酯类与酮类烟用香料的化学合成及加香应用探究

烟用香料是生产烟草产品的“灵魂”，是形成烟香风格特色的奥秘之处。酯类和酮类烟用香料在烟草中的加香试验，结果表明这些香料在提高烟草香气质和烟气浓度、降低刺激以及改善口感等方面具有一定的效果，而且混合使用后效果会更佳。这为烟用香料的化学合成及卷烟加香提供了一定的指导作用。     

石楠花提取物挥发性成分分析及在卷烟中的应用

为研究石楠花香味成分,并寻找一种新的天然烟用香料的制备方法,采用同时蒸馏萃取法从石楠花中提取烟用香料,并对提取得到的香料进行了挥发性成分析和卷烟加香试验。结果表明,石楠花中提取物中共鉴定出34种成分,主要为醛、酮、醇和杂环类等重要的烟草香味物质;石楠花提取物可赋予卷烟优雅的香韵,提高烟气温润感,降低刺激性,提高抽吸舒适度。石楠花提取物可作为一种新型的天然香料用于卷烟加香。     

膜技术在烟用地黄香料加工中的应用研究

为了制备适合烟用的地黄天然香料,采用膜技术分离纯化了熟地黄提取物。实验表明,膜技术能有效去除天然植物提取物中的蛋白质、淀粉等大分子化合物,过膜前后的熟地黄提取物无论是在嗅觉还是感官评吸方面都存在较大的差别,而其"一定纯度"的滤液才适合用作烟用香料。膜技术具有工艺简单、生产周期短、成本低廉、自动化程度高等优点,在烟草香料行业具有极大的应用前景。     

相关中国专利

专利名称：一种烟用香料及其制备方法和应用专利申请号：201010123553.8公开号：CN101787329A申请日：2010.03.10公开日：2010.07.28申请人：广东中烟工业有限责任公司本发明公开了一种烟用香料及其制备方法和应用。本发明采用在余甘子酶解浓缩液中添加合适的糖或／和类糖类化合物及氨基酸,加入适宜溶剂,组成反应物系,反应得各种风味的余甘子烟用香料。所得烟用香料香气逼真、自然,有独特的余甘子风味。     

印度合成香料简况

印度有丰富的天然香料和精油资源,自给育余并有出口。合成香料则是新发展的工业,主要供本国消费,每年还需进口若干品种。据不完整的估计年进口额为800-1000万美元。印度有六亿多人口,相当多的大城市如新德里、加尔各答、孟买、马德拉斯生活趋向欧化。食品、化妆、洗涤、药用和烟用香精以及香料的应用已较普遍。国际界估计,印度的消费量在亚洲仅次于日本,是个可观的市场。一、合成香料的生产印度合成香料生产原料的主要支柱之一是松节油,北部几个邦有丰富的松林资源,主要工厂有: CAMPHOR AND ALLIED PRODUCTS CO LTD TERPINYL INDUSTRIAL CO LTD     

郑州烟草院承担科技部烟用香料项目通过鉴定

郑州烟草研究院承担的一项国家科技部项目“新型美拉德烟用香料的规模化合成研究”，于2008年12月20日在郑州通过河南省科技厅组织的鉴定，认定此项目整体达到国际先进水平。该项目针对脱氧果糖嗪和烟草糖胺两种新型烟用香料进行了规模化合成研究，建立了脱氧果糖嗪和烟草糖胺的规模化生产线。     

烟用天然香料酸值的影响因素

为研究烟用天然香料酸值的影响因素，在实验室中分别浸提白肋烟烟叶、红枣和葛根3种植物浸膏，考察存储条件和检测条件对浸膏酸值的影响。结果表明：对于不同种类的烟用天然香料，其酸值会在存储期间产生不同的变化，包括：上升、下降和基本不变以及3种情况的组合。初始酸值较高的天然香料在存储期间更易受到温度的影响而发生酸值变化，在其中加入溶剂丙二醇稀游离酸或加入具有防腐作用的脱氢乙酸钠后能明显延缓酸值的变化速率。另外检测过程中选用不同的称样量和乙醇浓度会影响游离酸的溶解程度；不同的标准溶液浓度会影响滴定终点判定进而影响酸值测定。     

