Polarisation-independent optical circulator consisting of two fibre-optic polarising beam splitters and two YIG spherical lenses

A novel polarisation-independent optical circulator, which employs two fibre-optic polarising beam splitters and two yttrium-iron-garnet (YIG) spherical lenses, is reported. The present structure has the advantage of low-loss splicing with other single-mode fibres. The insertion loss was 2.5 dB at 1.30 ?m wavelength, and was almost independent of the incident polarisation angle. The backward attenuation was more than 18 dB.     

High-isolation polarization-independent optical circulator

A high-isolation polarization-independent optical circulator is reported. The circulator structure can sharply reduce isolation dependency on both the rotation error of a rotator and on extinction ratio of a polarizing beam splitter. As a result, the circulator has high isolation over a wide wavelength and temperature range. A 4-port circulator coupled with single-mode fibers was fabricated. Its measured insertion loss and isolation were <1.8 and >31.5 dB, respectively. Consequently, a loss ratio of over 29.7 dB has been realized. The isolation (which is free from reflections) was measured to be >45.1 dB. It is confirmed that the wavelength range for this kind of isolation over 40-dB is very wide. The measured range was wider than the measurement system limit of 90 nm     

Fibre-optic polarising beam splitter employing birefringent-fibre coupler

An in-line fibre-optic polarising beam splitter, consisting of a fused birefringent-fibre coupler, is reported. Splitting of the orthogonally polarised lights was accomplished by increasing the difference of coupling ratios for the two polarisation modes. When a light at 1.402 ?m wavelength was coupled to the input lead, each polarisation was split on to different output leads, showing extinction ratios of more than 17 dB in both leads.     

Simple polarisation-independent optical circulator for optical transmission systems

A simple polarisation-independent optical circulator has been developed. The circulator consists of a 45°Y3Fe5O12 rotator and a quartz rotator and two polarising beam-splitting cubes. Measured insertion loss was about 1.3 dB at 1.32 ?m wavelength. The circulator was connected to graded-index multimode fibres using rod lenses.     

Waveguide polarization-independent optical circulator

We fabricated a new type of waveguide polarization-independent optical circulator which does not need a polarization-beam splitter. The circulator is based on a non-reciprocal Mach-Zehnder interferometer which consists of two waveguide Faraday rotators, two thin-film half-waveplates and two planar lightwave circuit-type 3-dB couplers. The fabricated circulator provides a 14.0-23.7-dB isolation and a 3.0-3.3 dB insertion loss at λ=1.55 μm. This circulator presents a new possibility for developing non-reciprocal devices in the field of integrated optics     

High-isolation polarization-independent optical circulator coupledwith single-mode fibers

A high-isolation polarization-independent optical circulator is reported. The goal is to provide a simple structure that sharply diminishes the degradation on the isolation caused by imperfection of polarization separation in the polarizing beam splitters. The circulator structure is almost the same as that of a conventional circulator except that a birefringent plate is added to each port to achieve high isolation. The effectiveness of the added birefringent plate has been confirmed by calculation and experiment. Insertion loss and isolation of the fabricated circulator coupled with single-mode fibers have been measured to be <1.0 dB and >29.9 dB, respectively, for 1.299 μm wavelength light. A loss ratio over 28.9 dB has been realized     

Analytical and experimental study of waveguide optical polarizationsplitter with Langmuir-Blodgett cladding layer

The waveguide-type optical polarization splitter, which utilizes birefringence of a Langmuir-Blodgett cladding layer, is studied theoretically and experimentally. By means of the beam propagation method based on Galerkin's principle, characteristics of the polarization splitter are analyzed. Results of the numerical calculation predict excellent polarization splitting properties with a crosstalk of -30 dB and an insertion loss of less than 0.1 dB for both TE and TM polarization. Successful operation of the polarization splitter was demonstrated in an experimental device     

Design of a 1 × 2 novel optical switch based on polarization converters and splitters

