205例实体瘤患儿营养评价及维生素状况分析

目的:评估实体瘤患儿营养风险,进行营养评价及血清维生素状况分析.方法:收集2017年7月-2018年6月间北京儿童医院肿瘤外科收治的205例实体肿瘤患者,进行STAMP营养不良风险筛查及营养评估(体格指标、血清蛋白、前白蛋白),完善血清9种维生素(维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素C、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B...     

营养强化面粉改善西部农村妇女营养状况研究

目的观察营养强化面粉人群营养改善效果。方法在中国西部地区甘肃省兰州市郊退耕还林地区,选择20～60岁农村妇女进行营养强化面粉人群营养状况干预研究。干预组268人,食用7种营养素（维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、叶酸、尼克酸、铁、锌）强化的退耕还林补助面粉,对照组277人,食用同等级未强化退耕还林补助面粉,观察时间36个月。至观察0月、12月、24月、36月时,进行身高、体重、体脂、血红蛋白、原卟啉、血清铁、铁蛋白、运铁蛋白受体、血清锌、血清维生素A、血清叶酸测定,膳食调查及营养强化面粉摄入量调查;至观察6月、18月、30月时进行血红蛋白测定,膳食调查及营养强化面粉摄入量调查。结果干预组妇女膳食中7种微量营养素摄入量显著增加,达到中国居民膳食营养素推荐摄入量或适宜摄入量标准;干预组血清锌、叶酸和维生素A水平显著高于对照组;干预组铁营养指标在试验期末有所改善,但血红蛋白与对照组比较差异无统计学意义。结论营养强化面粉改善我国西部地区农村妇女营养状况是有效和可行的。     

维生素B12的研究进展

本文对维生素B12的吸收与代谢、缺乏原因及疾病、营养水平鉴定、人群维生素B12营养状况、食物强化的研究进展进行了综述,以期提高对维生素B12的认识和重视、为解决维生素B12缺乏人群的健康问题提供参考。     

维生素A强化的饮品对儿童血清视黄醇水平的影响

了解维生素A强化燕麦饮品对儿童血清视黄醇水平的影响。方法 选取北京市郊区某小学一、二年级6～8岁学生294名,男女各半,分为干预组和对照组,进行为期1年的营养干预,两组保持日常饮食,干预组每日补充维生素A强化燕麦饮品250 ml。采用连续3日24小时膳食回顾法调查学生膳食维生素A摄入量,检测学生血清视黄醇水平。结果 干预后男、女干预组及对照组维生素A的摄入量均低于国家推荐标准。干预后干预组维生素A摄入量增加(P＜0.05)。干预前,男、女干预组和对照组间血清视黄醇水平差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),干预后干预组高于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论 北京市郊区6～8岁小学生维生素A营养素的摄入量不足。补充维生素A强化燕麦饮品,提高了儿童血清视黄醇水平。     

营养强化米价与优质米持平

据国家发改委公众营养与发展中心主任于小冬介绍，将在全国范围内对大米营养强化进行试点和推广。营养强化大米用维生素B1、维生素B2、叶酸、尼克酸、铁、锌等6种营养素为原料，按“中国大米营养强化推荐配方”的规定配比与米粉混匀，通过模具压制成与普通大米形状、密度及色泽等近乎相同的营养粒米，再以2%的比例混匀在普通大米中制成；     

降胆固醇食物新发现——鸡蛋

鸡蛋是日常生活中营养丰富的食物，它含有蛋白质、脂肪、卵黄素、卵磷脂和铁、钙、钾等人体所需的矿物质，同时，又是人体所需要的维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、维生素B1、维生素B2的良好来源。所以鸡蛋对于人们来说实在是价廉物美的营养佳品。     

水果营养质量综合指数评价方法的建立与应用

为了建立水果营养质量综合评价的适用方法，通过中国居民膳食营养素摄入情况及其人体需求满足程度的比较分析筛选出14项关键营养指标。其中，维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、维生素E、钙和硒为显著不足类营养素，蛋白质、烟酸、钾、镁和锌为不足类营养素，脂肪和钠为过量类营养素。结合各类水果相应营养素的含量水平，计算各项关键营养素含量基准值。通过拟评估水果产品中各种关键营养素含量与相应基准值的比较得到该关键营养素的营养质量指数。根据中国居民各项关键营养素摄入的丰缺程度，确定这些营养素的权重，并构建水果营养质量综合指数模型。采用该模型对48种代表性水果进行营养质量综合评价，结果表明:达到5A级的1种，4A级的2种，3A级的1种，2A级的5种，A级的9种，B级的12种，C级的18种。水果营养质量综合指数及其分级标准能综合反映水果的营养质量状况，可用于各种水果(如不同种类、品种和来源等)营养质量的综合评价与比较，水果产品营养质量标准设定和消费指导(适合中国消费者)等。     

美国公布一项最新研究成果——维生素B_(12)的吸收与食用肉类无关

美国农业部老年人营养研究中心的最新研究表明，美国39％的人血浆中维生素B12的含量处在正常偏低的水平．即低于每升258微微克分子，尽管这一数字高于目前所认定的每升148微微克分子的缺乏值，但一些人已经表现出神经病的症状．研究还表明，美国近9％的人血浆中维生素B12的含量低于缺乏值．16％的人血浆中维生素B12的含量低于每升185微微克分子。     

营养强化面粉对山西神经管畸形高发地区育龄妇女血清叶酸、同型半胱氨酸及VB_(12)的影响

目的在神经管畸形高发地区,观察营养强化面粉干预后育龄妇女血清叶酸、同型半胱氨酸及VB12变化。方法在山西省吕梁地区强化面粉覆盖的10个乡镇和未覆盖的3个乡镇中,选择18～39岁育龄妇女218人,进行营养强化面粉干预研究,干预组155人,食用维生素B1、维生素B2、铁、锌、叶酸5种营养素强化面粉,对照组63人,未食用强化面粉。干预组在食用营养强化面粉20个月后采集空腹静脉血,测定血清叶酸、同型半胱氨酸、维生素B12。结果两组血清叶酸、同型半胱氨酸、维生素B12差异有统计学意义(P<0.000 1)。干预组血清叶酸水平11.1ng/ml高于对照组的8.1 ng/ml,干预组同型半胱氨酸水平12.91μmol/L低于对照组的21.77μmol/L,两组维生素B12都在较低水平,但干预组220.5 pg/ml高于对照组173.5 pg/ml。对照组和干预组的叶酸缺乏率分别为11.9%和6.0%,高同型半胱氨酸率分别为69.5%和24.3%,维生素B12缺乏率分别为61.4%和43.9%。结论两组受试人群普遍存在维生素B12营养缺乏状况;项目地区存在较为严重的高同型半胱氨酸血症发生率状况;采用强化面粉进行20个月干预后...     

《国际营养学杂志》提醒:中国人很缺维生素B1

近30年来,中国人维生素B1的摄入量大幅下降,已从平均摄入足量,降到合格线以下。最近,中科院上海生命科学研究院在《国际营养学杂志》上发表的1项新研究,引起人们对维生素B1的关注。研究人员对1587名参加"中国老龄人口营养健康状况研究"的京、沪城乡居民进行维生素B1营养水平的调查,结果显示,维生素B1缺乏和抑郁症比例分别为28.2%和11.3%。随着体内维生素B1浓度的降低,患上抑郁症的风险显著上升。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the