国内行业简讯

●国家税务总局发出有关通知,规定从4月1日起,对出口企业从小规模纳税人处购进的,包括香料油内的十二种货物,不能凭普通发票办理退税。●华芳烟用香料有限公司的烟用香精型号已超200种,各种功能性香精能针对不同卷烟配方起到明显效果。●欧莱雅集团在华首个研发中心于2005年6月在上海建成并投入使用。●苏州禾田香料有限公司已获“江苏省高科技技术企业”、“苏州市名牌企业”称号,该公司投资数千万、地面积达60亩的新工厂正在昆山市建设中。●青岛花帝食品配料有限公司的香精品种已达近千个,分甜味、咸味、啤酒三大类别。●山东省东营垦利…     

行业信息3则

食用香料及萃取物制造商协会（FEMA）对于美国众议院日前通过的《家庭吸烟预防和烟草控制法案》修正案将会对卷烟中许可添加的食用香精及香原料造成何种影响,提出了一些有用的见解。正如该组织所指出,若是如预料的,法案被奥巴马总统签署成为法律后,大部分烟用香料将被禁止使用。     

香料用草木樨的栽培技术及其开发利用研究

本文报道了香料用草木樨的种类、形态特征、生物学特性及其栽培技术。在国内首次利用一年生黄花草木樨提取浸膏并应用于调配烟用香精和烟草加料液,对提高卷烟质量有明显的作用。     

Electronic cigarette-generated aldehydes: The contribution of e-liquid components to their formation and the use of urinary aldehyde metabolites as biomarkers of exposure

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) have emerged as a popular electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) in the last decade. Despite the absence of combustion products and toxins such as carbon monoxide (CO) and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA), carbonyls including short-chain, toxic aldehydes have been detected in e-cigarette-derived aerosols up to levels found in tobacco smoke. Given the health concerns regarding exposures to toxic aldehydes, understanding both aldehyde generation in e-cigarette and e-cigarette exposure is critical. Thus, we measured aldehydes generated in aerosols derived from propylene glycol (PG): vegetable glycerin (VG) mixtures and from commercial e-liquids with flavorants using a state-of-the-art carbonyl trap and mass spectrometry. To track e-cigarette exposure in mice, we measured urinary metabolites of 4 aldehydes using ULPC-MS/MS or GC-MS. Aldehyde levels, regardless of abundance (saturated: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde???unsaturated: acrolein, crotonaldehyde), were dependent on the PG:VG ratio and the presence of flavorants. The metabolites of 3 aldehydes – formate, acetate, and 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (3-HPMA; acrolein metabolite) – were increased in urine after e-cigarette aerosol and mainstream cigarette smoke (MCS) exposures, but the crotonaldehyde metabolite (3-hydroxy-1-methylpropylmercapturic acid, HPMMA) was increased only after MCS exposure. Interestingly, exposure to menthol-flavored e-cigarette aerosol increased the levels of urinary 3-HPMA and sum of nicotine exposure (nicotine, cotinine, trans-3′-hydroxycotinine) relative to exposure to a Classic Tobacco-flavored e-cigarette aerosol. Comparing these findings with aerosols of other ENDS and by measuring aldehyde-derived metabolites in human urine following exposure to e-cigarette aerosols will further our understanding of the relationship between ENDS use, aldehyde exposure, and health risk.

© 2018 American Association for Aerosol Research     

The Impact of Microalgae in Food Science and Technology

Microalgae (including cyanobacteria) are promising organisms for sustainable products for use as feedstocks for food, feed, fine chemicals, and biofuels. They can synthesize a broad range of products with medium‐ to high‐value market price such as β‐1,3‐glucan polysaccharide, single‐cell‐protein, carotenoids and phycobilin pigments, and long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are commercialized in the food industry as dietary supplements and functional foods, in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries as cosmaceuticals and flavorants, and in the therapeutic field as nutraceutical compounds. These microorganisms are also exceptional producers of omega‐3 and omega‐6 fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, and arachidonic acids that have been linked to several human health benefits. The aim of this paper is to review the main existing high‐value products that can be derived from microalgae with a particular focus on food science and technology applications. It also describes the gross and fine chemical composition of various algal species and details the nutritive importance of selected constituents. Finally, nutritional quality standards and legislative provisions to ensure food safety in the use of algal biomass are presented.     

