Solidification of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash with Cement and Its Leaching Behaviors of Heavy Metals

The solidifying qffect of cement addition on municipal solid waste incineration fly ash ( MSWFA for short, collected from the gas exhaust system of MSW incinerator), the interaction of MSWFA with cement and water and the leaching of heavy metals from cement-solidified MSWFA are investigated. The main results show that : ( 1 ) when MSWFA is mixed with cement and water, 112 evolution, the formation and volume expansion of AFt will take place, the volume expansion can be reduced by ground rice husk ash addition ; (2) heavy metals do leach from cement-solidified MSWFA and at lower pH more leaching will occur; (3) compared with cement - so-lidified fly ash, the leachate of solidified MSWFA is with higher heavy metal contents ; (4) with the increment of cement addition leached heavy metals are decreased ; and (5) concentrations of Zn , Mn , Cu and Cd in all the leachates can meet the relevant Standards of Japan, but as the regulations for soil and groundwater protection of Japan are concerned, precautions against the leaching of Pb , Cl^- and Cr^6 and so on are needed.     

Utilization of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in lightweight aggregates

Washing pre-treatment of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash blended with shale and sludge was utilized in the manufacture of light-weight aggregates and processed to form ceramic pellets. A formula uniform design was performed to arrange the mixture ratio of the materials. The optimal mixture ratio of the materials was determined by measuring the bulk density, granule strength, and 1 h water absorption of the pellets. It is shown that the optimal mixture ratios of materials, MSWI fly ash, shale, and sludge, are 23.16%, 62.58%, and 14.25% (mass fraction), respectively. The performance testing indicators of light-weight aggregates are obtained under the optimum mixture ratio: bulk density of 613 kg/m³, granule strength of 821N, and 1 h water absorption of 11.6%, meeting 700 grade light-aggregate of GB/T 17431.2—1998 standard. The results suggest that utilization of MSWI fly ash in light-weight aggregates is an effective method and a potential means to create much more values.     

Mechanism of high concentration phosphorus wastewater treated by municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

The mechanism of removing phosphate by MSWI （municipal solid waste incineration） fly ash was investigated by SEM （scanning electron microscopy） with EDS （energy dispersion spectrum）,XRD （X-ray diffraction）,FT-IR （Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy）,BET （specific surface area）,and BJH （pore size distribution）.The results indicate that the removal rate of phosphate （100 mg/L） in 50 mL phosphorus wastewater reaches at 99.9% as the dosage of MSWI fly ash being 0.9000 g under room temperature.The specific surface area of MSWI fly ash is less than 6.1 m2/g and the total pore volume is below 0.021 cm3/g,suggesting that the absorption capacity of calcite is too weak to play an important role in phosphate removal.SEM images show that drastic changes had taken place on its specific surface shape after reaction,and EDS tests indicate that some phosphate precipitates are formed and attached onto MSWI fly ash particles.Chemical precipitation is the main manner of phosphate removal and the main reaction is：3Ca2＋＋2 PO43-＋xH2O→Ca3（PO4）2↓·xH2O.Besides,XRD tests show that the composition of MSWI fly ash is complex,but CaSO4 is likely to be the main source of Ca2＋.The soluble heavy metals in MSWI fly ash are stabilized by phosphate.     

MSWI fly ash based novel solidification/stabilization matrices for heavy metals

The possibilities of MSWI fly ash as a major constituent of novel solidification/stabilization matrices for secure landfill were investigated by mixing MSWI fly ash with rich aluminum components, which was added as bauxite cement or metakaolinite instead, to form Friedel and Ettringite phases with high fixing capacities for heavy metals. The physical properties, heavy metals-fixing capacity, mineral phases and its vibration bands in the novel matrices were characterized by compressive strength, TCLP（toxic characteristic leaching procedure）, XRD （x-ray diffraction） , DTG （derivative thermogravimetry）, and FTIR （fourier transform infrared spectroscopy）, respectively. The Tessier＇s five-step sequential extraction procedure was used to analyze the fractions of chemical speciation for Pb, Cd and Zn ions. The experimental results indicate that Friedel-Ettringite based novel solidification/stabilization matrices can incorporate Pb, Cd and Zn ions effectively by physical encapsulation and chemical fixation, and it exhibits a great potential in co-landfill treatment of MSWI fly ash with some heavy metals-bearing hazardous wastes.     

