采钻孔之间的环空间隙越大,临界钻压越小。研究结果可为顺层瓦斯抽采钻孔钻进工艺参数选择提供理论指导。     

下向钻孔水渣输运机制与高效抽采试验研究

为了解决煤矿下向钻孔水渣积存导致瓦斯抽采效果差的问题,基于水力排渣、压风排水的分步输运方式,提出下向钻孔高效循环排水排渣新思路,计算水渣输运关键参数,研发下向钻孔水渣输运抽采一体化装备,并在义安煤矿开展现场试验。结果表明：下向钻孔水渣输运抽采一体化装备能有效排出粒径8 mm以内的煤岩屑,无外来水补充10 min内可排净孔内积水;经过排水排渣作业后,抽采单孔瓦斯体积分数由0提高到60%～85%;钻孔内有外来水源补充时,可采用不定期排水排渣,延长钻孔高效抽采时间,通过长时间效果考察可知,抽采体积分数提高了2.8～12.6倍。研究表明,下向钻孔水渣输运抽采一体化装备能够高效排出下向钻孔内的水渣,完成排渣、排水、抽采3种作业状态的快速切换和循环作业,提高下向钻孔抽采效率,为下向孔水力化增透技术和瓦斯高效抽采提供技术保障。     

顺层钻孔瓦斯抽采有效半径确定方法研究进展及展望

瓦斯抽采有效半径是确定钻孔布置间距的基础参数和重要依据,其准确测定对于节省钻孔施工工程量、提高瓦斯抽采效率乃至最终实现瓦斯抽采达标至关重要。为了科学地确定瓦斯抽采有效半径,从有效半径与影响半径的定义出发,论述现行有效半径确定方法,分析各种方法存在的问题,最后指出:基于多物理场耦合,采用理论分析、数值模拟与现场实测相结合的方法确定有效半径,是该领域今后的总体发展方向;弹塑性损伤耦合模型与热-流-固耦合模型的构建、有效半径快速测定技术与便携式装备的研发等问题是下一步研究的重点。     

低透气性近距离强突出煤层群瓦斯治理模式研究

低透气性近距离强突出煤层群首采层打钻极易喷孔,引发瓦斯安全事故。以皖北煤电祁东煤矿II三采区为例,基于首采层7₁煤分段压裂水平井预抽煤层瓦斯改性效果和上区段8₂煤定向长钻孔拦截抽采下临近层9煤卸压瓦斯效果,提出了综合运用分段压裂水平井、定向长钻孔、地面钻井、多用底板巷、顶板走向钻孔等技术的瓦斯治理模式,可有效减少井下工程量,提高钻孔施工及抽采效率,保证煤层安全高效开采。该模式演变后可进一步减少巷道和钻孔工作量,有效缓解接替紧张压力。     

孟津煤矿顺层抽采钻孔合理封孔深度

瓦斯抽采钻孔作为瓦斯抽采的源头,其合理封孔深度直接影响着瓦斯抽采的效果.为了确定适宜孟津煤矿顺层抽采钻孔的合理封孔深度,采用钻屑解吸指标法、钻屑量法测定了卸压区的范围.在卸压区范围的基础上,使用瓦斯运移规律测试装备考察分析了顺层抽采钻孔在不同封孔深度下的轴向瓦斯运移规律,并确定了瓦斯运移负压影响区.最后,根据瓦斯运移负压影响区,确定了孟津煤矿顺层抽采钻孔的合理封孔深度并提出了"抽采钻孔合理封孔深度应超出瓦斯运移负压影响区"的理论.通过在孟津煤矿的现场应用,表明使用该方法确定的合理封孔深度科学、可靠,有效地提高了预抽瓦斯体积分数,进而提高了瓦斯抽采效率;同时,可为其它矿井合理封孔深度的确定提供了分析参考.     

低透气性煤层的瓦斯抽采工艺研究

瓦斯抽放是解决矿井瓦斯涌出、防治瓦斯超限的有效方法,其效果的好坏主要由预抽钻孔参数及煤层透气性系数决定.以阳煤集团开元公司五矿为实验基地,确定了矿井采面瓦斯抽采合理的工艺参数和封孔技术.通过改变预抽钻孔参数克服了煤层透气性低产生的问题,同时对矿井的瓦斯抽放规律进行了研究.通过优化实验方案,使瓦斯抽采效果明显改善,确保了工作面的安全生产.     

