国产麦芽、小麦芽、高辅料啤酒的酿造试验

应用国产麦芽、小麦芽及高辅料酿造啤酒技术,一定程度上能有效降低啤酒的工艺制造成本,解决和消化啤酒原料的涨价因素。 1 小麦芽酿造啤酒的优缺点分析     

低浓度淡爽型啤酒的酿造

以改善低浓度淡爽型啤酒品质为目的 ,提出了一种新颖的低浓度淡爽型啤酒的酿造方法 .采用二次煮出二段式糖化法 ,用 70 %麦芽和 3 0 %大米的原料配比 ,提高麦芽汁中糖与非糖的比值 ,并在糖化过程中添加啤酒酵母提取物作啤酒发酵的补充氮源 .所酿造的啤酒口味纯正 ,泡沫洁白细腻 ,持久挂杯 .     

复合醇在啤酒生产上应用研究

通过在啤酒生产中使用特种复酶，改善国产合格品麦芽在啤酒生产中的酿造品质，增加其使用价值，降低普通酒的生产成本，提高啤酒质量水平．     

啤酒高辅料比糖化在生产中的应用

一前言大麦麦芽是酿造啤酒的主要原料,生产过程中,常常添加适量辅料代替部分麦芽酿造啤酒,产品质量并不比全麦芽啤酒差,也有利于降低啤酒色度,延长啤酒保存期,同时还可以大幅度地降低生产成本。因而世界上除极个别国家生产全麦啤酒外,几乎都采用添加部分辅料来酿造啤酒。笔者最近翻阅1988年以来“全国啤酒行业经济技术指标汇总资料”(北京啤酒厂汇     

NaHCO3型碱性水酿造啤酒的探讨

ＮａＨＣＯ_３型碱性水酿造啤酒的探讨韩耀春（大庆市啤酒厂）啤酒酿造用水是指糖化用水和洗涤麦糟用水。这两部分水直接参与工艺反应，是麦芽汁和啤酒的组成分。在制造麦芽汁和发酵的过程中，许多物理变化、酶反应、生物化学和生物学的变化都直接与水质有关，所以酿造用?..     

葡萄糖苷酶在啤酒酿造中的应用

由Aspergillus niger发酵提纯得来的α-葡萄糖苷酶，在淀粉糖行业生产异麦芽低聚糖(IMO)中得到了广泛的应用。利用它的特性应用于啤酒酿造中，添加的工序不同，会产生不同的效应：在糖化过程加入α-葡萄糖苷酶，可以提高麦汁中异麦芽低聚糖含量而使啤酒的发酵度降低，为生产低浓度啤酒、改善啤酒口感找到了又一新途径。若在发酵罐里添加α-葡萄糖苷酶，     

麦芽质量及对啤酒酿造的影响

对于啤酒酿造来说,酵母是灵魂、麦芽是基础、发酵是保障、生产过程控制是关键,麦芽作为啤酒酿造的主要原料,对啤酒生产、质量和成本有重要的影响。有的缺陷可以通过酿造工艺优化进行改善,但再好的措施都难以兼顾到各个方面,因此,好的麦芽是制造好啤酒的根本。现结合实际中发现的问题总结几点麦芽质量指标对啤酒质量的影响。     

啤酒酿造中辅料（大米）的使用

在啤酒酿造中使用辅料比纯麦芽的酿造更为经济、有利。酿造工业中常用的辅料有谷类、大米、糖、糖浆、大麦、高梁及小麦。在美国、中国、日本以及其它国家,生产啤酒所使用主要的辅料之一就是大米。世界上80%的大米生产在亚洲,它对啤酒工业影响很大。本论文讨论了在添加其它酶以补充麦芽中酶的情况下,可以在糖化过程中使用较高比例的辅料以及它对糖化麦汁中各种成份的影响。     

大麦过氧化物酶(POD)的研究进展

大麦作为重要的粮食作物和啤酒酿造原料,其中的过氧化物酶(POD)在大麦的生长发育过程中起着重要的调节和保护作用。在大麦的发芽过程中,POD可酶促氧化内源性酚类底物,影响麦芽质量,继而在啤酒酿造中影响啤酒的色泽、风味和过滤特性等。本文综述了大麦POD的基本性质,并分析了大麦POD的生理功能及其与环境胁迫的关系,以及对啤酒酿造过程的影响。     

