Development Status and Challenge of PetroChina’s Deep Drilling Technologies

Deep and ultra-deep drilling technologies have been developed since the late 1930s, and got great achievements especially in the last two decades. The depth of well completion has even reached to 12 kilometers. Several countries, such as US and some European countries, are leading in the advanced deep and ultra-deep drilling technologies in the world. In recent years, nevertheless, PetroChina has also made big progress in mechanical penetration rate (ROP), drilling period, amount of drillin…     

China-made Rigs Enter International Market

Nowadays, China＇s drilling equipment manufacturing has formed into a sophisticated industrial chain, playing an indispensable role in supporting China＇s petroleum industry. Especially in recent years, apart from satisfying the requirements of domestic onshore drilling operations, the state-of-the-art drilling equipments like offshore modular drilling rigs, 9000 meter ultra-deep rigs have also been successfully manufactured, this, together with the wholesale export of electric drilling rigs to the overseas market, has ranked China as a primary manufacturer of drilling equipments in the world. China can now wholesale produce series of onshore and offshore drilling equipment with rig production of nearly 200 per year. The production capacity accounts for 20%-25% of the world total. In addition to satisfying domestic market, China made onshore drilling rigs have also gained great competitive advantages in the international market.     

Wellbore Engineering Technologies for Ultra-deep Oil and Gas Exploration:Challenges and Trend

Ultra-deep formations hold abundant oil and gas resources.As the demand for oil and gas increases with economic development,more and more efforts are putting into the exploration and development of oil and gas reservoirs in deep formations around the world.In China,the exploration and development of deep oil and gas are pacing up,especially in ultra-deep formations in the Sichuan Basin,Tarim Basin and Ordos Basin.The reservoirs in these basins feature extremely large depth(over 7000 m),super high temperature(150°C-210°C),super high pressure(over 150 MPa),high acid gas content(H_2S and CO_2),strong heterogeneity,and multiple pressure systems,which pose a series of challenges to wellbore engineering technologies including drilling,drilling fluid,cementing,logging,and completion testing.Therefore,it is necessary to delve into core drilling and testing technologies for deep formations.     

Development and Application of Hydraulic/Mechanical Drilling Jar and Mechanical Shock Absorber

Introduction Since 1990s,due to the development of petroleum exploration technology,petroleum machinery and equipment have been addressed by all nations.By means of heavier investment on technology innovation,adopting advanced technology to develop new equipments by big oil companies,the overall levels of adaptability,reliability,diversity, seriation,integrity,automatization,intelligence are highly improved.In recent years,the technology of exploration and development for oil and gas in China has expanded rapidly,while the technique of drilling and production is approaching world level.As the drilling engineering orients to the directional well,ultra-deep well and complex well,the research and development of downhole tools to match the technique has shown its importance.     

PetroChina Drills Risk Exploration Wells in Africa

China National Oil Development Corporation （CNODC）, one of the subsidiaries under PetroChina responsible for the overseas oil exploration and development business, started to drill its first exploration well - Saha-1 on Tenere Block in Niger on October 30. This is another risk exploration well CNODC has drilled in this region following Bel E-I drilled on Block 350 in Algeria on September 15 and Heron-1 drilled on Block 20 in Mauritania on October 13. The drilling of those wells indicates a substantial stage of PetroChina＇s overseas large-scale risk oil and gas exploration in the Central and Northern Africa.     

GWDC to Become Domestically First-class and Internationally Advanced General Contractor in Petroleum Engineering Technology Market

<正>Status Greatwall Drilling Company(GWDC).an integrated petroleum engineering services company,mainly focuses on drilling,geophysical prospecting,logging,cementing as well as the development of oil well construction including top driving.mud.and well completion.It provides general contracting services of well construction for oilfield development.What's more.GWDC devotes major efforts to reservoir geological study,workover and lateral drilling,acid fracturing treatment of formations.gas dovelopment.providing other rated technical services.It is dedicated to becoming the general contractor of petroleum engineering technologies in the world.     

Exploration Top on Agenda of PetroChina

PetroChina held a 12-day meeting for 2003 exploration work in Beijing in mid-March. More than 300 geologists and experts as well as managers in charge of exploration work, coming from all the oil fields and research institutes of PetroChina, attended the meeting to formulate the company‘s oil and gas     

GWDC to Become Domestically First-class and Internationally Advanced General Contractor in Petroleum Engineering Technology Market

正Status Greatwall Drilling Company(GWDC),an integrated petroleum engineering services company,mainly focuses on drilling,geophysical prospecting,logging,cementing as well as the development of oil well construction including top driving,mud,and well completion.It provides general contracting services of well construction for oilfield development.What's more,GWDC devotes major efforts to reservoir geological study,workover and lateral drilling,acid fracturing treatment of formations,gas development,providing other rated technical services;It is dedicated to becoming the general contractor of petroleum engineering technologies in the world.     

