Polarisation-independent optical circulator consisting of two fibre-optic polarising beam splitters and two YIG spherical lenses

A novel polarisation-independent optical circulator, which employs two fibre-optic polarising beam splitters and two yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) spherical lenses, is reported. The present structure has the advantage of low-loss splicing with other single-mode fibres. The insertion loss was 2.5 dB at 1.30 ?m wavelength, and was almost independent of the incident polarisation angle. The backward attenuation was more than 18 dB.     

Design of a compact photonic-crystal-based polarizing beam splitter

A compact polarizing beam splitter based on a photonic crystal (PC) directional coupler with a triangular lattice of air holes is designed and simulated. In the employed PC structure, transverse-electric (TE) light is confined with the photonic bandgap effect, while transverse-magnetic (TM) light is guided through an index-like effect. Due to the different guiding mechanisms, TM and TE light have strikingly different beat lengths, which is utilized to separate the two polarizations in a directional coupler no longer than 24.2 /spl mu/m. The two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method of computation is used to evaluate the device performance. The extinction ratios are found to be around 20 dB for both TE and TM polarized light.     

阶跃式变比例介质膜分束器的研制

本文提出一种非常实用的介质膜分束器。主要特点是吸收损耗低、光损阈值高、均匀性好、阶跃式变比、适用于可见波段连续激光和Q-开关激光的分束。文中给出了实验测试结果,并对其特性进行了讨论。     

激光标线器非球面柱透镜设计

针对基模能量高斯分布造成的激光标线器线斑能量分布不均匀的问题,提出了一种非球面柱透镜的解决方法。该方法不同于传统的旋转对称整形系统的设计,属于非对称整形系统的设计范畴。根据光束传输的能量分配守恒法则和折射定律建立方程组,通过数学软件数值求解方程组,解得非球面矢高表达式。光学软件模拟表明,所设计的非球面柱透镜能使线斑能量均匀分布,工作距离范围宽,不仅适用于准直入射高斯光束,而且适用于会聚入射高斯光束。     

一种新型的圆偏振光分束器的设计及分析

对两种旋向相反却又各向同性的旋光晶体进行组合,可以获得一种新型的圆偏振光分束器。本文计算了波长为300nm-800nm的偏振光通过此类器件后产生的左右旋圆偏振光的分离角,并对其相关的性能进行了分析。计算结果表明:对于两块晶体所组成的器件,左右旋圆偏振光之间分离的最大角度超过0.2°。此类器件的特点是由各向同性的旋光晶体构成,光在其内部传输时,具有的圆偏振状态不会因传输方向而变,经过器件后的左右旋圆偏振光都是严格的圆偏振光。     

冰洲石-玻璃组合三元结构平行分束偏光镜

为了既节省稀有昂贵的冰洲石晶体材料,又实现偏振光的大剪切差输出,采用冰洲石晶体与光学玻璃组合的方法,给出一种新型平行分束偏光镜的设计。该棱镜为ZBaF3玻璃中间夹冰洲石晶体薄片的三元结构,并由大折射率液态胶合剂溴代萘胶合而成。理论分析和实验测试表明,该棱镜消光比优于10-3,且可以实现大的横向剪切。     

偏振和位相调控分光膜的设计与制备

偏振和位相调控分光膜是自由空间量子通信系统中不可缺少的光学元件,其性能直接影响通信质量,决定通信误码率。基于等效层设计理论,采用“介质+金属+介质”的特殊膜系结构,选用Ag金属和SiO₂、Al₂O₃、Ta₂O₅三种介质膜料作为镀膜材料,实现石英衬底45°入射时,1500~1600 nm波段消偏振平均透射/反射比为8.5:91.5,在1530、1540、1550、1560 nm控制位相的分光膜。采用电子束蒸发离子辅助沉积技术,优化沉积工艺,制备了分光膜样品。检测结果表明:在45°入射条件下,1500~1600 nm波段光谱平均透射/反射比为8.53:91.47,在1530、1540、1550、1560 nm处透射光位相差控制在5.02°以内,反射光位相差控制在8.05°以内,满足通信系统分光比及位相控制的要求。此外,该分光膜通过了相应的环境试验测试,满足可靠性要求。     

Scattering of a beam wave by a spherical object

The theoretical analysis of the scattering of a beam wave by a small spherical object, which exists at the neighborhood of the beam waist on the propagation axis, is treated. In this analysis, the property of a spherical object is generalized so as to have anr-dependent dielectric constant. Through numerical calculations for the case of the conducting sphere, the difference between the scattering of a beam wave and that of a plane wave are discussed.     