制麦白地霉的筛选及其初步应用

对40株白地霉产β-葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶、中性蛋白酶和纤维素酶的酶活情况进行研究,以加权评分对这些酶活进行分析评价,从中选出4株白地霉菌株(3号、12号、18号和39号)作为制麦用微生物。通过大麦制麦试验证明:这4株白地霉均对麦芽的溶解具有促进作用,其中12号白地霉的效果最好。与空白对照相比,制得的白地霉麦芽中,β-葡聚糖质量分数降低了17.8%,60min的滤液体积提高了35.4%,糖化力增加了10.3%,α-氨基氮质量分数增加了7.3%,其他理化指标也均符合QB1686-2008。将12号白地霉麦芽与对照麦芽分别进行了啤酒酿造实验,结果表明:白地霉麦芽的酿造性能优于空白对照麦芽,两种麦芽所酿啤酒的理化指标均符合GB 4927-2008。     

不同种类麦芽对下面发酵啤酒酿造风味的影响

为了从源头控制下面发酵啤酒的发酵生产并提高其品质,通过啤酒发酵模拟体系,系统评价英国麦芽（Eng）、加拿大麦芽（Can）和德国麦芽（Ger）对下面发酵啤酒酿造风味的影响。分别测定了3种麦芽的品质指标及所酿啤酒的理化指标;并采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）和气相色谱质谱联用（GC-MS）法检测了所酿啤酒中风味物质组成和含量上的差异。结果表明,加拿大麦芽的库尔巴哈值（45%）、浸出率（≥77%）、糖化力（414 WK）和α-氨基酸态氮（118 mg/L）等品质指标和酒精度（2.97%vol）、原麦汁浓度（8.63 °P）、实际浓度（2.76%）、外观浓度（1.17%）、实际发酵度（67.97%）和外观发酵度（86.41%）等所酿啤酒的理化指标适中,啤酒中风味物质种类多样（75种）、相对含量丰富（271.82%）、比例协调,是最适合酿造Lager啤酒的麦芽种类。该结果可为高品质啤酒的工业化生产提供理论依据。     

锌离子在啤酒酿造中的作用与控制

啤酒中锌离子来源于麦芽、大米、酿造用水、酒花。Zn^2 在啤酒酿造过程中可起到催化荆作用，与氨基酸结合形成Zn-氨基酸螯合物。在啤酒酿造过程中，可激活酶提高酶的作用；促进糖化、发酵；促进蛋白质合成及其稳定性；缓解某金属离子的毒性作用，促进挥发物质的产生和双乙酰的还原，缩短发酵时间，提高啤酒质量；但含量过量会使啤酒非生物稳定性降低，影响啤酒质量。通过对糖化过程和发酵过程的控制，可降低醪液pH值。加入少量小麦芽，加入适量ZnCl2，ZnSO4及酵母营养盐等，可实现对Zn^2 的有效控制，达到最佳酿造浓度。     

影响啤酒过滤性能的酶制剂

总结了整个啤酒酿造过程中各个工艺因素对啤酒过滤的影响，并提出相应的工艺控制措施，特别侧重于各项新技术、新工艺（如用低发芽率麦芽、小麦芽酿酒、露天罐技术及酒龄缩短等）采用后给啤酒过滤造成不利影响的情况下，采取相应的工艺措施来提高啤酒的过滤性能。     

Comparison of beer quality attributes between beers brewed with 100% barley malt and 100% barley raw material