Assessing the Morphological and Behavioral Toxicity of Catechol Using Larval Zebrafish

Catechol is a ubiquitous chemical used in the manufacturing of fragrances, pharmaceuticals and flavorants. Environmental exposure occurs in a variety of ways through industrial processes, during pyrolysis and in effluent, yet despite its prevalence, there is limited information regarding its toxicity. While the genotoxicity and gastric carcinogenicity of catechol have been described in depth, toxicological studies have potentially overlooked a number of other effects relevant to humans. Here, we have made use of a general and behavioral larval zebrafish toxicity assay to describe previously unknown catechol-based toxicological phenomena. Behavioral testing revealed catechol-induced hypoactivity at concentrations an order of magnitude lower than observable endpoints. Catechol exposure also resulted in punctate melanocytes with concomitant decreases in the expression of pigment production and regulation markers mitfa, mc1r and tyr. Because catechol is converted into a number of toxic metabolites by tyrosinase, an enzyme found almost exclusively in melanocytes, an evaluation of the effects of catechol on these cells is critical to evaluating the safety of this chemical. This work provides insights into the toxic nature of catechol and highlights the benefits of the zebrafish larval testing platform in being able to dissect multiple aspects of toxicity with one model.     

Surfactant solubilization behaviorvia headspace analysis

Automatic headspace gas chromatography (AHGC) has been used to define the solubilization behavior of volatile organics in typical detergent surfactants. The amount of a component in the headspace at equilibrium and amount available for perception is inversely related to its solubility in the surfactant micelles. AHGC is used to determine: i) the solubilization site within the micelle for a solute; ii) the effect of the solute on the critical micelle concentration; iii) the solute partition coefficient (K); and iv) the effect of cosolvents on the critical micelle concentration. This approach offers the ability to compare solubility behavior in a complex matrix along with the advantages of direct sampling and the simultaneous analysis of many components.     

湘西烟叶常规化学成分的聚类分析与综合评价

对2007年湘西五大主产烟区(龙山、桑植、吉首、怀化、永顺)765个烤烟样本进行了常规化学成分分析、常规化学组成相关性分析、聚类分析和评价。通过与优质烟叶常规化学组成相比较,发现龙山烟区下部烟叶品质较好,常规化学成分含量及各协调比值均达到了优质烟叶标准,其余依次为吉首烟区下部烟,桑植烟区中部烟、吉首烟区中部烟及永顺烟区中部烟。相关性分析表明,怀化烟区的钾含量与烟碱含量、永顺烟区的钾含量与氯含量都呈显著负相关。聚类分析表明,在这些烟区中,主要存在三类常规化学成分含量相似的烟叶,即龙山、怀化和吉首的中部烟;龙山、吉首与怀化的上部烟;龙山下部烟与永顺中部烟,它们可用于烟叶配打。     

烟叶霉变及预防

文章从霉变的病原微生物类群、烟草霉变的机制及过程以及烟叶霉变的防治措施等三方面论述烟叶的霉变及预防,为各烟草企业对烟叶霉变的综合治理、保障烟叶仓储安全提供依据和方法.     

糖类化合物对造纸法烟草薄片品质影响及调控技术研究现状

由于烟草薄片在卷烟生产工艺过程中的添加比例不断上升,从而对烟草薄片的品质提出了更高的要求,其中烟草薄片中糖类化合物含量对烟草薄片产品品质的影响极为重要。目前,越来越多的烟草公司、薄片企业及一些研究单位都在对烟草薄片中糖类化合物的重要性及其调控技术进行研究,调控技术手段包括生物方法、物理方法及化学方法等。以下是对烟草薄片中糖类化合物、糖类化合物与烟碱、含氮化合物共同作用等对烟草薄片品质的影响,以及烟草薄片中糖类化合物的现有的调控技术进行总结。     

提高造纸法再造烟叶品质的研究进展

再造烟叶又称烟草薄片,是利用卷烟加工过程中废弃的烟梗、烟末和碎烟片等物质制成片状或丝状的再生产品,用作卷烟填充料。再造烟叶在卷烟生产中发挥着重要作用,不仅可以降低卷烟成本,而且可以改善卷烟的内在品质。本文综述了造纸法再造烟叶的加工性能、抽吸品质、辅料等方面的研究现状。     

烟用添加剂的安全性研究进展

烟用添加剂,尤其是香精香料的添加对卷烟的吃味起着重要作用,卷烟中使用添加剂会影响一些与吸烟相关疾病的烟气成分,由此卷烟的安全性问题日益受关注,香精香料对卷烟的安全性研究越来越多。从化学和生物两方面,主要针对香精香料的添加对烟气中霍夫曼分析物影响的研究进展进行了综述。     

烟草反应物香料的开发与应用

根据梅拉德反应的本质与特性，以各种烟草如烤烟、白肋烟及四川糊毛晒烟等为原料，开发出一系列烟草反应物香料。应用加香试验表明，这些烟草反应物香料在卷烟中显著增加烟香，香气协调、厚实、园润。不仅可应用于卷烟加香上，还可用于梗丝加料中，用量范围分别为０．０１％～０．１％和０．１％～０．５％。