Microstructures and thermal properties of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

To analyze the feasibility of utilization of thermal technology in fly ash treatment, thermal properties and microstructures of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash were studied by measuring the chemical element composition, specific surface area, pore sizes, functional groups, TEM image, mineralogy and DSC-TG curves of raw and sintered fly ash specimens. The results show that MSWI fly ash particles mostly have irregular shapes and non-typical pore structure, and the supersonic treatment improves the pore structure; MSWI fly ash consists of such crystals as SiO₂, CaSO₄ and silica-aluminates, and some soluble salts like KCl and NaCl. During the sintering process, mineralogy changes largely and novel solid solutions are produced gradually with the rise of temperature. Therefore, the utilization of a proper thermal technology not only destructs those persistent organic toxicants but also stabilizes hazardous heavy metals in MSWI fly ash.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融过程中重金属固化特性

为探索垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属在熔融过程中的迁移特性,采用燃油式表面熔融炉,对杭州某生活垃圾焚烧厂的焚烧飞灰连续进行了6个多月日处理规模为500kg/d的熔融固化中试实验.采用X射线衍射仪、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪、X射线荧光光谱仪研究不同工艺参数(温度、添加剂、冷却方式)对飞灰中重金属固化率的影响.结果表明:随着温度的升高和添加剂比例的增大,重金属Cu、Zn的固化率显著提高,Pb、Cd和Cr则变化不明显;水冷却方式下,重金属固化率要略大于空气自然冷却.熔融过程中,烟气中常规污染物浓度和二噁英等污染物总毒性浓度均小于标准限值.     

焚烧飞灰熔融特性与熔渣利用技术研究进展

垃圾焚烧飞灰中含有高浸出浓度的Pb,Cd,Cu,Zn等重金属,属于危险废物。高温熔融技术可以有效地控制焚烧飞灰中的重金属污染物。从飞灰无害化和资源化2个角度介绍了熔融技术的研究进展,分析了熔融技术的优缺点,在综述国内外研究成果的基础上,为今后焚烧飞灰的热处理技术提出了研究方向。     

Glass-ceramics made from arc-melting slag of waste incineration fly ash

Grate fly ash and fluidized bed fly ash mixed with glass cullet additive respectively were melted in the electronic arc-furnace. The product, arc-melting slag, was further treated by crushing, pressing and heat treatment in order to make the glass-ceramics. The crystallization behaviors of the produced glass-ceramics were examined by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that main crystalline phase of the glass-ceramics from grate fly ash is wollastonite (CaSiO₃) with small amount of diopside (Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)₂O₆), and that from fluidized bed fly ash is diopside (Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)₂O₆). It is found that the glass-ceramics sintered at 850 °C and 1 000 °C from grate fly ash and fluidized bed fly ash respectively have the optimal physical, mechanical and chemical characteristics. Glass-ceramics samples, produced from incinerator fly ash with desirable properties and the low leaching concentration of heavy metals, can be the substitute of nature materials such as marble, granite and porcelain tiles.     

