改性石硫合剂(ML)浸金试剂稳定性研究

改性石硫合剂（ML）是一种新型非氰浸金试剂。主要研究了不同通气量、碱度、铜离子浓度、亚硫酸根离子浓度、搅拌速度、温度对ML试剂中有效浸金成分的消耗影响。结果表明：（1）通气、碱度、搅拌速度对于ML试剂中S2O3^2-的消耗并不是主要影响因素;（2）铜离子对ML试剂中S2O3^2-的消耗影响显著。体系中有游离氨、低温时,ML试剂稳定性较好;（3）加入SO3^2-有助于ML体系的稳定,其主要作用是：可阻碍体系中S2O3^2-的氧化;能促进体系中沉淀物的返溶,并生成有效溶金成分。     

MOF材料在水环境污染物去除方面的应用现状及发展趋势（II）

对近年来MOF材料去除水环境中重金属、有机物的相关研究进行了总结与评述。本篇是该主题的第2篇,主要对MOF材料去除水中有机污染物的相关研究进行总结和论述。研究表明,MOF材料含有大量开放性金属位点、路易斯酸碱位以及官能团,因而对染料、抗生素、农药、持久性有机污染物等均具有较高的吸附性能。氢键、π?π作用、疏水作用和静电引力是其吸附有机污染物的主要机制,部分MOF材料中较大的孔道结构也有利于大分子有机污染物的吸附;另外,部分MOF材料还具有优异的催化性能,能够作为类Fenton催化,光催化以及过硫酸盐活化的催化剂实现对有机污染物的催化降解,其中光催化反应中污染物的降解主要源于·O2?、·OH和h+的贡献;而在过硫酸盐体系中,·O2?、·OH、SO₄·?和1O₂是导致有机污染物分解的主要活性氧化物种。基于对先前研究的回顾,相信未来的研究领域包括但不限于以下方面:（1）进一步提高MOF在去除有机污染物方面的性能,并提高其可回收性;（2）开展新型MOF催化材料的制备及催化反应机理的研究;（3）研究MOF缺陷结构的调控,以开发具有更高吸附和催化性能的新型MOF材料;（4）研究新的框架材料,例如共价有机骨架（COFs）材料,并将其应用于污染物净化领域。      

萃取色层分离铟及微量铟的测定和应用

用甲基膦酸二(1-甲基庚基)酯树脂为固定相,金属离子在稀氢溴酸中的溶液为料液,萃取色层分离铟(Ⅲ)的新方法。由于钢(Ⅲ)的淋洗峰与其相邻离子的林洗峰间有一定的空白区,所以能将铟(Ⅲ)与其他离子清楚地分开。收集的铟(Ⅲ)洗脱液在CTMAB存在下用SAF或显色后进行分光光度测定,经合成试液及实际试样的测定数据表明,用于分离及测定微量铟,具有良好的准确度及重现性。     

Oral delivery and fate of poly(lactic acid) microsphere-encapsulated interferon in rats

In the light of previous findings which suggest that particulate material can be absorbed and thence systemically disseminated from the gastrointestinal tract, we have investigated the oral uptake and distribution of soluble and microsphere-encapsulated radiolabelled interferon-gamma. For trace-loaded (0.01% w/w interferon) microspheres, a quite different distribution of radioactivity was observed in-vivo 15 and 240 min after oral administration, in comparison with the control group which received equivalent doses of unencapsulated interferon-gamma. Thyroid gland activity in control animals killed at these times was significantly higher than that detected in those rodents receiving trace amounts of microencapsulated interferon-gamma (P < or = 0.05). For poly(L-lactide) particles with higher interferon loadings (0.97% w/w interferon-gamma) the distinction between the two experimental groups was less significant. During incubation in-vitro, the trace-loaded particles released a significantly lower percentage of interferon-gamma in comparison with 0.97% w/w loaded microspheres (P < or = 1). Bio-distribution data from rats treated orally with trace amounts of unencapsulated and microencapsulated interferon-gamma leads us to the tentative conclusion that microencapsulation of proteins markedly affects oral uptake, and possibly post-absorption pharmacokinetic parameters also.     