World Energy Trends, Security and China’s Options

With the heavy dependence of world’s growing economy on energy supply, the energy issue again comes into the spotlight throughout the world. How to ensure energy security is a great concern to most countries in the world. In this paper, trends in energy supply, energy security mechanism and new challenges are analyzed. As well as, China’s security strategies are also proposed.     

PetroChina Implements QHSE Information System

Quality, Health, Safety and Environmental （QHSE） management is an integral part of company management system. PetroChina Company Limited（PetroChina） has all along regarded QHSE business as the consistent standpoint of self-developing. One of its most important tasks is to safeguard its staff＇s health, take precautions against accidents and protect the environment. Nowadays, information system has been recognizing as one of the most magic way to enhance management through out in the world leading oil company. In order to build an effective HSE system easily to implement and maintain, in January 2004, PetroChina invited IBM to help on conducting a feasibility study for Health, Safety and Environment （HSE） system. In March 2005, PetroChina kicked off the pilot phase of first enterprise-wide QHSE software implementation project. A very comprehensive selection of Essential SuiteTM （ESS）, the fully integrated, browser-based solution by ESS has been chosen for the implementation. PetroChina is collaborating with IBM Global Services and ESS on the pilot project.     

Petroleum Engineering Technology of Shengli Oilfield

Shengli Oilfield （hereafter referred to as Shengli）, a subordinate company of China Petrochemical Corporation （Sinopec）, is the second largest oil field in Chiha and an important oil industry base in east China. It lies in the Yellow River Delta, bordering the Bohai Bay. It plays an enormous role in the economic circle around Bohai Bay and the economic belt of Yellow River area for its well developed infrastructure, transportation and communication system, and favorable geographical location. With 45 years of development, Shengli has progressively formed seven well-equipped and qualified teams specializing in geophysics, drilling, geo-logging, well logging, downhole services, surface engineering construction of oil facilities, as well as survey, design, and civil engineering construction since it was discovered on April 16, 1961. These teams have more than 36.000 staff members, equipped with 8 offshore drilling platforms, 154 onshore drilling rigs-of which 26 are equipped for depth of over 7000 meters. 710 workover units, SL-6000 well logging instruments and other advanced oil engineering technologies and fcilities. This ensures Shengli to deal witb various complex down-hole and surface services. Shengli has an annual capability of 3.6 million meters of drilling footage and wnrkover service of more than 22,000 wells, providing strong support for Shengli to obtain more than 100 million tons of proved reserves and more than 27 million tons of crude oil production annually.     

Drilling cost optimization in a hydrocarbon field by combination of comparative and mathematical methods

In drilling operation,a large saving in time and money would be achieved by reducing the drilling time,since some of the costs are time-dependent.Drilling time could be minimized by raising the penetration rate.In the comparative optimization method,by using the records of the first drilled wells and comparing the criteria like penetration rate,cost per foot and specific energy,the drilling parameters of the next wells being drilled can be optimized in each depth interval.In the mathematical optimization technique,some numerical equations to model the penetration rate,bit wear rate and hydraulics would be used to minimize the drilling cost and time as much as possible and improve the results of the primary comparative optimization.In this research,as a case study the Iranian Khangiran gas field has been evaluated to optimize the drilling costs.A combination of the mentioned optimization techniques resulted in an optimal well which reduced the drilling time and cost considerably in comparison with the wells already drilled.     

THE CURRENT ACTIVITIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY IN JAPAN AND ITS FUTURE PROSPECT

Since the 1960s, the environmental regulations have been enacted to prevent pollution, the Japanese oil industry has responded by adopting a number of new technologies from over seas countries and by developing its own technologies. Oil industry has been making great efforts to protect the environment for over three decades mentioned above. Even so we will have to make a strict commitment toward further improvements in air quality, such as the carbon dioxide, automobile emission and so on. Since the environment protection will be more and more important in the future, oil industry must continue to try hard to preserve environment.     