Influence of ultra-fine fly ash on hydration shrinkage of cement paste

1INTRODUCTION Hydrationshrinkageisalsoknownaschemicalshrinkage[1].Thesolidvolumeincreasesafterce menthydrating,buttheabsolutevolumeofcementwatersystemreduces.Usuallythetotalamountofvolumeshrinkageofcementwatersystemis7%9%[1,2].Withthedevelopmentofthetechno logyofcementandconcrete,concretewithhighstrengthandhighperformanceisthedevelopingtendencynow.However,nowadays,comparedwithordinaryconcrete,thehydrationshrinkageofhighperformancecementconcreteincreasesobvi ouslybecauseoftheaccelerationof…     

搅拌时间对粉煤灰水泥净浆流动性及早期抗压强度的影响

影响粉煤灰水泥净浆的流动性与早期抗压强度等问题一个重要原因就是拌合是否充分,搅拌时间是否合适。现有的相关规范中对于拌合时间的规定大都针对普通混凝土,随着高性能混凝土的发展,尤其是粉煤灰混凝土近几年来的广泛使用,导致现有的拌合时间规定无法满足粉煤灰混凝土均匀性的控制要求。为此,通过初步研究不同拌合时间对不同掺量的粉煤灰水泥净浆流动性及早期抗压强度的影响,最终确定合理的粉煤灰水泥净浆拌合时间,供进一步研究与工程应用参考。     

医疗废物焚烧灰、渣对人体健康风险评价

针对医疗废物处置不当容易产生二次污染的的问题,指出焚烧法是目前最为可行的处置方法之一,但处置医疗废物产生的固体废弃物(飞灰、灰渣)若直接释放到环境中,仍可能存在潜在的环境风险与危害.通过浸出实验与模式预测相结合,研究飞灰与灰渣中重金属通过饮水途径对人体产生的健康风险值.铬在医疗飞灰和灰渣中个人年风险最大,分别达8.8865×10-5/a和8.2597×10-5/a,超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICR)推荐的最大可接受风险5.0×10-5/a.医疗废物焚烧处置后的飞灰、灰渣存在着健康风险隐患,应该对其按危险废物进行处置与环境管理.     

矿渣水泥中掺用大量粉煤灰的抗压强度特性

在矿渣水泥中大量掺用粉煤灰来生产水泥是一种新技术。这种复合水泥(代号P.O)由于参入了两种活性混合料,较单一混合料的水泥具有更好的使用效果,其性能一般受所用两种混合料的矿物成分、比表面积、掺量及配合比的影响。本文用矿渣水泥、粉煤灰、激发剂及填充料四种成分按一定比例配制复合水泥后,着重探讨了激发剂以及填充料对其抗压强度的影响。其结果表明,在矿渣水泥中大量掺用粉煤灰时,必须添加少量的激发剂,才能满足早期强度的技术性能,单独使用各种激发剂对早期强度的提高并没有显著的效果,各种激发剂之间存在最佳配合比。     

粉煤灰混合料的力学特性

以细磨粉煤灰、水泥和粉细沙为主要材料组成混合料,采用正交试验方法,研究胶沙比、灰胶比和龄期对混合料的抗压强度和抗拉强度等力学性能的影响.研究表明,灰胶比对混合料的抗拉强度有显著影响;其次是龄期和胶沙比,但二者影响不显著.各因素对粉煤灰混合料抗压强度的影响程度按自大到小的顺序依次为胶沙比、灰胶比和龄期,但均无显著影响.采用低胶沙比和灰胶比组合确定混合料的配合比,既可满足强度要求,又能达到经济性目的.     

复合浆体中粉煤灰和水泥水化反应程度的测定

采用盐酸选择溶解法测定粉煤灰的水化程度,再结合水化热法计算复合浆体中水泥的水化程度。试样结果表明,在水化早期粉煤灰仅作为惰性材料填充于复合浆体的孔隙中。随着粉煤灰掺量的增大,水泥的水化程度越高,单位体积中水化产物的总体数量仍为减少。     

超细粉煤灰与原灰在水泥砂浆中的水化特征对比研究

主要对比研究了粉煤灰原灰颗粒和超细粉磨后的粉煤灰颗粒在水泥砂浆中的水化过程,利用SEM对水化行为进行了微观观察,并结合砂浆试块3 d7、d、28d抗折、抗压强度.结果表明:粉煤灰的细度对试块的强度影响最大,尤其是后期对抗压强度,在相同掺量下,强度相差达2倍左右;粒径在5μm左右的粉煤灰颗粒在养护初期就已经开始水化,且水化速率较快,在28 d时水化程度已经很充分,粉煤灰原灰颗粒即使养护到28 d龄期时,水化程度仍然很低;掺入细灰的试体各个龄期的结构均比原灰的要致密,且钙矾石的生长更快.     