基于采动覆岩裂隙三维分布形态的地面L型抽采 钻孔合理位置研究

高瓦斯矿井使用地面L型钻孔代替高抽巷抽采瓦斯,能够节省大量巷道掘进工程,减缓采掘接替紧张状况。为了研究L型钻孔的最优布置位置,以新景矿3213工作面为例,采用相似模拟和三维数值模拟,确定了采场上方覆岩的运移规律和裂隙带三维分布形态。根据采动三维裂隙分布形态建立三维裂隙场模型,导入COMSOL模拟软件,对不同位置的L型地面定向钻孔,模拟抽采过程中的瓦斯运移规律和富集分布区域。结果表明,抽采钻孔能有效降低采空区的瓦斯体积分数,钻孔布置在回风巷上方的"O"型裂隙区中上部时抽采效果最好。根据新景矿3213工作面实际情况,定向钻孔最优布置位置为垂直方向在回风巷上方距煤层顶板20～30 m,水平方向在回风巷内错平距15～30 m。经现场5个月的抽采试验,地面L型钻孔平均抽采瓦斯体积分数78.5%,抽采瓦斯纯量8.58 m~3/min,日抽采纯量达到11 953 m~3,占工作面总瓦斯涌出量的42.60%,有效地解决了工作面瓦斯的控制问题。     

Experimental and measured research on three-dimensional deformation law of gas drainage borehole in coal seam

Using self-researched gas drainage borehole stability dynamic monitoring device, three-dimensional deformation characteristics of borehole under steady vertical load were researched experimentally and systematically. This research indicated that under the action of steady loading, the mechanical deformation path of the simulated gas drainage borehole is gradually complicated, and the decay of the borehole circumferential strain is an important characterization of the prediction and early warning of borehole instability and collapse. The horizontal position of borehole occurs compressive strain, and the vertical of which occurs tensile strain under the action of vertical stress. At the initial stage of loading, the vertical strain is more sensitive than that in the horizontal direction. After a certain period of time, the horizontal strain is gradually higher than the vertical one, and the intersection of the borehole horizontal diameter and the hole wall is the stress concentration point. With the increase of the depth of hole, the strain shows a gradual decay trend as a whole, and the vertical strain decays more observably, but there is no absolute position correlation between the amount of strain decay and the increase in borehole depth,and the area within 1.5 times the orifice size is the borehole stress concentration zone.     

Spontaneous combustion influenced by surface methane drainage and its prediction by rescaled range analysis

This study established numerical modeling using COMSOLTMto examine the influence of horizontal location and drainage ability of surface borehole on spontaneous combustion in longwall working face gob. Rescaled Range Analysis(R/S analysis) was employed to investigate the chaos characteristic of N_2/O_2 ratio from a surface borehole in 10416 working face gob, Yangliu Colliery, China. The simulation results show that there is always a circular ‘‘dissipation zone" around the drainage borehole and an elliptic ‘‘spontaneous combustion zone" in deep gob. Little influence was found on spontaneous combustion zone on the intake side of the gob but the width of spontaneous combustion zone in middle gob is enlarged, while the depth of spontaneous combustion zone near the return side is reduced. The R/S analysis indicates that the influence of surface borehole on spontaneous combustion can be divided into two stages by the chaos feature of N_2/O_2: safety drainage stage and spontaneous combustion initiating stage. It can be concluded that the methane drainage from gob through surface borehole can intervene in the distribution of spontaneous combustion zone in gob and the chaos feature of N_2/O_2 from surface borehole can effectively reflect coal spontaneous combustion condition in gob.     

Fracture evolution and pressure relief gas drainage from distant protected coal seams under an extremely thick key stratum

When an extremely thick rock bed exists above a protected coal seam in the bending zone given the condition of a mining protective seam, this extremely thick rock bed controls the movement of the entire overlying stratum. This extremely thick rock bed, called a "main key stratum", will not subside nor break for a long time, causing lower fractures and bed separations not to close and gas can migrate to the bed separation areas along the fractures. These bed separations become gas enrichment areas. By analyzing the rule of fracture evolution and gas migration under the main key stratum after the deep protective coal seam has been mined, we propose a new gas drainage method which uses bore holes, drilled through rock and coal seams at great depths for draining pressure relief gas. In this method, the bores are located at a high level suction roadway (we can also drill them in the drilling field located high in an air gateway). Given the practice in the Halzi mine, the gas drainage rate can reach 73% in the middie coal group, with a gas drainage radius over 100 m.     