同时实现频率滤波和偏振分束的结构

通过设计由介质薄膜组成的二周期结构,在特定的入射条件下,利用特征矩阵的方法计算了TE光和TM光的透射率,发现该结构对TE光和TM光存在一系列分离的频率通道。这些分离的频率通道使该结构既可以用作频率滤波器,又可以用作偏振分束器。     

薄膜偏振分光镜的优化设计与实验

采用矩阵法推导了规整膜系的等效导纳并计算出中心波长的反射率,重点分析了P偏振光的有效导纳与折射率之间的关系,说明了膜系对高、低折射率的灵敏度是不同的;给出了设计薄膜偏振分光镜需满足的公式组,突破了Mac Neille公式的限制;介绍了调节有效导纳值的膜层置换法,可有效抑制P光的反射峰。模拟与实验结果表明,在170 nm范围内,消光比大于1 000:1。     

Symmetrical fully-etched and chirped beam splitter based on a subwavelength binary blazed grating

A novel symmetrical chirped beam splitter based on a binary blazed grating is proposed, which adopts the fully-etched grating structure compatible with the current fabrication facilities for CMOS technology and convenient for integration and manufacture process. This structure can realize nearly equal-power splitting operation under the condition of TE polarization incidence. When the absolutely normal incidence occurs at the wavelength of 1580 nm, the coupling efficiencies of the left and the right branches are 43.627% and 43.753%, respectively. Moreover, this structure has the tolerances of 20 nm in etched depth and 3?in incident angle, which is rather convenient to manufacture facility.     

Radiation pattern computation of a spherical lens using Mie series

The radiation pattern of a sphericai layered dielectric lens is computed using eigenfunction expansions. The method is an adaptation of the well-known classical solution for plane wave scattering from a layered sphere but uses the less well-known vector addition theorem for spherical wave functions to represent the off-center sources. The usefulness of this formulation is that the solution is analytical and "exact," and is an efficient tool for investigating spherical lens radiation properties. The method is illustrated for a typical Luneburg lens.     

高斯光束通过球差透镜的聚焦特性

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分公式,在较为普遍情况下,对高斯光束通过球差透镜的聚焦特性作了研究,给出了数值计算例.分析表明,当入射光束束腰宽度较小时,结果与文献[1]和文献[2]的有关结论相符.     

贝塞尔-高斯光束经球差透镜的聚焦特性

利用广义惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分推导了一种涡漩光束——贝塞尔-高斯光束经球差透镜聚焦后的光场表达式,并利用数值计算分析了球差系数对聚焦光束光强剖面分布的影响。研究表明,通过改变球差系数,可以改变零阶贝塞尔-高斯光束轴上光强最大值点的位置,球差的存在使轴上光强最大值减小。零阶贝塞尔-高斯光束经球差透镜聚焦后不能保持其传输不变性,在几何焦面上光强剖面类似于高斯形分布,而实际焦点所在面上的分布则仍具有零阶贝塞尔函数的特征。对于一阶贝塞尔—高斯光束,球差的存在会改变其横向光强分布。     

单个椭球面扩束透镜的设计研究

为了设计单个椭球面缩束(扩束)透镜,采用全面学习策略的粒子群算法作为设计方法,依据光线折射定律矢量形式所表征的椭球面折射特性进行了理论分析,得到了用全面学习策略的粒子群优化算法设计单个椭球面缩束(扩束)透镜的适应度数据公式,设计出了线度小于170mm缩束14.16倍的单个椭球面缩束透镜,并用光线追迹方法模拟了缩束或扩束过程。结果表明,单个椭球面透镜可以起到缩束或者扩束作用,全面学习策略的粒子群算法可用于椭球面缩束透镜的设计。这一结果对于简化扩(缩)束系统结构、设计出适应于不同要求的单个扩(缩)束透镜是有帮助的。     

超高斯光束通过球差透镜后的传输特性研究

利用广义惠更斯－菲涅尔衍射积分,并考虑球差的影响,对超高斯光束通过球差透镜后的传输特性作了数值计算和讨论。本文所得主要结果对实际光学系统的设计是在用的。     

Optical frequency shifting of a mode-locked laser beam

An optical frequency shifter making use of the electro-optic effect in LiNbO3was built to shift the Fourier spectrum of a mode-locked He-Ne laser; the shift was continuously adjustable from -45 GHz to +45 GHz about the central optical frequency of 473.61 THz. Shifted Fourier spectra recorded with a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer were found to be in excellent agreement with theory.     

Spectral shift of a Gaussian Schell-model beam beyond a thin lens

We give a comprehensive representation of the Wolf effect in propagation both in free space and after a lens for an outstanding class of partially coherent beams, namely Gaussian Schell-model beams. We characterize the correlation-induced spectral changes, throughout the whole space, by means of isoshift lines and transverse shift profiles. The maximum value of the frequency blueshift, occurring on the optical axis, is also calculated     

球面端面锥形发散梯度折射率透镜的设计理论

本文系统地研究了球面端面的锥形发散梯度折射率纤维透镜的几何光学设计理论以及用作激光束变换元件的设计规律。