BACKGROUND: Brewing with 100% barley using the Ondea^® Pro exogenous brewing enzyme product was compared to brewing with 100% barley. The use of barley, rather than malt, in the brewing process and the consequences for selected beer quality attributes (foam formation, colloidal stability and filterability, sensory differences, protein content and composition) was considered. RESULTS: The quality attributes of barley, malt, kettle‐full‐wort, cold wort, unfiltered beer and filtered beer were assessed. A particular focus was given to monitoring changes in the barley protein composition during the brewing process and how the exogenous OndeaPro^® enzymes influenced wort protein composition. All analyses were based on standard brewing methods described in ASBC, EBC or MEBAK. To monitor the protein changes two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used. CONCLUSION: It was shown that by brewing beer with 100% barley and an appropriate addition of exogenous Ondea^® Pro enzymes it was possible to efficiently brew beer of a satisfactory quality. The production of beers brewed with 100% barley resulted in good process efficiency (lautering and filtration) and to a final product whose sensory quality was described as light, with little body and mouthfeel, very good foam stability and similar organoleptic qualities compared to conventional malt beer. In spite of the sensory evaluation differences could still be seen in protein content and composition. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Suitability of unmalted quinoa for beer production

BACKGROUND

This study provides the first detailed investigation into the effect of partially substituting barley malt with quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) on the characteristics of wort and beer. Quinoa seeds and flakes were compared in terms of their suitability for brewing. The benefits of applying a commercial enzyme mixture during beer production with quinoa were also investigated.

RESULTS

These findings show that quinoa is a good starchy raw material for brewing. Even without exogenous enzymes, it is possible to substitute barley malt with up to 30% quinoa. The form in which quinoa is used has a negligible influence on the quality of the wort and beer. The foam stability of beer made with quinoa was better than that of all‐malt beer, despite there being a lower level of soluble nitrogen in quinoa beer in comparison with all‐malt beer and more than twice the amount of fat in quinoa in comparison to barley malt.

CONCLUSION

The addition of unmalted quinoa does not give unpleasant characteristics to the beer and was even found to have a positive effect on its overall sensory quality. This offers brewers an opportunity to develop good beers with new sensory characteristics. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

大麦辅料啤酒的试制

以饲料大麦作辅助料代替部分麦芽和大米酿制啤酒,麦芽用量由原来的75％降低到60％,大米由原25％降为15％,可降低成本31.18元／吨 麦汁,经济效益明显。     

“SP-3”与“SP-2”在全小麦啤酒酿造中应用研究

“SP-3”是新选育的啤酒酵母菌株,而“SP-2”为通常生产大麦芽啤酒使用的啤酒酵母菌株,“SP-3”与“SP-2”啤酒酵母菌株在全小麦啤酒生产中应用对比试验结果表明,“SP-3”啤酒酵母菌株在全小麦芽啤酒的酿造中适用性较强,各项指标均优于“SP-2”啤酒酵母菌株,用其酿制的啤酒口感纯正、清爽、柔和,能够较好地适应当前消费者的口感需求.     

Fungal Hydrophobins in the Barley‐to‐Beer Chain

Fungal hydrophobins have been shown to induce gushing of beer. In order to study the occurrence and fate of hydrophobins at different stages of the production chain of beer, barley samples artificially infected in the field with Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum and F. poae were collected during the growing period as well as during various stages of the malting process. In addition, naturally infected malt was brewed in pilot scale and samples were collected throughout the process. The samples were assayed for hydrophobin content using an ELISA method. The results showed that fungi produced hydrophobins that accumulated during barley grain development in the field, but that production was more pronounced during malting. Prolonged storage of barley tended to reduce the ability of fungi to produce hydrophobins in malting. Studies on the fate of hydrophobins during the brewing process revealed that mashing released hydrophobins from the malt into the wort. Some loss of hydrophobins occurred throughout the brewing process with spent grains, cold break (wort boiling) and surplus yeast. In addition, the beer filtration step reduced hydrophobin levels. Despite the substantial loss of hydrophobins during brewing, the level was high enough to induce the gushing detected in the final beer.     

浅谈辅料不使用大米,全部使用糖浆的啤酒生产工艺

研究探讨辅料不使用大米,全部使用糖浆的啤酒生产工艺。对大米、小麦芽和糖浆作了重点分析,制定了试验工艺,并得出结论：糖浆完全可以代替大米作为啤酒生产辅料,生产出的啤酒是合格的。对全部使用糖浆产生的节约价值作了重点介绍,对啤酒企业来说又找到了一条降低生产成本、提高盈利空间道路。