Analysis and Opinions on How PetroChina Markets Its Equity Oil

In the past five years, PeroChina has signed seven contracts for overseas petroleum exploration and development. Those projects are scattering in seven countries in three main regions - Central Asia and Russia, the Middle East and North Africa as well as South America. Currently, PeroChina has obtained the equity recoverable reserves of 460 million tons worldwide with the annual crude oil production reaching 13.5 million tons. In addition, PetroChina is making ambitious efforts to seek new opportunities in Asia-Pacific region and North America for increase     

FIRST 9000-METER ULTRA-DEEP DRILLING RIG MADE SUCESS IN CHINA

On December 9, 2005, first 9000-meter ultradeep drilling rig with AC VFD technology has been made by Baoji Oilfield Machinery Co. Ltd. and passed the examination and acceptance of relevant experts, which is one of the important technical equipment-developed projects during China＇s 10th Five-Year Plan, it marks that China has made a new breakthrough in manufacturing ultra-deep drilling rig.     

China Leaps to Lead in Global FPSO

Floating production, storage and offloading unit （FPSO）, a single engineering unit with the largest investment in offshore petroleum industry, carries on board various facilities including oil production, storage and export, as well as living and power. It is used to process and storage crude oil, which will be shipped regularly by tankers to various places. Along with the intensification of offshore exploration and development in China, China National Offshore Oil Corporation （CNOOC） has been working hard to expand its FPSO industry scope. Now, 14 FPSO units have been put into operation in 16 oilfields, of which 13 FPSO units operate in China＇s offshore and 1 in Java offshore in Indonesia. China＇s FPSO technology has reached international advanced level and China has become the largest manufacturer and user of FPSO in the world, with both the number and gross tonnage of FPSO units ranking the top of the world.     

THOUGHT FOR INTEGRATION OF ENTERPRISE＇ S INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM

The introduction of the enterprise＇s internal control system is directly related to some well known exposures of finance and accounting scandals, such as Enron, WorldCom, and Xerox etc.. The U.S. President Bush signed Sarbanes-Oxley Act on July 30, 2002. The 404th term of the act claims that all corporations in the U.S. must establish an internal control system to avoid above mentioned financial and accounting risks. With respect to the requirements of Chinese Securities Supervisory Association and the National Capital Committee, PetroChina established its internal control system in February, 2004. CNPC has also established such a system, and has run very well until now.[第一段]     

Soaring in International Market

The international market share and economy benefits of ZPEB （Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau, Sinopec ） are presenting an unprecedented development tendency currently, which holds 83 engineering crews with more than 2000 people have been working in more than 7 countries in the world, including Sudan, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Qatar, Ecuador, Kazakhstan, Nigeria etc, involving drilling, well workover, geophysical survey, well cementation and other technique service projects. In recent years, all these projects have been rapidly developed, taking the last year 2005 as an example, the volume of engineering contracts signed last year increased 48% over the year 2004, reached to hundreds of millions US dollars, accounted for 44% of contract volume signed by Sinopec in the same year. There are 24 new crews sent to international market last year, and it means that one drilling crew and ano ther one engineering crew each month could be sent to foreign countries, now the number of the drilling and workover crews is up to 50 at abroad.     

Chinese Companies Active in Overseas Oil and Gas Sector

<正>China is the world’s most populous country with a fastgrowing economy that has led it to be the largest energy consumer and producer in the world.Energy demand in China has accelerated dramatically over the past few decades in line with the country’s rapid industrialization,making it one of the biggest manufacturing centers in the world.In turn,this has enabled it to also claim the dubious position as the world’s the largest producer of carbon     

Hydrophobic silica nanoparticle-stabilized invert emulsion as drilling fluid for deep drilling

An oil-based drilling fluid should be stable and tolerant to high temperatures for use in deep drilling. An invert emulsion of water in oil is a good choice as an oilbased drilling fluid which is a mixture of a solid phase and two immiscible liquid phases stabilized by a polymeric surfactant. In deep drilling, due to high temperatures, the polymeric surfactant degrades and a phase separation occurs. Here, octadecyltrimethoxysilane-modified silica nanoparticles were used to form a stable invert emulsion of water in oil for the drilling fluid model which resulted in a milky fluid with the formation of 60 μm water droplets. In addition, rheological study showed that using hydrophobic silica nanoparticles resulted in a stable water in oil invert emulsion with desired properties for a drilling fluid that can be modified by adjusting the nanoparticle nature and content. Aging experiments at 120 °C indicated that they also have good stability at high temperatures for challenging drilling operations.