CFD simulations for longwall gas drainage design optimisation

Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulation is an effective approach to develop and optimise gas drainage design for underground longwall coal mining. As part of the project supported by the Australian Government Coal Mining Abatement Technology Support Package(CMATSP), threedimensional CFD simulations were conducted to test and optimise a conceptual design which proposes using horizontal boreholes to replace vertical boreholes at an underground coal mine in Australia.Drainage performance between a vertical borehole and a horizontal borehole was first carried out to compare their capacity and effectiveness. Then a series of cases with different horizontal borehole designs were simulated to optimise borehole configuration parameters such as location, diameter, and number of boreholes. The study shows that the horizontal borehole is able to create low pressure sinks that protect the workings from goaf gas ingresses by changing goaf gas flow directions, and that it has the advantage to continuously maintain such low pressure sinks near the tailgate as the longwall advances. An example of optimising horizontal borehole locations in the longwall lateral direction is also given in this paper.     

采煤工作面长钻孔瓦斯抽采效果数值模拟

根据现场对煤层瓦斯基础参数的测定,在实验室对顺层长钻孔在异径条件下瓦斯浓度、抽放半径和流量等参数变化规律进行数值模拟计算,并在白山坪煤矿1265采煤工作面的溜子道进行抽放半径的效果检验,发现数值模拟计算结果与实测结果吻合较好。最终结果表明,为保证采煤工作面安全生产,钻孔直径应当75~100 mm较好。     

化学锚固技术在增建或改建工程中的应用

通过对江门市口岸码头外廊植筋技术实例分析,提出了化学锚固在建筑加固改造和其他工程应用注意的施工要点和处理措施。     

光学成像技术在某工程大口径钻孔中的应用

相对小口径钻孔,对大口径钻孔进行全孔壁光学成像存在困难.为了对大口径钻孔进行全孔壁光学成像,分别设计了干孔和水下两种方案.干孔方案采用数码相机对孔壁进行分幅采集,水下方案采用全景成像系统全孔壁一次成像.分别从方案设计、仪器设备设计及实现等方面阐述了将光学成像技术拓展应用到大口径钻孔中,最终实现了对全孔壁的光学成像.成像效果清晰,满足工程要求,为工程勘察提供了技术支持.     

近距离突出煤层群瓦斯治理技术优化的研究

近距离突出煤层群工作面受上下邻近煤层卸压瓦斯的影响,致使回采工作面瓦斯涌出量大、工作面回风隅角及回风巷中的甲烷传感器频繁报警,瓦斯治理消耗大量的人力、物力和时间,严重制约了矿井的安全生产。通过对几种瓦斯治理方案进行分析论证,得出将整个煤层群作为一个治理单元,统筹考虑,将煤层厚度、瓦斯含量相对较小的弱突出煤层作为关键保护层,配合打钻进行立体式抽采,实现上下递进保护,最大限度地抽采邻近煤层的卸压瓦斯的方案。现场实践结果表明,保护层工作面在回采期间瓦斯抽采率高达90%以上,回风隅角瓦斯浓度降至0.6%以下,回风巷风流中瓦斯浓度降至0.2%以下,工作面月平均回采长度由原来的120 m提高至200 m。同时,从根本上解决了被保护层工作面回采期间瓦斯带来的安全威胁。     

长平矿“立体式”瓦斯抽采模式的探索与实践

瓦斯抽放是防治煤矿瓦斯灾害事故的根本措施,长平矿经过几年的探索实践,逐步形成了煤层瓦斯抽放、地面钻井抽放及开掘底板岩巷穿层钻孔抽放等独具特色的立体式瓦斯抽放模式,多措并举,大大降低了煤层的瓦斯含量及矿井瓦斯涌出量,为进一步提高矿井瓦斯抽放率及瓦斯治理技术奠定了坚实基础．