Influence of the microencapsulation method and peptide loading on poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) degradation during in vitro testing

Three methods were used, namely spray drying, w/o/w solvent evaporation and the aerosol solvent extraction system (ASES), for the preparation of microparticles having the same size range, to study the influence of the preparation method on polymer degradation in vitro (PBS, 37 degrees C, one month). The following five polymers of the biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) group were selected: L-PLA, MW 81 200; DL-PLGA 75:25, MW 64-300; DL-PLGA 50:50 MW 52 600; DL-PLGA 50:50 MW 14 500, AND DL-PLGA 50:50, MW 3400, to prepare drug-free and drug-loaded microparticles. Tetracosactide was selected as model peptide. When microparticles were prepared by solvent evaporation, the mean diameter and, more markedly, the drug encapsulation efficiency tended to decrease when decreasing the molecular weight and increasing the proportion of glycolic acid in the polymer. In contrast, no direct influence of the polymer nature on these parameters was observed in spray dried microparticles. Polymer degradation was heterogenous in L-PLA and DL-PLGA 75:25 microparticles and was not influenced by the presence of the drug at a nominal loading of 1% (w/w), when prepared by the three methods (note that with ASES, only L-PLA could be used for microencapsulation). In batches made of DL-PLGA 50:50 MW 52 600, the degradation rate decreased slightly when increasing the drug loading. Only in the case of DL-PLGA 50:50 MW 14 500, the polymer degradation rate for spray dried microparticles was higher compared to that for microparticles prepared by the w/o/w solvent evaporation method. Generally, the degradation rates of the different microparticles followed the expected order: L-PLA相似文献   

New approaches for encapsulation of peptides into poly(lactic/glycolic acid) microspheres

The aim of the work was to develop small microspheres made from a biodegradable polymer, poly(lactide-co-glycolide), in order to entrap small peptides. Microspheres prepared by a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion solvent evaporation technique displayed a mean diameter below than 10 microns and showed high encapsulation efficiency of a 33 amino acid peptide (V3 BRU). In vitro release kinetics studies showed that such microparticles could be employed for both oral immunization and controlled release. The encapsulation of a seven aminoacid peptide in the same conditions, led to a very low encapsulation efficiency. In order to increase the entrapment efficiency, two strategies were adopted: taking into account the solubility of pBC 264 at different pH, a pH gradient was created to prevent the leakage of the encapsulated peptide into the outer aqueous phase. The inner aqueous phase was maintained at basic pH where the peptide was soluble, while the external aqueous phase was acidic: ovalbumin was added during preparation to stabilize the inner emulsion. These two strategies allowed to increase significantly the encapsulation rate of pBC 264. Nevertheless, the in vitro release kinetics of the peptide were strongly influenced by the presence of ovalbumin which seems to form pores in the microsphere structure (80% of the total peptide content was released after 30 minutes). By contrast, when ovalbumin was replaced by Pluronic F 68 microspheres did not have pores, thus the release profile and the extent of the burst were much smaller. When microspheres were stereotactically implanted in the rat brain, in vivo release profiles were in good agreement with the release observed in vitro. In conclusion, these microspheres are well suited for the slow delivery of neuropeptides in the brain, a feature expected to facilitate the study of long term effects of these compounds.     

Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷中过渡族金属碳化物添加剂的研究进展

简述了Ti（C，N）金属陶瓷的典型结构，着重介绍了过渡族金属碳化物添加剂（如纳米TiC／TiN、MozC、WC、TaC、NbC、VC、Cr3C2等）对Ti（C，N）金属陶瓷材料微观结构和力学性能的影响。指出通过合理添加金属碳化物添加剂，可望制备出综合性能优异的Ti（C，N）金属陶瓷。     

苎麻纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料性能研究

通过密炼?注塑成型工艺制备了不同苎麻纤维含量的聚乳酸基复合材料,研究了纤维含量对复合材料性能的影响规律,并揭示了纤维增强机理。研究表明,苎麻纤维的添加提高了复合材料的耐热性能,尤其是当纤维质量分数为40%时,复合材料的热变形温度提高了10.5%。此外,苎麻纤维均匀地分散在基体中,由于纤维与聚乳酸的界面强度较弱,断面上有大量的纤维拔出和纤维孔洞;差示扫描量热仪测试表明高含量的纤维限制了聚乳酸分子链的运动,促进复合材料形成更加致密完善的晶核;同时,流变行为也表明苎麻纤维含量的增加有助于提高复合材料的黏弹响应和复合黏度;最后,苎麻纤维的加入提高了复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度,且随纤维含量的增加而增大。与聚乳酸相比,当纤维质量分数为40%时复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度分别提高了30%和21.9%。      

TiO2的光催化作用及其研究进展(Ⅱ)

对新型光催化剂TiO2所具有的活性强、氧化性能好、节能、成本低、无毒等优异性能进行了介绍，并对其性质、结构、催化性能、影响因素、掺杂改性及研究和应用，做了扼要阐述。     

Surface modification of （Tb0.3Dy0.7）Fe1.95 alloy by ion nitriding process

Effect of ion nitriding modification on surface hardness, corrosion resistance and magnetostriction of (Tb0.3Dy0.7)Fe1.95 alloy was investigated. Results demonstrated that a 100-200 nm thick nitrided layer was formed on the sample surface by ion nitriding treatment, which improved obviously surface hardness, wear, and corrosion resistance properties of (Tb0.3Dy0.7)Fe1.95 alloys. The surface hardness was increased from HV587 to HV622 after ion nitriding at 650 K for 6 h. Furthermore, ion nitriding treatment had almost no influence on mag-netostrictive performance as the nitrided layer was quite thin and the treatment temperature was not too high. The results might provide us a new approach for surface modification of (Tb0.3Dy0.7)Fe1.95 alloy.     

TiO2的光催化作用及其研究进展(Ⅰ)

对新型光催化剂TiO2所具有的活性强、氧化性能好、节能、成本低、无毒等优异性能进行了介绍，并对其性质、结构、催化性能、影响因素、掺杂改性及研究和应用，做了扼要阐述。     

1-（4-安替比林）-3-（对苯磺酸）三氮烯光度法测定废水中镉(Ⅱ)

探讨了1-（4-安替比林）-3-（对苯磺酸）三氮烯(ASTA)与镉的反应,建立了直接测定废水中镉的光度分析方法。试验表明,在硼砂－氢氧化钠介质中,镉与ASTA形成1∶2的红色络合物,该络合物的最大吸收峰位于505 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.7×10⁵ L·mol^-1·cm^-1。10 mL溶液中,镉量在0.3～5.0 μg之间符合比尔定律,检出限为0.1 mg/L。方法已用于电镀废水样中镉的测定,结果与原子吸收光谱法相一致,方法的回收率在104%～105%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)小于3.9%。     

热处理对LaFe_(11.2)Co_(0.7)Si_(1.1)B_(0.2)合金磁热效应的影响

在高温(1170℃)下对LaFe11.2Co0.7Si1.1B0.2合金进行0h,1h,3h,6h,24h和72h热处理,测量了其磁热效应,并利用XRD和SEM进行结构和相组织分析。结果表明合金铸态以α-Fe相为主,随着热处理时间增加,α-Fe相逐渐减少,而NaZn13相(1∶13相)增加,时间太长(72h)α-Fe相组织变大;磁热效应T-ΔTad曲线峰值也随着时间增加,在6h时达到最大值,之后下降,而居里点有所升高。