In this paper, a 1?×?2 optical switch based on two TE/TM polarization converters, one 1?×?2-polarization beam splitter and a hybrid 2?×?2-polarization beam splitter/combiner is designed and discussed. The novelty of this work resides in the design of a 2?×?2-hybrid polarization beam combiner/splitter, operating as a 2?×?2 polarization optical switch through the combining and the splitting of polarized signals issued from two TE/TM polarization controllers. The novel hybrid splitter/combiner can route an optical signal either to a bar or a cross port with an extinction ratio higher than 90 dB, thanks to the feature of polarization splitting used in this device to suppress undesired polarization states and minimize the polarization-dependent loss. We have used polarization beam converters to switch between two orthogonal modes in order to facilitate the routing of these signals through the 2?×?2-hybrid polarization splitter/combiner. We changed the polarization states of signals, in our simulation via OptiSystem, through polarization controllers, by modifying only their phase shifts between 0 rad and π rad. The proposed 1?×?2 optical switch presents an average insertion loss of 3.5 dB.

     

集成光学光纤陀螺芯片

本文首次报道了国内研制的集成光学光纤陀螺芯片,详细描述了其设计考虑与制作。单 Y 型多功能钛扩散铌酸锂芯片包含消光比大于35dB 的薄膜波导偏振器、分束比为49.5/50.5的3dB 分束器/合束器、半波电压小于5伏的相位调制器,光纤—器件—光纤插入损耗为5.4dB。     

Optimal design of a multi-mode interference splitter based on SOI

In this paper, the multimode waveguide lengths and the output port locations of a SOI （silicon on insulator） material-based 1×4 MMI （multimode interference） optical splitter are optimized by means of FD-BPM （finite difference - beam propagation method）. An improved 1×4 MMI optical splitter is designed. Compared with an usual optical splitter, a smaller loss 0. 12dB and a better output port power uniformity 0.11dB are achieved for the optical signal transmission.     

A polarization-independent optical circulator for 1.3 µm

A compact polarization-independent optical circulator for 1.3μm is described. The device utilizes birefringent plates (rutile) for beam splitting, YIG plus a single-order quartz half-wave plate for polarization rotation, and a slotted 45° glass prism for beam steering. The fiber-to-fiber insertion loss is 2.0 or 2.5 dB and the isolation is 25 or 35 dB, depending upon the ports in question. The use of birefringent plates for beam splitting and combining eliminates the need for multiple dielectric coatings for polarization beam splitting, requires only optical plate processing, virtually eliminates sensitivity to translational misalignment of individual beam-splitting/combining components, and reduces the required number of optical-quality surfaces.     

Femtosecond Laser Application to PLC Optical Devices and Packaging

Using tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses, we produce an optical waveguide and devices in transparent materials. This technique has the potential to generate not only channel waveguides, but also three‐dimensional optical devices. In this paper, an optical splitter and U‐grooves, which are used for fiber alignment, are simultaneously fabricated in a fused silica glass using near‐IR femtosecond laser pulses. The fiber‐aligned optical splitter has a low insertion loss, less than 4 dB, including an intrinsic splitting loss of 3 dB and excess loss due to the passive alignment of a single‐mode fiber. Finally, we present an output field pattern, demonstrating that the splitting ratio of the optical splitter becomes approximately 1:1.     

Polarization-independent optical circulator having high isolationover a wide wavelength range

The letter proposes a new structure of a polarization-independent optical circulator. It is theoretically and experimentally shown that the proposed circulator has high isolation over a wide wavelength range. Insertion loss and isolation of a fabricated four-part circulator have been measured to be ⩽1.9 and ⩾42.3 dB, respectively. Loss ratio over 40.4 dB has been realized     

High-isolation polarization-insensitive optical circulator foradvanced optical communication systems

An optical circulator configuration that does not use polarization beam-splitters (PBSs) is described. Birefringent crystals (BCs) are used instead of PBSs to achieve a high-isolation polarization-insensitive optical circulator. The use of BCs simplifies fabrication. A conceptual configuration and two concrete structures are proposed. The prototype optical circulator was tested and exhibited over 60 dB of isolation in the wavelength range of 70 nm around 1550 nm. The insertion loss is under 1.5 dB and fluctuates only 0.2 dB with changes in the polarization state     