粉煤灰与粉煤灰混凝土性能

通过实验和理论分析,研究了粉煤灰活化措施、基本效应以及粉煤灰混凝土的工作性、力学特性和耐久性,为粉煤灰混凝土的应用和研究提供参考．研究认为机械活化措施中细磨加工优于分选加工,细磨加工能提高粉煤灰的活性和利用率;强碱激发剂的掺量要适量,引入硫酸盐复合激发剂是必要的,也是有效的,水泥是粉煤灰最有效、最经济的活性激发剂;粉煤灰的作用机理主要有取代效应、火山灰效应、形态效应和微集料效应等;粉煤灰使混凝土的工作性得到改善,早期强度低,后期强度增长快,抗拉强度明显提高,抗裂性、抗渗性、抗冻性、耐蚀性、抗碳化性和对钢筋的保护能力提高,水化热降低,能消除或减轻碱骨料反应的危害。     

粉煤灰矿渣复合水泥试验研究及其应用

通过试验研究了粉磨方式、细度、复合组分比例及添加剂对粉煤灰、矿渣、石灰石与少量熟料组成的复合水泥性能的影响 .研究结果表明 :当以上三组分比例适当时 ,通过添加剂的有效作用 ,采取合理的粉磨工艺和制度 ,在熟料掺量 5 0 %时可以配制出 6 2 5R或 6 2 5复合水泥 ,熟料掺量 4 0 %可以配制出 6 2 5或 5 2 5R复合水泥 ,熟料掺量 30 %可以配制出 5 2 5或 4 2 5R复合水泥 .同时 ,对上述部分水泥配制的高性能混凝土进行了试验研究     

固化粉煤灰防渗铺盖材料的研制

为防止灰水下渗而造成的环境污染,贮灰场必须采取适当的防渗结构和措施,而铺盖防渗是一种适宜的防渗形式.针对不同质量等级的粉煤灰,通过试验确定了 HAS 固化剂、粉煤灰、减水剂和水的配合比,获得28 d 龄期抗压强度2.0 MPa 以上、90 d 龄期渗透系数不大于10~(-6)cm/s 数量级的铺盖材料.性能测试表明,固化粉煤灰铺盖材料能满足贮灰场防渗要求,价格经济,是一种新型环保防渗材料.     

固化粉煤灰防渗铺盖材料的研制

为防止灰水下渗而造成的环境污染,贮灰场必须采取适当的防渗结构和措施,而铺盖防渗是一种适宜的防渗形式．针对不同质量等级的粉煤灰,通过试验确定了HAS固化剂、粉煤灰、减水剂和水的配合比,获得28d龄期抗压强度2．0MPa以上、90d龄期渗透系数不大于10^-6cm／s数量级的铺盖材料．性能测试表明,固化粉煤灰铺盖材料能满足贮灰场防渗要求,价格经济,是一种新型环保防渗材料．     

Influence of fly ash fineness and shape on the porosity and permeability of blended cement pastes

The effects of the fineness and shape of fly ash on the porosity and air permeability of cement pastes were investigated. Pulverized coal combustion (PCC) fly ash and fluidized bed coal combustion (FBC) fly ash classified into three different finenesses were used. River sand with particle size distribution similar to that of fly ash was also used for comparison. Portland cement was replaced with fly ash and ground sand at the dosages of 0, 20wt%, and 40wt%. A water-to-binder ratio (w/b) of 0.35 was used thr...