Adiabatic 2×2 polarization splitter on LiNbO3

The authors have demonstrated a passive 2×2 polarization splitter in x-cut LiNbO₃, using a hybrid Ti-indiffusion/proton-exchange technology. At a wavelength of 1530 nm, all paths exhibited an extinction ratio of better than 20 dB, with an average excess loss of 1 dB. This component can be integrated with optical filters, switches, and beam combiners to achieve polarization-independent operations     

A 26-GHz Band Integrated Circuit of a Double-Balanced Mixer and Circulators

Integration of a double-balanced mixer and ferrite-disk type circulators have been successfully achieved in the 26-GHz band. The total single-sideband noise figure of the integrated circuit, composed of a mixer and two circulators, is 8.5 dB, including the noise contribution from an IF amplifier. The double-balanced mixer is composed of microstrip lines, slot lines, coupled slot lines, coplanar lines, Au wires, and four beam lead Schottky-barrier diodes. The minimum conversion loss of the mixer is 5.3 dB at a signal frequency of 25.4 GHz. Isolation between RF and LO ports is greater than 30 dB. The ferrite-disk type circulator is produced by a newly developed precise machining technique. The minimum insertion loss of the circulator is 0.45 dB, and the isolation is greater than 20 dB. The integrated circuit with the ferrite-disk type circulators will be extended to the millimeter-wave band.     

Computer aided design of inverted strip dielectric waveguide millimeter-wave couplers

A computer aided design technique has been developed for the design of a beam splitter coupler and a distributed type coupler using inverted strip dielectric waveguides. The optical beam principle has been used for the beam splitter coupler. Numerical results for these couplers at 80 GHZ with minimum directivity of 30 dB and VSWR of 1.15 have been presented.     

Polarization-Insensitive Operation of Lithium Niobate Mach–Zehnder Interferometer With Silica PLC-Based Polarization Diversity Circuit

We demonstrate the polarization-insensitive operation of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI)-based lithium niobate switch with a silica waveguide polarization beam splitter. The splitter is composed of an MZI with a half wave plate installed in one arm, and exhibits a polarization extinction ratio of more than 15 dB. The switch functions for both polarizations with an extinction ratio of more than 20 dB, a polarization-dependent loss of 0.1 dB and a switching speed of 40 ps.     

双芯光纤的偏振分束特性研究

偏振分束器是光学中的重要器件,它将入射光按其偏振特性进行分离,它主要应用于需要对偏振态进行有效控制的光学系统中。微型化光波导偏振分束器已成为光通信领域的研究趋势。双芯光纤偏振分束器承接了双芯的特殊优势,是一类基于模式干涉的偏振分束器,根据耦合长度的不同将两种偏振态分离开来,这一类的分束器具有设计灵活、体型小、价格低廉、应用广泛等优点。本文基于椭圆芯双芯光纤,先从理论方面介绍了偏振分束的原理,再利用Rsoft软件模拟分析了x、y方向的耦合长度及其x、y方向的耦合长度差值随纤芯长短轴比例、入射光波长、纤芯包层折射率差、纤芯间归一化距离的变化趋势。最后,通过优化设计,获得了长度为22.29cm、消光比可以达到20dB以上的偏振分束器。     

基于磁性光子晶体的宽频带低损耗环行器

设计了一种基于光子晶体的结构紧凑、损耗低、频带宽的三端口三光路光环行器,该环行器由Y型光子晶体波导及配置在中心位置的磁光材料星形柱构成。通过对结构参数进行优化,该结构可以分别实现194~196GHz、198.2~199.4GHz和197~197.6GHz三个频段内稳定的顺时针单向环行传输,隔离度分别大于24、15.21和14.5dB,插入损耗分别小于0.18、0.11和0.38dB。该环行器结构简单,特别适用于结构复杂的光子集成系统,同时可提高光路的抗干扰性和稳定性等。